WIRELESS SENSER NETWORK

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• A
• PRESENTATION
• ON

WIRELESS SENSER NETWORK
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Introduction ToWireless Sensor Networks
OUTLINE

• Introduction
• Sensor Node
• Communication Network topologies
• Applications of sensor networks
• Factors influencing sensor network design
• Conclusion

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DEFINITION

• A wireless sensor network is a collection of
  nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each
  node consists of processing capability may
  contain multiple types of memory have an RF
  transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries
  and solar cells), and accommodate various
  sensors.

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• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
• Highly distributed networks of small, lightweight
  wireless nodes,
• Deployed in large numbers,
• Monitors the environment or system by measuring
  physical parameters such as temperature,
  pressure, humidity.
• Node
• sensing processing communication

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SENSOR NODE

• Networks of typically small, battery-powered,
  wireless devices.
• On-board processing,
• Communication, and
• Sensing capabilities. In addition to one or more
  sensors, each node in a sensor network is
  typically equipped with a radio transceiver or
  other wireless communications device, a small
  microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a
  battery.

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SENSER NODES
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SENSER NETWORK
Server
Sensor field
Gateway
Internet
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SENSER NETWORK
Server
Watershed
Sensor field
Gateway
Internet
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COMMUNICATION NETWORK

• A communication network is composed of nodes,
  each of which has computing power and can
  transmit and receive messages over communication
  links, wireless or cabled.
• A single network may consist of several
  interconnected subnets of different topologies.

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BASIC NETWORK TOPOLIGES

• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Bus Topology
• Tree Topology
• Fully Connected Networks
• Mesh Networks

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STAR TOPOLOGY

• All nodes of the star topology are connected to a
  single hub node. The hub requires greater message
  handling, routing, And decision-making
  capabilities than the other nodes. If a
  communication link is cut, it only affects one
  node. However, if the hub is incapacitated the
  network is destroyed.

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RING TOPOLOGY

• In the ring topology all nodes perform the same
  function and there is no leader node. Messages
  generally travel around the ring in a single
  direction.
• However, if the ring is cut, all communication is
  lost.

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BUS TOPOLOGY

• In the bus topology, messages are broadcast on
  the bus to all nodes. Each node checks the
  destination address in the message header, and
  processes the messages addressed to it.

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TREE TOPOLOGY

• In Tree Topology there will be a root node and
  the root node has two branches. Each branch may
  again contains branches and so on.

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FULLY CONNECTED NETWORK

• In a fully connected Network when additional node
  are added, the number of links increases
  exponentially.

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MESH NETWORK
Mesh networks are regularly distributed networks
that generally allow transmission only to a
nodes nearest neighbors. The nodes in these
networks are generally identical.
Mesh nets can be good models for large-scale
networks of wireless sensors that are distributed
over a geographic region.
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APPLICATION OF SENSER NETWORK
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APPLICATION OF SENSER NETWORK

• Military applications
• Monitoring friendly forces, equipment and
  ammunition
• Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
• Battlefield surveillance
• Battle damage assessment
• Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection

• Environmental applications
• Forest fire detection
• Biocomplexity mapping of the environment
• Flood detection
• Precision agriculture

• Health applications
• Tele-monitoring of human physiological data
• Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors
  inside a hospital
• Drug administration in hospitals

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FACTORS INFLUECING SENSER NETWORK DESIGN

• Fault Tolerance
• Scalability
• Hardware Constrains
• Sensor Network Topology
• Environment
• Transmission Media
• Power Consumption

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Fault tolerance Fault tolerance is the ability to
sustain sensor network functionalities without
any interruption due to sensor node failures.The
fault tolerance level depends on the application
of the sensor networks.
Scalability Scalability measures the
density of the sensor nodes. Density (R)
(N R2)/A R Radio Transmission Range
Production costs The cost of a single node
is very important to justify the overall cost of
the networks. The cost of a sensor node is a very
challenging issue given the amount of
functionalities with a price of much less than a
dollar.
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H A R D W A R
E CONSTRAINTS
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• Transmission media
• In a multihop sensor network, communicating
  nodes are linked by a wireless medium. To enable
  global operation, the chosen transmission medium
  must be available worldwide.
• Radio
• infrared
• optical media

• Power Consumption
• Sensing
• Communication
• Data processing

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• Sensor network topology
• Pre-deployment and deployment phase
• Post-deployment phase
• Re-deployment of additional nodes phase

• Environment
• Busy intersections
• Interior of a large machinery
• Bottom of an ocean
• Surface of an ocean during a tornado
• Biologically or chemically contaminated field
• Battlefield beyond the enemy lines
• Home or a large building
• Large warehouse
• Animals
• Fast moving vehicles
• Drain or river moving with current.

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A P P L I C A T I
O N S

• MIT d'Arbeloff Lab The ring sensor
• Monitors the physiological status of the wearer
  and transmits the information to the medical
  professional over the Internet
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory
• Nose-on-a-chip is a MEMS-based sensor
• It can detect 400 species of gases and transmit a
  signal indicating the level to a central control
  station

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I BUTTON

• A 16 mm computer chip armored in a stainless
  steel can.
• Up-to-date information can travel with a person
  or object.
• Types of i-Button
• Memory Button
• Java Powered Cryptographic iButton
• Thermochron iButton

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I BUTTON APPLICATION

• Caregivers Assistance
• Do not need to keep a bunch of keys. Only one
  iButton will do the work
• Elder Assistance
• They do not need to enter all their personal
  information again and again. Only one touch of
  iButton is sufficient
• They can enter their ATM card information and PIN
  with iButton
• Vending Machine Operation Assistance

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I BADGE- UCLA

• Investigate behavior of children/patient
• Features
• Speech recording / replaying
• Position detection
• Direction detection / estimation(compass)
• Weather data Temperature, Humidity, Pressure,
  Light

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CONCLUSION

• Sensor node
• Network topologies
• Applications of sensor networks
• Factors influencing sensor network design

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Q U E R
Y
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THANKS TO ALL
OF YOU
Presented By- KAVITA LEGHA
ECE, VIIIth Sem

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Q U E R Y