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Title: JAXAs Perspectives, Interests and Plans for Space Exploration Session 1 Human Exploration Objectives


1
JAXAs Perspectives, Interests and Plans for
Space ExplorationSession 1Human Exploration
Objectives, Strategy, and ArchitectureNASA
International Workshop on Creating New and
Sustainable Space Exploration November 17, 2004
  • Akira KOSAKA
  • Deputy Manager
  • International Relations Division
  • Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

2
JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (1/4)
  • 1) Perspectives
  • We express our respects for US Presidents
    leadership and USs frontier spirit to promote
    long-term manned space exploration program.
  • We recognize that the Vision will have a great
    influence on world-wide space activities, and
    that this vision is a very significant initiative
    to become a common goal of humankind.

3
JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (2/4)
  • 1) Perspectives (Contd)
  • We promote aggressively the Moon and Mars
    exploration missions, which give dreams, hopes
    and pride and bring new information and knowledge
    to humankind.
  • We expect synergistic effect by promoting
    international cooperation with other partners in
    addition to conducting our own missions

4
JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (3/4)
  • 2) Interests
  • Cooperation based on the Existing Projects such
    as SELENE
  • Cooperation as Future Plan, based on JAXAs
    Long-Term Vision
  • Considering long-term future vision at JAXA
  • Domestic coordination with the related
    organizations later on
  • In parallel, consultation on the possibility of
    cooperation in the U.S. New Vision, including
    cooperation based on the existing and possible
    JAXAs capabilities
  • - Robotics
  • - Space Transportation System
  • - Astronaut
  • - Planetary Mission

5
JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (4/4)
  • 2) Interests (Contd)
  • 3. Utilization of ISS Program
  • Expecting to use of technologies accumulated
    through the ISS Program and to evolve them (e.g.
    the derivative version of the HTV, Astronauts)
  • To use of ISS infrastructure for the projects of
    New Vision
  • For that purpose, necessary to implement the ISS
    Program securely

6
Q1. Lessons Learns from ISS (1/2)
  • We had faced many troubles such as frequent
    restructuring since ISS is large-scale and
    long-term complicated project, but we could
    overcome them with cooperation and understanding
    by partners.
  • We learned that the followings are
    desirable
  • - Sufficient friendly communication like
    in ISS program
  • - Understanding of tolerance for different
    culture
  • - Robust program
  • - Less single-point (e.g. Space Shuttle for
    ISS)
  • - Simple decision-making framework
  • - Less influence to participating partners
    in case of program change
  • We had faced many troubles such as frequent
    restructuring since ISS is large-scale and
    long-term complicated project, but we could
    overcome them with
  • We consider that ISS should be promoted steadily
    by participating agencies in cooperation each
    other, which bring us many precious results, and
    we also think the success in ISS is fundamental
    for us to proceed new international projects.

7
Q1. Lessons Learns from ISS (2/2)
  • We recognize the importance of leveraging and
    enlarging our experience, know-how and technology
    brought by ISS. It is important and necessary
    that we should share the ISS program as an
    experience of success.

8
Q23. JAXAs Strategies, Objectives and Driving
Rationales for Future Human Space Exploration
  • Strategies
  • To continue manned space program through the
    participation in the ISS program
  • To conduct fundamental RD with a long-term view
    of enabling to start original manned space
    program
  • Objectives/Driving Rationales
  • To create the knowledge and to make sustainable
    development of humankind
  • Space exploration giving dreams to the people
  • Space Utilization providing knowledge and
    information
  • Harmonization of the humankind activities with
    the global environment with the view from space
  • Expansion of the field of human activities in
    space

9
Q45. Timetable of JAXAs Plans and Status
2005 2010
2015
ISS
Centrifuge
JEM
HTV
Conceptual
SELENE Series
Moon
SELENE
Solar Sail
LUNAR-A (Under Review)
Conceptual
Venus Balloon
Hayabusa (2003- ) Asteroid Sample Return
Conceptual
PLANET-C Venus
Nozomi (1998) Mars
Other Planets
Akebono GEOTAIL
BepiColombo Mercury
SCOPE Earth
Hinotori Yohkoh
SOLAR-B
Reconsider JAXA Vision
10
Q6. Relation of JAXAs Robotic Exploration Plan
to Interests and Objectives in Human Exploration
  • To be defined in JAXAs long-term Vision
  • Conducting related technologies RD as innovative
    studies of space technologies

11
Q7. Relation of US Vision for Space Exploration
to JAXAs Plans and Interests
  • We will make decision on whether, how and what we
    will participation in US New Vision, based on our
    long-term goals/plans and technology strategy, to
    be developed based on the Japanese Basic
    Strategy, in the fields of manned space
    activities and space science research.
  • Items to be considered
  • Clear significance of participation
  • Effective utilization of Japanese technology in
    which Japan has originality and superiority
  • Flexible response to program modification
  • Appropriate roles of Japan in the international
    collaborative program

12
Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies (1/3)
JAPANS LUNAR / INTERPLANETARY EXPLORATION
Sakigake/1985, Suisei/1985 Halleys Comet
Flyby Hiten/1990, LUNAR-A, SELENE/2006 Lunar
Explorations Nozomi/1998 Mars Orbiter
(Orbital Insertion Failed) Hayabusa/2003
Asteroid Sample Return PLANET-C/2008
Venus Orbiter Bepi Columbo/2012 Mercury
Orbiter
JAPANS ORBITAL OBSERVATORIES
X-ray Hakucho(1984), Tenma(1983), Ginga(1987),
Asca(1993), ASTRO-EII(2005) Hinotori(1981),
Yoko(1991), SOLAR-B(2006), NeXT,
JASMINE(proposed) Infrared ASTRO-F(2005),
SPICA(proposed) Radio Haruka(1998),
VSOP-2(proposed)
Innovative Systems for Deep Space Missions
Underway
Electric Propulsion
Solar Sail
Magnet-Plasma Sail
13
Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
Experiment Logistics Module Pressurized Section
(ELM-PS)
JEM KIBO
Centrifuge Accommodation Module (CAM)
Life Science Glovebox (LSG)
  • Japan develops these hardware systems to offset
    the JEM launch services provided by NASA.

Robot Arm(Manipulator)
Pressurized Module (JEM-PM)
Centrifuge Rotor (CR)
Exposed Facility (JEM-EF)
Biological Research Facility (Centrifuge)
Experiment Logistics Module Exposed Section
(ELM-ES)
H-II A Transfer Vehicle (HTV)
  • Launched from Japan using H-IIA heavy lift
    version
  • Cargo transport to the ISS

Japanese Astronaut
Control Center of JEM and HTV
  • Operations of JEM, HTV and ground facilities
  • Astronaut selection, training, skill maintenance,
    and medical care

HTV
HII-A
13
14
Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies (3/3)
Explorations
ISS as Test Bed
JAXA Astronauts 8 Space Flights 7
flights 82 Days (By 4 astronauts) as of 2004
15
Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
  • Innovative Studies of Space Technologies(1/3)
  • 1. Space RoboticsAs un-manned technologies which
    support activities on the Moon and other planets
  • From robotics technologies for on-orbit
    activities to those for the activities on the
    Moon surface
  • Remotely controlled unmanned rendezvous-docking
  • Application of ground robot technology
  • 2. Energy Supplyfor the heat-retention for Moon
    night survival and for the support of the
    activities in permanent shadow zone
  • Rechargeable fuel-buttery
  • Solar power satellite

16
Innovative Studies of Space Technologies
Space Robotics, Space Energy
Polymer Electric Fuel Cell
HTV
JEMRMS
MFD
MUSES-C
Solar Power Satellite
ETS-7
400Wh/kgRegenerative
MUSES-C
Ground Tele-Operation, Rendezvous-Docking,
Asteroid Sample Return
Robot Work in Exploration Utilization
17
Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
  • Innovative Studies of Space Technologies (2/3)
  • Lunar and Planetary Probe
  • for landing and survey anywhere under any
    conditions
  • Obstacle avoidance safe and precise landing
  • Small rover
  • Heat retention in the super-cold Moon night
  • Space Navigationfor efficient large cargo
    transportation between the Earth and the Moon
  • Large Ion Engine

18
Soft Precise landing
Innovative Studies of Space Technology Lunar
Planetary Exploration, Orbital Transportation
  • SELENE Follow on Proposal
  • Transportation between Moon and Earth
  • Electric Propulsion

Safe Precise Landing
Moon Lander Lander for Safe
Precise landing Rover for in Situ
Analysis Energy for Long Period
Exploration
35cm Ion Engine Large Thruster 200mN
19
Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
  • Innovative Studies of Space Technologies (3/3)
  • 5. Space Transportation System
  • Extension of Transportation Capability
  • Evolution of HTV
  • Future Launch Vehicle

20
Innovative Studies of Space Technologies
POSSIBLE EXTENTION OF JAPANS TRANSPORTATION
CAPABILITY
H-IIA Man-Rated
H-IIA Heavy Lifter
Current H-IIA
H-IIA Upgrade
CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE
(ORBITAL/CREW RETURN)
HTV
LUNAR LANDER
REUSABLE LAUNCHER
REUSABLE LAUNCH/LANDING
REENTRY
21
Innovative Studies of Space Technologies
ANTICIPATED EVOLUTION OF HTV (HII Transfer
Vehicle)
INORBIT SERVICE VEHICLE
ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLE
HTV CURRENT DESIGN FOR ISS SUPPORT
FREE FLYER
MAN-RATED plus REENTRY Tech.
CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE
22
Innovative Studies of Space Technologies JAXAs
Technology Maturation Programs For Future Launch
Vehicle
READINESS FOR FUTURE LAUNCH SYSTEM
REUSABLIE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ADVANCED
PROPULSION REENTRY / RETURNING FLIGHT
23
Q9. JAXAs Interest in Lunar Exploration
SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer)
  • a moon-orbiting satellite mission.
  • major objectives
  • To obtain global data for the lunar science and
    activities on the moon.
  • To develop technology for future missions.
  • Global observation by 14 science instruments
    onboard
  • Chemical elements, Mineral,
  • Surface structure, Environment,
  • Gravitational field
  • Earth rise by High definition TV camera
  • Launch H-IIA rocket, FY2006(planned)
  • Main orbiter and two sub-satellites

24
Q9. JAXAs Interest in Lunar Exploration
JAXAs Moon Explorer LUNAR-A
  • Mission
  • Study Lunar Interior by Seismometers
  • Two Penetrators Into the Lunar Surface
  • Nearside Farside
  • Heat-flow Measurement
  • Surface Image from Orbit
  • Summary
  • Payload
  • Two Penetrators
  • LIC for Lunar Surface Image
  • Mission Period 1 year
  • Current Status
  • 3 Years Re-development for More Robust Penetrator
  • Launch is T.B.D

Penetrator f 16cm x 80cm
25
Q10. JAXAs View on Moon Exploration as Testbed
for MarsQ11. JAXAs Interests for Human Presence
on Moon
  • From the following viewpoints described in
    Japans space policies, we have much interests.
  • - Space exploration giving dreams to the
    people
  • - Expansion of the field of human
    activities in space

26
Q12. Research, Testing Demonstrations on ISS
for Future Space Exploration
  • Space Robotics Technology
  • Inspection, Assembly and Repair
  • Refueling
  • Large volume and ultra high-speed data relay
    (communication) technology

Data relay satellite
Work by a space robot (concept)
JEM Inter-orbit Communication System
Space robot research
  • Large structure assembly and deployment technology
  • Data acquisition by and technology demonstration
    of advanced sensors

Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment (EM)
Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (STM)
Large-sized structure assembly(concept)
Large deployable antenna reflectors
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