KINGDOM PROTISTA Conglomerate of organisms which do not fit

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KINGDOM PROTISTA

• Conglomerate of organisms which do not fit into
  other 4 Kingdoms

• Moneran (bacteria), Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

• Much more complicated than Monerans

• They represent the intermediate step in the
  evolution of the other three kingdoms

• Protozoan is the Greek word for first animal

• Contains about 65,000 species

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KINGDOM PROTISTA

• Made up of a complex eukaryotic cell
  (unicellular) or cells (multicellular)

• Eukaryotes have cellular organelles, and
  prokaryotes (bacteria) do not

One (single)
More than one (many)

• Kingdom has organisms that demonstrate both
  animal and plant-like characteristics

• Some members make their own food (________)

autotrophs
heterotrophs

• Some ingest food from outside (____________)

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KINGDOM PROTISTA

• Organisms separated based on feeding behaviors

Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
amoeboidsciliateszooflagellatessporozoansplasm
odial slime moldscellular slime moldswater molds
green algaebrown algaered algaediatomsdinoflag
ellateseuglenoids
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• All Protozoa can reproduce asexually

• One parent for reproduction

• Called binary fission

• During binary fission, one protozoan cell divides
  into two identical individuals.

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KINGDOM PROTISTA

• Inhabit aquatic (______) areas and terrestrial
  (_____) areas

water
land

• Protists are classified into 12 Phyla which can
  be placed into 3 main groups

plant-like
fungus-like
animal-like
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Animal-like protists

• All heterotrophs

• classified by the 4 ways they move

1) Cilia -
tiny beating hair-like structures

• Coordinated movement between individual cilia

2) Flagellum(a) -
whip-like tail(s)

• Back and forth wave motion

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Animal-like protists

• classified by the 4 ways they move

3) Pseudopodia -
projection of cytoplasm that sticks out like a
foot (false foot)
4) Sessile -
No locomotion (_________)
movement
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Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba

• just visible to the naked eye

• comes from the Greek word amoibe which means
  change

• unicellular

• moves by pseudopodia which give appearance of
  cell changing size and shape

• aquatic - lives in ponds, ditches or slowly
  moving streams

• can cause disease amoebic dysentery

• ingests small organisms like bacteria and other
  protozoans

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Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba

• feeding sequence

• psuedopodia surround and engulf food particle

• process called phagocytosis

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Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium

• Unicellular, slipper-shaped

• move by coordinated beating of many cilia

• aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams

• usually do not cause diseases in humans

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Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued

• Feeding occurs in the funnel-shaped gullet
  (buccal cavity) where food is drawn in by
  external and internal cilia to form food vacuole

• ingests organic detritus and other small
  organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

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Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued

• Food to waste pathway

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Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued

• Reproduction

1. Binary fission (________)
asexual
nucleus
N
F
Fission plane
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Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued

• Reproduction

2. Conjugation (________)
sexual

• Form structure called conjugation tube to
  exchange genetic material

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Animal-like protists The Sporozoan
Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like)

• Sporozoa do not move on their own

• mostly common in tropical areas

• protist that reproduce by forming spores

• they are usually parasitic

• sporozoans named Plasmodium causes malaria

• its caused by female mosquitos

• humans get malaria when bitten by an infected
  mosquito

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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST

• Have chlorophyll

• Make their own food

• They can live in 4 main environments

• soil

• freshwater

• tree bark

• salt water

• they produce large amounts of oxygen which are
  used by other living organisms

• they are grouped according to color stucture

• into 5 main groups

2) diatoms
3) dinoflagelletes
1) euglena
5) algae
4) red dinoflagellates
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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd

• they are grouped according to color stucture

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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
A) Euglena-

• one celled alga that moves with one flagellum

• lives in fresh water

• reproduces asexually

• red eyespot near front end to find lightWhy?

• have chlorophyll and can make their own food (
  )

autotroph
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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
A) Euglena Continued-
contains disk-shaped chloroplasts

• organelle is the site of photosynthesis and gets
  its name from the presence of the green pigments
  (the chlorophylls)

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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
B) Diatom

• beautiful one celled protists

• come in many shapes

• EX boats, rods, disks, triangles

• important food source for water dwelling animals

• cell covering is made up of 2 overlapping parts

• made of the same material as glass

• cell coverings do not decay (when dead)

• used for toothpaste, scouring powders, filters

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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd

• Algae that is usually found in oceans

• Usually brown or red in color

• Have hidden chlorophyll due to dark pigments

• Move by two flagella

• Read Highlight hand-out on Dinoflagellates

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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd

• produce large numbers which turns the ocean red

• responsible for red tides

• produce chemicals that kill thousands of fish

• humans can become ill if they eat shell fish that
  have absorbed these chemicals

• common off the coast of Florida or other warmer
  areas

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? Red Tide ?
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? Red Tide Kills Fish ?
After encountering and absorbing a red tide..a
stingray becomes disoriented. They have the
appearance of not being able to see or control
what they are doing. Eventually the ray will stay
at the surface lying horizontally and die.
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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
E) Green Algae

• Come in many different forms

• can be unicellular or multicellular

• they produce O2 in H2O

• serve as food for fish, snails, and crayfish

• usually found in colonies

• Colony a group of cells that live together

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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
Algae Examples

• EX volvox colony

• Arranged in a single layer with flagella facing
  outward

• The flagella beat and the colony spins through
  the water

• EX Kelp (brown algae) aka.sea weed

• used by humans for food

• also used to thicken food such as ice cream and
  jelly

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Mixed Algae
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FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Slime Molds

• fungus-like protists that are consumers

• live in cool, damp places EX forest floor

• feed on bacteria growing on rotting logs and
  decaying leaves

• some are parasites (very few)

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FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Life Cycle of Slime Molds
Step 1 slimy mass that moves like an amoeba

• beautiful colors of red, yellow, or violet

Step 2 stops growing and moving

• produces spores inside a structure on a stalk

Step 3 spores develop into little cells w/
flagella

• then each cell loses its flagella and grows into
  a slimy mass again

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1
3
2
Life Cycle of Slime Mold
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Directions Write out highlight the following
questions
1) List the three main (groups) types of
protists?
2) Give two examples of animal-like protists.
3) What are sporozoans? Give one example.
4) List the 3 structures protozoan use for
locomotion.
5) List 5 plant-like protists?
6) Why are algae important?
7) Explain why red tides occur and what causes
them.