Title: KINGDOM PROTISTA Conglomerate of organisms which do not fit
1KINGDOM PROTISTA
- Conglomerate of organisms which do not fit into
other 4 Kingdoms
- Moneran (bacteria), Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
- Much more complicated than Monerans
- They represent the intermediate step in the
evolution of the other three kingdoms
- Protozoan is the Greek word for first animal
- Contains about 65,000 species
2KINGDOM PROTISTA
- Made up of a complex eukaryotic cell
(unicellular) or cells (multicellular)
- Eukaryotes have cellular organelles, and
prokaryotes (bacteria) do not
One (single)
More than one (many)
- Kingdom has organisms that demonstrate both
animal and plant-like characteristics
- Some members make their own food (________)
autotrophs
heterotrophs
- Some ingest food from outside (____________)
3KINGDOM PROTISTA
- Organisms separated based on feeding behaviors
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
amoeboidsciliateszooflagellatessporozoansplasm
odial slime moldscellular slime moldswater molds
green algaebrown algaered algaediatomsdinoflag
ellateseuglenoids
4- All Protozoa can reproduce asexually
- One parent for reproduction
- During binary fission, one protozoan cell divides
into two identical individuals.
5KINGDOM PROTISTA
- Inhabit aquatic (______) areas and terrestrial
(_____) areas
water
land
- Protists are classified into 12 Phyla which can
be placed into 3 main groups
plant-like
fungus-like
animal-like
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7Animal-like protists
- classified by the 4 ways they move
1) Cilia -
tiny beating hair-like structures
- Coordinated movement between individual cilia
2) Flagellum(a) -
whip-like tail(s)
- Back and forth wave motion
8Animal-like protists
- classified by the 4 ways they move
3) Pseudopodia -
projection of cytoplasm that sticks out like a
foot (false foot)
4) Sessile -
No locomotion (_________)
movement
9Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba
- just visible to the naked eye
- comes from the Greek word amoibe which means
change
- moves by pseudopodia which give appearance of
cell changing size and shape
- aquatic - lives in ponds, ditches or slowly
moving streams
- can cause disease amoebic dysentery
- ingests small organisms like bacteria and other
protozoans
10Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba
- psuedopodia surround and engulf food particle
- process called phagocytosis
11Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium
- Unicellular, slipper-shaped
- move by coordinated beating of many cilia
- aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams
- usually do not cause diseases in humans
12Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
- Feeding occurs in the funnel-shaped gullet
(buccal cavity) where food is drawn in by
external and internal cilia to form food vacuole
- ingests organic detritus and other small
organisms like bacteria and other protozoans
13Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
14Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
1. Binary fission (________)
asexual
nucleus
N
F
Fission plane
15Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
2. Conjugation (________)
sexual
- Form structure called conjugation tube to
exchange genetic material
16Animal-like protists The Sporozoan
Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like)
- Sporozoa do not move on their own
- mostly common in tropical areas
- protist that reproduce by forming spores
- they are usually parasitic
- sporozoans named Plasmodium causes malaria
- its caused by female mosquitos
- humans get malaria when bitten by an infected
mosquito
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18PLANT-LIKE PROTIST
- They can live in 4 main environments
- they produce large amounts of oxygen which are
used by other living organisms
- they are grouped according to color stucture
2) diatoms
3) dinoflagelletes
1) euglena
5) algae
4) red dinoflagellates
19PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
- they are grouped according to color stucture
20PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
A) Euglena-
- one celled alga that moves with one flagellum
- red eyespot near front end to find lightWhy?
- have chlorophyll and can make their own food (
)
autotroph
21PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
A) Euglena Continued-
contains disk-shaped chloroplasts
- organelle is the site of photosynthesis and gets
its name from the presence of the green pigments
(the chlorophylls)
22PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
B) Diatom
- beautiful one celled protists
- EX boats, rods, disks, triangles
- important food source for water dwelling animals
- cell covering is made up of 2 overlapping parts
- made of the same material as glass
- cell coverings do not decay (when dead)
- used for toothpaste, scouring powders, filters
23PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
- Algae that is usually found in oceans
- Usually brown or red in color
- Have hidden chlorophyll due to dark pigments
- Read Highlight hand-out on Dinoflagellates
24PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
- produce large numbers which turns the ocean red
- responsible for red tides
- produce chemicals that kill thousands of fish
- humans can become ill if they eat shell fish that
have absorbed these chemicals
- common off the coast of Florida or other warmer
areas
25? Red Tide ?
26? Red Tide Kills Fish ?
After encountering and absorbing a red tide..a
stingray becomes disoriented. They have the
appearance of not being able to see or control
what they are doing. Eventually the ray will stay
at the surface lying horizontally and die.
27PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
E) Green Algae
- Come in many different forms
- can be unicellular or multicellular
- serve as food for fish, snails, and crayfish
- usually found in colonies
- Colony a group of cells that live together
28PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Contd
Algae Examples
- Arranged in a single layer with flagella facing
outward
- The flagella beat and the colony spins through
the water
- EX Kelp (brown algae) aka.sea weed
- also used to thicken food such as ice cream and
jelly
29Mixed Algae
30FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Slime Molds
- fungus-like protists that are consumers
- live in cool, damp places EX forest floor
- feed on bacteria growing on rotting logs and
decaying leaves
- some are parasites (very few)
31FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Life Cycle of Slime Molds
Step 1 slimy mass that moves like an amoeba
- beautiful colors of red, yellow, or violet
Step 2 stops growing and moving
- produces spores inside a structure on a stalk
Step 3 spores develop into little cells w/
flagella
- then each cell loses its flagella and grows into
a slimy mass again
321
3
2
Life Cycle of Slime Mold
33Directions Write out highlight the following
questions
1) List the three main (groups) types of
protists?
2) Give two examples of animal-like protists.
3) What are sporozoans? Give one example.
4) List the 3 structures protozoan use for
locomotion.
5) List 5 plant-like protists?
6) Why are algae important?
7) Explain why red tides occur and what causes
them.