Title: JAXAs Perspectives, Interests and Plans for Space Exploration Session 1 Human Exploration Objectives
1JAXAs Perspectives, Interests and Plans for
Space ExplorationSession 1Human Exploration
Objectives, Strategy, and ArchitectureNASA
International Workshop on Creating New and
Sustainable Space Exploration November 17, 2004
- Akira KOSAKA
- Deputy Manager
- International Relations Division
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
2JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (1/4)
- 1) Perspectives
- We express our respects for US Presidents
leadership and USs frontier spirit to promote
long-term manned space exploration program. - We recognize that the Vision will have a great
influence on world-wide space activities, and
that this vision is a very significant initiative
to become a common goal of humankind.
3JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (2/4)
- 1) Perspectives (Contd)
- We promote aggressively the Moon and Mars
exploration missions, which give dreams, hopes
and pride and bring new information and knowledge
to humankind. - We expect synergistic effect by promoting
international cooperation with other partners in
addition to conducting our own missions
4JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (3/4)
- 2) Interests
- Cooperation based on the Existing Projects such
as SELENE - Cooperation as Future Plan, based on JAXAs
Long-Term Vision - Considering long-term future vision at JAXA
- Domestic coordination with the related
organizations later on - In parallel, consultation on the possibility of
cooperation in the U.S. New Vision, including
cooperation based on the existing and possible
JAXAs capabilities - - Robotics
- - Space Transportation System
- - Astronaut
- - Planetary Mission
5JAXAs Perspectives and Interests for Space
Exploration (4/4)
- 2) Interests (Contd)
- 3. Utilization of ISS Program
- Expecting to use of technologies accumulated
through the ISS Program and to evolve them (e.g.
the derivative version of the HTV, Astronauts) - To use of ISS infrastructure for the projects of
New Vision - For that purpose, necessary to implement the ISS
Program securely
6Q1. Lessons Learns from ISS (1/2)
- We had faced many troubles such as frequent
restructuring since ISS is large-scale and
long-term complicated project, but we could
overcome them with cooperation and understanding
by partners. - We learned that the followings are
desirable - - Sufficient friendly communication like
in ISS program - - Understanding of tolerance for different
culture - - Robust program
- - Less single-point (e.g. Space Shuttle for
ISS) - - Simple decision-making framework
- - Less influence to participating partners
in case of program change -
- We had faced many troubles such as frequent
restructuring since ISS is large-scale and
long-term complicated project, but we could
overcome them with -
- We consider that ISS should be promoted steadily
by participating agencies in cooperation each
other, which bring us many precious results, and
we also think the success in ISS is fundamental
for us to proceed new international projects.
7Q1. Lessons Learns from ISS (2/2)
- We recognize the importance of leveraging and
enlarging our experience, know-how and technology
brought by ISS. It is important and necessary
that we should share the ISS program as an
experience of success.
8Q23. JAXAs Strategies, Objectives and Driving
Rationales for Future Human Space Exploration
- Strategies
- To continue manned space program through the
participation in the ISS program - To conduct fundamental RD with a long-term view
of enabling to start original manned space
program - Objectives/Driving Rationales
- To create the knowledge and to make sustainable
development of humankind - Space exploration giving dreams to the people
- Space Utilization providing knowledge and
information - Harmonization of the humankind activities with
the global environment with the view from space - Expansion of the field of human activities in
space
9Q45. Timetable of JAXAs Plans and Status
2005 2010
2015
ISS
Centrifuge
JEM
HTV
Conceptual
SELENE Series
Moon
SELENE
Solar Sail
LUNAR-A (Under Review)
Conceptual
Venus Balloon
Hayabusa (2003- ) Asteroid Sample Return
Conceptual
PLANET-C Venus
Nozomi (1998) Mars
Other Planets
Akebono GEOTAIL
BepiColombo Mercury
SCOPE Earth
Hinotori Yohkoh
SOLAR-B
Reconsider JAXA Vision
10Q6. Relation of JAXAs Robotic Exploration Plan
to Interests and Objectives in Human Exploration
- To be defined in JAXAs long-term Vision
- Conducting related technologies RD as innovative
studies of space technologies
11Q7. Relation of US Vision for Space Exploration
to JAXAs Plans and Interests
- We will make decision on whether, how and what we
will participation in US New Vision, based on our
long-term goals/plans and technology strategy, to
be developed based on the Japanese Basic
Strategy, in the fields of manned space
activities and space science research. - Items to be considered
- Clear significance of participation
- Effective utilization of Japanese technology in
which Japan has originality and superiority - Flexible response to program modification
- Appropriate roles of Japan in the international
collaborative program
12Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies (1/3)
JAPANS LUNAR / INTERPLANETARY EXPLORATION
Sakigake/1985, Suisei/1985 Halleys Comet
Flyby Hiten/1990, LUNAR-A, SELENE/2006 Lunar
Explorations Nozomi/1998 Mars Orbiter
(Orbital Insertion Failed) Hayabusa/2003
Asteroid Sample Return PLANET-C/2008
Venus Orbiter Bepi Columbo/2012 Mercury
Orbiter
JAPANS ORBITAL OBSERVATORIES
X-ray Hakucho(1984), Tenma(1983), Ginga(1987),
Asca(1993), ASTRO-EII(2005) Hinotori(1981),
Yoko(1991), SOLAR-B(2006), NeXT,
JASMINE(proposed) Infrared ASTRO-F(2005),
SPICA(proposed) Radio Haruka(1998),
VSOP-2(proposed)
Innovative Systems for Deep Space Missions
Underway
Electric Propulsion
Solar Sail
Magnet-Plasma Sail
13Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
Experiment Logistics Module Pressurized Section
(ELM-PS)
JEM KIBO
Centrifuge Accommodation Module (CAM)
Life Science Glovebox (LSG)
- Japan develops these hardware systems to offset
the JEM launch services provided by NASA.
Robot Arm(Manipulator)
Pressurized Module (JEM-PM)
Centrifuge Rotor (CR)
Exposed Facility (JEM-EF)
Biological Research Facility (Centrifuge)
Experiment Logistics Module Exposed Section
(ELM-ES)
H-II A Transfer Vehicle (HTV)
- Launched from Japan using H-IIA heavy lift
version - Cargo transport to the ISS
Japanese Astronaut
Control Center of JEM and HTV
- Operations of JEM, HTV and ground facilities
- Astronaut selection, training, skill maintenance,
and medical care
HTV
HII-A
13
14Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies (3/3)
Explorations
ISS as Test Bed
JAXA Astronauts 8 Space Flights 7
flights 82 Days (By 4 astronauts) as of 2004
15Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
- Innovative Studies of Space Technologies(1/3)
- 1. Space RoboticsAs un-manned technologies which
support activities on the Moon and other planets - From robotics technologies for on-orbit
activities to those for the activities on the
Moon surface - Remotely controlled unmanned rendezvous-docking
- Application of ground robot technology
- 2. Energy Supplyfor the heat-retention for Moon
night survival and for the support of the
activities in permanent shadow zone - Rechargeable fuel-buttery
- Solar power satellite
16Innovative Studies of Space Technologies
Space Robotics, Space Energy
Polymer Electric Fuel Cell
HTV
JEMRMS
MFD
MUSES-C
Solar Power Satellite
ETS-7
400Wh/kgRegenerative
MUSES-C
Ground Tele-Operation, Rendezvous-Docking,
Asteroid Sample Return
Robot Work in Exploration Utilization
17Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
- Innovative Studies of Space Technologies (2/3)
- Lunar and Planetary Probe
- for landing and survey anywhere under any
conditions - Obstacle avoidance safe and precise landing
- Small rover
- Heat retention in the super-cold Moon night
- Space Navigationfor efficient large cargo
transportation between the Earth and the Moon - Large Ion Engine
18Soft Precise landing
Innovative Studies of Space Technology Lunar
Planetary Exploration, Orbital Transportation
- SELENE Follow on Proposal
- Transportation between Moon and Earth
- Electric Propulsion
Safe Precise Landing
Moon Lander Lander for Safe
Precise landing Rover for in Situ
Analysis Energy for Long Period
Exploration
35cm Ion Engine Large Thruster 200mN
19Q8. JAXAs Space Exploration Studies
- Innovative Studies of Space Technologies (3/3)
- 5. Space Transportation System
- Extension of Transportation Capability
- Evolution of HTV
- Future Launch Vehicle
20Innovative Studies of Space Technologies
POSSIBLE EXTENTION OF JAPANS TRANSPORTATION
CAPABILITY
H-IIA Man-Rated
H-IIA Heavy Lifter
Current H-IIA
H-IIA Upgrade
CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE
(ORBITAL/CREW RETURN)
HTV
LUNAR LANDER
REUSABLE LAUNCHER
REUSABLE LAUNCH/LANDING
REENTRY
21Innovative Studies of Space Technologies
ANTICIPATED EVOLUTION OF HTV (HII Transfer
Vehicle)
INORBIT SERVICE VEHICLE
ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLE
HTV CURRENT DESIGN FOR ISS SUPPORT
FREE FLYER
MAN-RATED plus REENTRY Tech.
CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE
22Innovative Studies of Space Technologies JAXAs
Technology Maturation Programs For Future Launch
Vehicle
READINESS FOR FUTURE LAUNCH SYSTEM
REUSABLIE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ADVANCED
PROPULSION REENTRY / RETURNING FLIGHT
23Q9. JAXAs Interest in Lunar Exploration
SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer)
- a moon-orbiting satellite mission.
- major objectives
- To obtain global data for the lunar science and
activities on the moon. - To develop technology for future missions.
- Global observation by 14 science instruments
onboard - Chemical elements, Mineral,
- Surface structure, Environment,
- Gravitational field
- Earth rise by High definition TV camera
- Launch H-IIA rocket, FY2006(planned)
- Main orbiter and two sub-satellites
24Q9. JAXAs Interest in Lunar Exploration
JAXAs Moon Explorer LUNAR-A
- Mission
- Study Lunar Interior by Seismometers
- Two Penetrators Into the Lunar Surface
- Nearside Farside
- Heat-flow Measurement
- Surface Image from Orbit
- Summary
- Payload
- Two Penetrators
- LIC for Lunar Surface Image
- Mission Period 1 year
- Current Status
- 3 Years Re-development for More Robust Penetrator
- Launch is T.B.D
Penetrator f 16cm x 80cm
25Q10. JAXAs View on Moon Exploration as Testbed
for MarsQ11. JAXAs Interests for Human Presence
on Moon
- From the following viewpoints described in
Japans space policies, we have much interests. - - Space exploration giving dreams to the
people - - Expansion of the field of human
activities in space -
26Q12. Research, Testing Demonstrations on ISS
for Future Space Exploration
- Space Robotics Technology
- Inspection, Assembly and Repair
- Refueling
- Large volume and ultra high-speed data relay
(communication) technology
Data relay satellite
Work by a space robot (concept)
JEM Inter-orbit Communication System
Space robot research
- Large structure assembly and deployment technology
- Data acquisition by and technology demonstration
of advanced sensors
Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment (EM)
Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (STM)
Large-sized structure assembly(concept)
Large deployable antenna reflectors