presentation by: sabina wakio maghanga, director, macro

1
LEVERAGING SOUTH SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR
COOPERATION TO PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY IN KENYA 

• Presentation by
• SABINA WAKIO MAGHANGA,
• DIRECTOR, MACRO PLANNING DIRECTORATE
• MPNDV20300
• AND
• DR. LUTTA MOHAMMED, PRINCIPAL REEARCH OFFICER
  COORDINATION OF M E, KARI
• 23RD NOVEMBER 2010

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OUTLINE

• Country profile
• Definitions
• Food security in kenya
• Specific interventions and lessons learnt
• Transferring food security solution and lessons
  learned
• Donor country facilitation and lessons learned

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Country Profile

• Official Name The Republic of Kenya
• Location Lying in East Africa, borders Tanzania
  to the south, Uganda to the west, Ethiopia and
  Sudan to the North and Somalia and the Indian
  Ocean to the east.
• Total area 582,646 km²
• land 569,140 sq km
• water 11,227 sq km
• Arable land 8.01
• population 38, 610,097
• Capital Nairobi

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Country Profile cont.

• Languages English and Kiswahili
• Currency Kenya Shilling
• Administrative Units 47 Counties
• Attained its independence in 1st June 1963 and
  declared Republic 12th December 1964
• Promulgated new constitution 28th August, 2010

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Definitions

• The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food
  security as existing when all people at all
  times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious
  food to maintain a healthy and active life.
• The summit identified that Food security is
  built on three pillars
• Food availability sufficient quantities of food
  available on a consistent basis.
• Food access having sufficient resources to
  obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.
• Food use appropriate use based on knowledge of
  basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate
  water and sanitation.

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Food security in Kenya

• Agriculture is the main stay of the Kenya economy
• It represents about 24 of GDP
• About one-third of agricultural produce is
  exported, accounting for 65 of Kenya's exports
• Accounts for about 18 of formal employment
• Over 5 million are engaged in agriculture mainly
  small holder.

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Food security in Kenya cont.

• Agriculture is made up of 4 major sub-sectors
  industrial crops, food crops, horticulture, and
  livestock and fisheries.
• About 146 commodities are grown including cereals
  and pulse crops, horticulture and floriculture,
  roots and tuber crops, industrial crops, dairy
  production and ranching.

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Food security in Kenya cont.

• Kenya has five main agro-ecological regions
• a narrow, humid to sub-humid coastal strip
• bush-covered plains in the interior
• high-lying scrublands in the northwest
• fertile grasslands and highland forests in the
  south-west and
• the Great Rift Valley in the west, where some of
  the countrys highest mountains, including Mount
  Kenya (5,199m above sea level) are situated.
  Except for the temperate highlands, the climate
  is hot and dry.

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Food security in Kenya cont.

• Challenges faced by the Sector
• Productivity levels are below potential for
  most crops.
• Land use Most land remains under-exploited esp.
  ASAL which forms 84 of land
• Markets productivity in the market is
  constrained by inefficiencies in the supply chain
  eg limited storage capacity, lack of post harvest
  services, and access to input markets.

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Food security in Kenya cont.

• Value addition Very low hence low
  competitiveness.
• An estimated 10 million people in suffer from
  chronic food insecurity, while about four million
  people require emergency food assistance from
  time to time.

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Specific Interventions

• Specific interventions include
• Development of a national agricultural policy
  and strategies (Vision 2030 long-term development
  policy document).
• Support to Farmers through
• Extension services
• Training farmers training centers, field days,
  demonstration farms

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Specific Interventions cont.

• Research and development in thematic areas
  including
• crops (over 100 crop species or commodities)
• livestock (at least 10 domestic animal species)
• Natural Resource Management (NRM)
• Agricultural Product (and service) and
• Value Chains (APVCs).

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Specific Interventions cont.

• Capacity Building eg The Kenya Agriculture
  Research Institute (KARI) has a pool of 542
  researchers at PhD, Masters and bachelors degree
  levels to support the above programmes besides a
  large number of extension staff at the grass
  root.
• Collaboration among regional agricultural
  research institutions eg the Association for
  Strengthening Agricultural research in Eastern
  and Central Africa (ASARECA)

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Specific Interventions cont.

• Putting in place key programmes to address
  agricultural strategies by KARI and other
  institutions
• Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Management,
• Socio-Economics and Applied Statistics and
  Adaptive Research,
• Outreach and Partnerships

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Specific Interventions cont.

• Promotion of production and consumption of
  indigenous food crops
• Increased awareness of food utilization and
  nutrition resulting in lowering malnutrition and
  disease burden.
• Promotion of grain amaranth which is good for
  HIV/AIDS patients
• Development of aquaculture marine and inland
  fisheries
• Seed multiplication
• Regional integration common market for EAC

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Other Specific Interventions Cont

• Fertilizer cost reduction initiatives bulk
  procurement of fertilizer
• Marketing and distribution
• Value addition
• Setting up disease free zone in ASAL
• Economic stimulus package eg restocking,
  irrigation etc
• Cooperative movement
• Infrastructure development

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Lessons Learned

• Need for a clear national agriculture/food policy
  and strategies
• Collaborative efforts local/regional/national,
  cross boarder/international are important
• Research and development is key
• Need for an integrated approach to food security
• Sound environmental management
• Technology has to be packaged in a language that
  can be understood

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Lessons Learned cont.

• Appropriate crops produced need to be protected
  from pests and diseases and to be well fed
• Adoption rates are high when extension services
  are carried out by partners other the technology
  developer
• Marketing cooperation crop varieties across
  different borders eg katumani maize variety has
  been sold to countries like Ethiopia has been
  recognized in Africa for about 20 years.

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Transferring food security solutions

• Signing of MOUs between Kenyas agriculture,
  science and technology specialized agencies with
  other African countries.
• Hosting of Centres of Excellence in agriculture,
  science and technology such as KARI, JKUAT, KIPI,
  KEPHIS
• University and middle level training to Africans
  and other countries
• Cross boarder initiatives e.g. LVEMP

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Transferring food security solutions

• Collaborative research projects or activities
  such as
• Access to special sites (e.g. mid-altitude
  testing site at Kiboko), infrastructure (ISO
  Certified bio-technology labs)
• Student exchange (to and from KARI)
• Consultancies/contracts with research and
  educational institutions and industry
• sub-regional, regional and international levels

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Transferring food security solutions cont.

• Collaborator
  Collaborative projects
• International Agr Res Centres (IARCs)
  48.8
• Developed Country Research
  10.6
• Regional Research Networks (ASARECA)
  8.9
• International private sector
  4.9
• Developed Country Universities
  4.9
• International Research Networks
  3.2
• UN Agencies
  2.4
• Others
  16.2
•  

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Transferring food security solutions Contd

• Reciprocal exchange of research materials,
  information, equipments, working space,
  knowledge/expertise and personnel between or
  amongst KARI programs and among other STI
  institutions nationally and internationally.
• Technology release of varieties produced by
  research institutions
• Regional integration e.g. EAC and COMESA.

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Transferring food security solutions cont

• The following modes of interaction between KARI
  and other countries have been used
• Type of exchange
  Percent
• Conference
  64.3
• Short course
  20.6
• Visiting Scientist
  11.1
• Other
  1.5
• Exchange experience
  1.3
• Consultancy
  1.3
• Total
  100.0

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lessons learnt

• Regional integration is a recipe to transfer of
  home grown solution
• Low levels development and poverty may hamper
  transfer of solutions
• Funding
• Attitude towards new thinking

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DONOR COUNTRY FACILITATION

• Human resource development e.g. JICA at JKUAT,
• Establishment of regional agricultural research
  networks e.g. ASARECA facilitates KARIs
  application of its capacity to use its resource
  base
• Funding of infrastructure development e.g. AfDB,
  Japan, EU, China, World Bank among others
• Seed bulking/multiplication by Japan
• Irrigation

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Lessons learnt

• Sustainability of programmes
• Sufficiency and effectiveness of resources

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Thank You