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Emergency Veterinary Care

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Emergency Veterinary Care LAT Chapter 12 LAT Presentations Study Tips If viewing this in PowerPoint, use the icon to run the show. Mac users go to Slide Show ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Emergency Veterinary Care


1
Emergency Veterinary Care
  • LAT Chapter 12

2
LAT Presentations Study Tips
  • If viewing this in PowerPoint, use the
    icon to run the show.
  • Mac users go to Slide Show gt View Show in menu
    bar
  • Click on the Audio icon when it appears
    on the left of the slide to hear the narration.
  • From File gt Print in the menu bar, choose
    notes pages, slides 3 per page or outline
    view for taking notes as you listen and watch
    the presentation.
  • Start your own notebook with a 3 ring binder, for
    later study!

3
Introduction
  • Laboratory animal technicians will bring the
    emergency situation to the attention of the
    veterinarian or supervisor.
  • They are also the ones who, under the direction
    of the veterinarian, may carry out the emergency
    procedures.
  • The basic steps for dealing with emergency
    situations should be mastered by laboratory
    animal technicians.

4
Surgical Emergency Procedures
  • Anesthetic Emergencies
  • Cardiac or respiratory arrest gt open an airway
    to facilitate administration of oxygen.
  • Rabbits and larger, this is often accomplished by
    inserting endotracheal tube into the trachea.
  • Placement of an endotracheal tube intubation.
  • Laryngoscope is a flat blade with a light on the
    end.
  • The blade depresses the tongue and the light
    illuminates the posterior pharynx and the
    laryngeal opening.
  • Antagonist - counteracts the effects of the
    anesthetic in the event of accidental overdosing
    or complications during the surgical procedure.
  • Know which antagonist works best with anesthetic
    being used, and have antagonist available for
    emergency.

5
Intubation 1 of 5
6
Intubation 2 of 5
7
Intubation 3 of 5
8
Intubation 4 of 5
9
Intubation 5 of 5
10
Post-Surgical Complications
  • Monitor closely for gt five days.
  • includes body temperature, appetite, and
    urination and defecation.
  • watch for bleeding, dehiscence, redness, swelling
    or discharge.
  • observe for self-trauma, licking or chewing the
    wound or sutures.
  • record observations in a log book or individual
    record.
  • Shock is a life-threatening emergency.
  • peripheral circulation fails either because of
    excessive fluid loss or loss of circulatory
    control.
  • signs - pale gums, clammy or cold skin, lt bp,
    rapid weak pulse, decreased respiration,
    restless, anxious, dazed, or unconscious
  • Treatment of shock varies with severity
  • 1. Keep the patient quiet and warm (not hot).
  • 2. Administer intravenous fluids.
  • 3. Administer antibiotics.

11
Shock
12
Nonsurgical Emergencies
  • Serious Illness
  • Bacterial, viral, and parasitic disease can be
    life-threatening.
  • Respiratory problem gt pneumonia overnight.
  • Observant animal technicians can detect
    respiratory problems in their early stages and
    bring them to the attention of the facility
    veterinarian before they become more serious
    problems.
  • Animal may be treated with antibiotics and
    supportive therapy, or may be euthanized.
  • Seriously ill animals may require fluids and
    supplemental nutrition, heat, or oxygen.

13
Check Heartbeat Respiration
14
Dystocia
  • Dystocia non-productive, painful labor
  • Large pregnant animals, check at least twice
    daily near the end of gestation period.
  • Once in labor, check as often and as quietly as
    possible.
  • Have an idea of how long animal has been having
    contractions.
  • Most animals deliver at night or early in the
    morning.
  • Dystocia or uterine inertia treated with various
    contraction-stimulating drugs.
  • Cesarean section performed if drug therapy
    contraindicated or ineffective.

Neonatal mini-pigs under a heat lamp
15
Injuries from Fighting
  • Separate combatants immediately.
  • Cats, dogs, pigs and monkeys can inflict severe
    injuries and on anyone who attempts to intervene.
  • Place physical barriers between combatants, or
    splash a bucket of cold water on them to end a
    severe fight.
  • Injuries include internal injuries, lacerations,
    puncture wounds, torn ears, and broken or
    amputated limbs.
  • Lacerations should be cleaned, damaged tissue
    excised (debrided), and the wound sutured.
  • Puncture wounds probed to remove hair and dirt.
  • Keep puncture wounds open for drainage,
    antibiotic therapy should be given at this time.
  • Amputations require first aid to stop
    hemorrhaging, followed by debridement and
    suturing.

16
Trapped Animals
A trapped muzzle?
  • A common mechanical emergency, especially among
    dogs and monkeys, is a trapped paw.
  • Rodent limbs or tails become trapped in a cage
    floor or feeder.
  • Sometimes the application of some lubricant to
    the area is all that is necessary to free the
    animal.
  • A large screwdriver or crowbar can often be used
    as a pry bar to aid releasing a trapped
    appendage.
  • Cage bars may need to be cut in order to free an
    animal.
  • Since most cages are made of heavy gauge
    stainless steel, a heavy duty bolt cutter may be
    required.
  • Animal may be frightened or in pain and difficult
    to handle gt anesthetize in order to be released.

17
Flooded Cages
  • Due to automatic watering system problems or
    water bottles leak
  • Guinea pigs have a tendency to play with their
    watering valves and stuff food into them gt valve
    leakage.
  • Problem can be prevented by using cages that have
    flanges which direct water leakage out of the
    cage.
  • If flooding occurs, it must be corrected before
    the cage fills and drowns the animals.
  • Soaked animals should be dried, placed in dry
    bedding, and provided with supplemental heat
    until they regain a normal appearance.

18
Poisonings
  • Poisoning rarely occurs in an animal facility
    but could if animals were subjected to
    insecticide and disinfectant dips.
  • Majority of poisoning cases occur in the
    receiving or quarantine areas of the facility,
    when newly arrived dogs and cats are dipped or
    treated for external parasites.
  • For contact poisons, the first line of treatment
    is to flush the animal with water or give it a
    soap and water bath to remove as much of the
    poison as possible.
  • Technicians should wear waterproof gloves during
    this procedure.

19
The Emergency Cart
  • Prepare emergency cart in anticipation of
    emergencies
  • Have drugs, equipment, dosage lists and SOPs
    possibly needed.
  • Check supplies and replace with new items to
    ensure that expired drugs, deteriorated tubing,
    syringes, or other materials dont interfere with
    emergency care.
  • Cover container of stored equipment with a easily
    torn tape such as masking tape.
  • Tape a place for initials along with date of most
    recent refilling.
  • In an emergency, tape can be quickly and easily
    removed.
  • For a complete list of the equipment, drugs, and
    supplies needed for an emergency cart see
    Fundamental Techniques in Veterinary Surgery,
    listed in the Additional Reading section below.

20
The Emergency Cart
21
Facility Emergency Plan
  • For use during natural disasters such as floods,
    hurricanes, tornados and earthquakes
  • A written SOP outlining
  • responsibilities of each member of the animal
    facility staff
  • location of flashlights, first-aid kits and other
    emergency equipment
  • a designated meeting place for all personnel
  • Review plan annually.

22
Additional Reading
  • 1. Kirk, R.W. and Bistner, S.I. Handbook of
    Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment,
    6th Ed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1995.
  • 2. Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and
    Distress in Laboratory Animals, National Research
    Council, National Academy Press, 1992.
  • 3. Knecht, C.D. et al. Fundamental Techniques in
    Veterinary Surgery, 3rd Ed. W.B. Saunders,
    Philadelphia, PA, 1987.
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