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Cause of Poor SelfEsteem and Ways of Enhancing It

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Title: Cause of Poor SelfEsteem and Ways of Enhancing It


1
Cause of Poor Self-Esteem and Ways of Enhancing It
  • National Conference Partnerships for
  • Reducing Youth Suicide.
  • 7th 9th December 2005,
  • Kilkenny Ormond Hotel,
  • Irish Association of Suicidology.

2
Self-Esteem
  • Self-esteem is viewed as a communal problem for
    Irish people,
  • who worry that inadequate self-esteem leads to
    various
  • undesirable behaviours.

3
Human Beings
  • Capacity for self-reflection.
  • Good sense of self / self-esteem necessary for
    adaptive functioning.

4
Self as I (Butler, 2001)
  • Subjective knower of the self
  • Continuity of self.
  • Separateness of self (from others).
  • Self-reflection.

5
Self as Me
  • Objective aspects of self
  • Self-presentation to others.
  • Measurement of self.

6
  • In general low self-esteem associated with
  • Depression.
  • Schizophrenia.
  • Drug and alcohol abuse.
  • Suicidal attempts.

7
  • In general low self-esteem associated with
  • Hopelessness.
  • Academic failure.
  • Excessive criticism by significant others.
  • Physical sexual abuse.
  • Lack of external support, praise, or kind word.

8
  • But Emler (2001, Review) found that low
    self-esteem in general
  • not associated with
  • More criminal behaviour.
  • More use of illegal drugs, alcohol, smoking, or
    fail academically.

Emler N. (2001). Self-esteem The costs and
causes of low self-esteem. J. Rowntree
Foundation York Publishing Services Ltd.
9
Self
  • Self concept overarching view of self.
  • Self-esteem evaluative aspects.
  • Self-image characteristics available to
    individual.
  • Self-efficacy notion of self-competency.

10
  • Piers E. V., Herzberg D. S. (2002). Piers
    Harris Two Childrens
  • self-concepts Scale LACA Western Psychological
    Services.
  • Coopersmith S. (1981). Coopersmith Self-Esteem
    Inventory Palo
  • Alto CA Consulting Psychologist Press.

11
  • Harter S. (1985). Self-perception profile for
    children. Denver CO
  • University of Denver Press.
  • Harter S. (1988). Self-perception profile for
    adolescents. Denver
  • CO University of Denver Press.
  • Butler R. J. (2001). The self-image profiles.
    London The
  • Psychological Corporation.

12
Childhood Factors and Self-esteem
  • Children who have a history of early separation
    from parents or
  • threats of separation, fear of abandonment, are
    more likely to be
  • depressed and have lower self-esteem.
  • Children enmeshed with their parents have lower
    self-esteem.
  • Suicidal children have a poor self-image or poor
    sense of
  • themselves and often see themselves as bad or
    hateful or the
  • cause of family problems and feel the family
    would be better
  • off if they were out of the way through suicide.

13
Suicidal Behaviour
  • Chronic stress erodes self-esteem and leads to a
    sense of
  • hopelessness and then depression and suicidal
    ideas.

14
Hopelessness and Self-esteem
  • Suicidal children show considerable hopelessness,
    depression,
  • low self-esteem, negative self evaluation,
    insomnia, decreased
  • concentration, indecisiveness, lack of reactivity
    of mood, social
  • withdrawal, irritability, temper tantrums, low
    energy, and school
  • work not done.

15
  • Lack of confidentiality about a childs problems
    in school will lead
  • to a devastating fall in self-esteem.
  • Breakdown of relationships lowers self-esteem
    often critically.
  • Adolescent conflicts, identity diffusion, body
    image problems can all
  • interfere with self-esteem.
  • Unpopular boys and girls clearly have lower
    self-esteem and a
  • much increased risk of suicidal behaviour.

16
Fathers of Suicide Attempters
  • Low self-esteem.
  • More depression.
  • More alcohol abuse.

17
  • Bullying Ireland versus Norway

18
  • Floccinaucinihilipilification the action or
    habit of estimating as
  • worthless.
  • Persons with low self-esteem are negative about
    themselves and
  • about everything.

19
Adolescents
  • Falling behind not suceeding
  • Academically.
  • Sports.
  • Relationships (ASP or ADHD).
  • Teasing, bullying, ostracisation.

20
Family Profile of Members who attempt Suicide
  • Many members have low self-esteem.
  • Poor family self-image.
  • Isolated families.
  • Inflexible family style.
  • Much family depression.

21
Family Profile of Members who attempt Suicide
  • Much family conflict.
  • Much familyhopelessness.
  • Much family aggression.
  • Very poor family communication.
  • Chaotic or authoritarian parenting.

22
Family Profile of Members who attempt Suicide
  • Poor individuation of family members i.e. each
    member does not have a separate, self-image or
    identity.
  • High negative expressed emotions leading to low
    self-esteem and stunting of emotional growth.
  • Low levels of warmth and empathy.

23
Family Profile of Members who attempt Suicide
  • Children idealisation of parents and turn
    negative feeling and hatred on themselves lower
    self-esteem even further.
  • Self-blame by children for family problems
    further lowering self-esteem.
  • Children feel the family would be better off
    without them.

24
Family Summary
  • A lack of generational boundaries.
  • Severe marital conflict.
  • Negative parental feelings projected into the
    child.
  • A symbiotic parent / child relationships.
  • An inflesible family system.
  • Individuals feel and often are out of control.

25
James Joyce
  • Portrait of the artist as a young man school
    method of reduding
  • self-esteem.

26
Undiagnosed ADHD
  • Poor attention and concentration.
  • Poor organisation.
  • Loses things.
  • Distractible.
  • Hyperactive impulsive.

27
Undiagnosed Aspergers syndrome
  • Loner.
  • Eccentric.
  • Bullied.
  • Poor social know-how.

28
Capacity for Self-esteem Regulation
  • Internal dialogue teach.
  • Talking to friends teach social skills.
  • Self-esteem can be enhanced through group work
    and social skills training and problem solving
    skills work.

29
Developing Good Internal Objects
  • Good internal objects lead to good self-esteem.
    Teachers can be
  • part of these internal objects.
  • The enhancement of self-esteem is regarded as a
    pivotal factor in
  • childrens psychological development.
  • A good teacher at times needs a blind eye and a
    deaf ear.

30
Self-esteem Improved By
  • Good peer skills.
  • Sensitive teachers.
  • Sensitive parents.
  • Success of any kind.

31
Self-esteem Improved By
  • Nothing succeeds like success.
  • Sporting or success in any field.
  • Healthy schools.

32
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for negative
    thinking.
  • Negative voices from the past.

33
  • The aim of treatment is to modify the childs
    negative perception of
  • themselves and to increase self-esteem.
  • Trust is critical.
  • The childs view of the world as hopeless has to
    be challenged but
  • one has to be honest with the patient and
    consistent in ones
  • actions and statements. Children are more at
    risk of suicidal
  • behaviour when they have experienced a loss,
    where their self-
  • esteem has fallen, where they feel themselves out
    of control, and
  • feel their school life is out of control.

34
Therapy for Low Self-esteem
  • Self-monitoring.
  • Identifying negative thoughts and feelings.
  • Learning how to control these internal critical
    attitudes.
  • Exercises to practice newly acquired skills.

35
  • Adolescent gang activity way of increasing
    self-esteem.
  • James joyce group re-grouped after beating and
    went to headmaster.
  • Youth culture can play a protective role acting
    as a source of self-esteem and playing a critical
    part in the development of self-identity.

36
Criticisms of the Self-esteem Movement
  • Boosting peoples sense of self-worth has become
    a national
  • preoccupation. Yet surprisingly research shows
    that such efforts
  • are of little value in fostering academic
    progress or preventing
  • undesirable behaviour.
  • Scientific Americian, January 2005.

37
Criticisms of the Self-esteem Movement
  • Vasconcellos a Californian politician claimed
    that raising self-
  • esteem in young people would reduce crime, teen
    pregnancy, drug
  • abuse, school under achievement, pollution, and
    balance the
  • state budget i.e. persons with high self-esteem
    earn more money
  • and pay more taxes.

38
Criticisms of the Self-esteem Movement
  • Some findings even suggest that artificially
    boosting self-esteem
  • may lower subsequent academic performance. Dont
    forget the
  • 3 Rs back to basics.
  • Scientific American, January 2005.

39
Criticisms of the Self-esteem Movement
  • Two groups of students studied. One group were
    told that their
  • grades were very good and their self-esteem was
    boosted.
  • A second group got a message instilling a sense
    of personal
  • responsibility for their academic performance.
  • The group whose self-esteem was boosted dropped
    their grades by
  • 50 while those who were told that it was their
    responsibility to
  • get better grades improved their grades.

40
Criticisms of the Self-esteem Movement
  • Persons with high self-esteem are less inhibited,
    more willing to
  • disregard risks and more prone to engage in sex.
    At the same time
  • bad sexual experiences and unwanted pregnancies
    appear to lower
  • self-esteem.
  • A study of 2000 students in New Zealand found no
    correlation
  • between self-esteem measured between the ages of
    9 and 13 and
  • drinking or drug use at 15.

41
Genuine Finding
  • People with high self-esteem tend to show more
    initiative and
  • appear to be significantly happier than others.

42
  • Bullies, contrary to popular perception, do not
    typically suffer from
  • low self-esteem. Neither do those who become
    sexually active at
  • an early age, nor do those prone to abusing
    alcohol or illicit drugs.

43
  • Raising self-esteem is not likely to boost
    performance in school or
  • on the job.

44
  • Low self-esteem can contribute to illicit drug
    use. Declining levels
  • of academic motivation cause self-esteem to drop,
    which in turn
  • led to marijuana use.
  • Thrill seeking or novelty seeking are factors in
    drinking and drug
  • abuse.
  • Any theory which explains everything like
    self-esteem explains
  • nothing.

45
  • When self-esteem measured by external raters high
    self-esteem was associated with ability to
    initiate new social contacts and friendships.
  • It was not associated by them being better at
    asserting themselves and response to objectional
    behaviours by others and they were also not
    better at providing emotional support and even
    better at managing interpersonal conflicts.

46
  • Former teachers didnt always spend their time
    building self-
  • esteem and spent it encouraging personal
    responsibility and
  • performing better. They werent all wrong.
  • Dont throw the baby out with the bath water.

47
  • Many geniuses that I studied experienced low
    self-esteem and it
  • didnt prevent them from producing creative work
    of genius.

48
  • It is probably negative for schools to boost
    self-esteem at the
  • expense of good teaching.
  • Self-esteem junkies.
  • No link between physical attractiveness and
    measures of self-
  • esteem.

49
  • Controversies in the self-esteem arena.
  • Back to basics.
  • Nothing succeeds like success.
  • Giving children meaningful success experiences.

50
  • Praise has to be earned. Praise is only
    effective when it is given
  • for genuine achievement. For a child with
    special needs this may
  • be a very small improvement but is nevertheless
    real.
  • Praise given willy-nilly is not helpful and is
    probably damaging.
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