Bacterial Diversity

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Bacterial Diversity

• The Examination of Bacterial Colonies in Selected
  Environments

By Lara Hartman and Daniel Arbeider
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Purpose

• Explore the bacterial diversity found in
• Air
• Raw Chicken
• Soil
• Pond Water
• Washed Unwashed Hands
• Library Table
• Establish which environment supports the greatest
  diversity of bacteria.
• Compare the data generated to determine if our
  hypothesis is supported.

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Hypothesis

• Pond water will contain the greatest diversity of
  bacteria when compared to other observed
  environments.

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Methods

• Label each Petri dish according to the
  environment tested.
• To isolate bacterial colonies from the soil, pond
  water, chicken, and the PSU library table the
  Streak Plate method was used.

• For the air sample the lid will be removed for
  the duration of the experiment.
• For washed and unwashed hands, a thumb will be
  pressed on the surface of the agar.
• Incubate all plates for 1 week at 22 C.

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Air
  Size Shape Margin Surface Color
A 15 mm Irregular Lobate Smooth Milk-White
B 5 mm Round Smooth Concentric Pale Yellow
C 6 mm Round Curled Concentric White
D 6 mm Round Smooth Smooth Off-White
E 14 mm Irregular Lobate Contoured Mustard
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Raw Chicken
  Size Shape Margin Surface Color
A 1 mm Punctiform Lobate Wrinkled Off-White
B 7 mm Irregular Lobate Contoured Clear
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Soil
  Size Shape Margin Surface Color
A 6 mm Irregular Lobate Smooth Off-White
B 7 mm Irregular Filamentous Contoured White
C 30 mm Irregular Lobate Contoured Clear
F u n g u s
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Pond Water
  Size Shape Margin Surface Color
A 3 mm Round Smooth Smooth Off-White
B 10 mm Irregular Lobate Contoured Off-White
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Washed and Unwashed Hands
  Size Shape Margin Surface Color
A 59 mm Irregular Wavy Smooth Off-White
B 7 mm Irregular Filamentous Contoured White
C 13 mm Irregular Lobate Smooth White
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Library Table
  Size Shape Margin Surface Color
A 15mm Irregular Lobate Smooth White
B 6 mm Round Wavy Concentric Yellow
C 11 mm Round Smooth Concentric Yellow
D
E 3 mm Round Smooth Smooth Orange
F u n g u s
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Data Interpretation

• After one week, observations were made of the
  colony morphology of the different bacterial
  species in each environment.
• Charts were constructed to compare the diversity
  and abundance of bacteria in the various
  environments.
• Our data clearly showed that the hypothesis under
  investigation was not supported however, it is
  reasoned that the pond water sample was not the
  best representation of aquatic life. In our next
  experiment all layers, top middle-bottom, will
  be analyzed.

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Escherichia coli

• Role
• Produces Vitamin K in the intestinal tract.
• Pathogenic effects
• Human urinary tract infections
• Diarrhea
• Pneumonia (linked)
• Meningitis (linked)

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E.coli

• How E.coli infects
• E.coli and how it infects Part 1
• E.coli and how it infects Part 2
• E.coli and how it infects Part 3
• Treatments
• Antibiotics are not recommended. (May cause
  shock)
• Studies
• Antibiotic treatment increases risk of urinary
  tract infections from 8 (no treatment) to 56
  (antibiotic treatment).
• E.coli develops antibiotic resistance quickly.

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E.coli
  Antibiotic Dose Zone of Inhibition Sensitivity
1 Steptomycin 10 mg 5 mm Sensitive
2 Penicillin 10 mg 0 mm Not Sensitive
3 Erythromycin 15 mg 3 mm Sensitive
4 Tetracyclin 30 mg 7 mm Sensitive
5 Kanamycin 30 mg 5 mm Sensitive
6 Chloramphenicol 30 mg 12 mm Very Sensitive
7 Nalidixic Acid 30 mg 11 mm Very Sensitive
8 Novobiacin 30 mg 0 mm Not Sensitive
Control     0 mm Not Sensitive
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Sources

• Carter Brown, M.E., and J.G. Morgan.
  Investigating Biology A Laboratory Manual for
  Biology. San Francisco Benjamin Cummings, 2002.
• Dennis Liu, Ph.D., and B. Brett Finlay, Ph.D.
  Enteropathogenic E. coli Infection Mechanism.
  Retrieved November 2 2004, from
  http//www.savetheantibiotic.com/public_html/0_Edu
  cators/bacteria_mov1.html
• Craig S. Wong, Srdjan Jelacic, Rebecca L. Habeeb,
  Sandra L. Watkins, Phillip I. Tarr Early Release
  article, The New England Journal of Medicine May
  23, 2000. Retreived November 2, 2004, from
  http//www.coloradohealthsite.org/CHNReports/antib
  ioticsandecoli.html