Fire Alarm Systems, 1999 NFPA 72 The Standard and Their Impact with Current Codes

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Fire Alarm Systems, 1999 NFPA 72The
StandardandTheir Impact with Current Codes

• Presented by
• Dave Miller, S.E.T.
• Miller Consulting Group, LLC

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What We Will Discuss Today

• NFPA 72
• Chapter 1
• 1-4 Definitions
• 1-5 Fundementals
• 1-6 Documentation
• Chapter 2
• Various Sub Chapters
• Chapters 3 5
• A quick and brief review

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What We Will Discuss Today

• Chapter 4
• Chapter 7

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Definitions
Control Unit A system component that monitors
inputs and outputs through various types of
circuits. Fire Alarm System A systemthat
consist of components and circuits arranged to
monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm
or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to
initiate the appropriate responses to those
signals. (This definition includes fire alarm
systems whose sole purpose is to provide
sprinkler supervisory service.)
5
Definitions
Signals Alarm Signal A signal indicating an
emergency that requires a immediate action, such
as a signal indicative of fire. Supervisory
Signal A signal indicating the need for action
in connection with the supervision of , the fire
suppression systems or equipment, or the
maintenance features of related systems. Trouble
Signal A signal initiated by the fire alarm
system or device indicative of a fault in
monitored circuit or component.
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Definitions
Actions Acknowledge To confirm that a message or
signal has been received, such as by the pressing
of a button or the selection of a software
command. Silence Action by which predetermined
audio/visual devices and the panel audible no
longer sound or flash. Reset A control function
that attempts to return a system or device to its
normal, non-alarm state.
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Definitions
Circuits Signaling Line Circuit A circuit or
path between any combination of circuit
interfaces, control units, or transmitters over
which multiple system inputs signals or output
signals, or both are carried. Comments SLCs
are typically configured as Style 4 (Class B)
or Style 7 (Class A) Campus High Rise
Networks use or are required to be Style
7 Devices use Style 4 typically
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Definitions
Circuits Initiating Device Circuit a circuit to
which automatic or manual initiating devices are
connected where the signal received does not
identify the individual device operated. Comments
IDCs are typically configured as Style B
(Class B) or Style D (Class A) Monitor
Modules on SLCs will have IDCs associated with
them.
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Definitions
Circuits Notification Appliance Circuit A
circuit or path directly connected to a
notification appliance(s). Comments NACs are
typically configured as Style Y (Class B) or
Style Z (Class A) Many devices are
synchronized via the NACs.
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Definitions
Industry Definitions Addressable A fire alarm
system component with discrete identification
that can have its status individually identified
or that is used to individually control other
functions. Ability to collect information, and
control/program logic functions varies amongst
various system manufacturers. Peer-to-Peer Two
or more fully functional fire alarm systems
communicating via a SLC. Each system typically
has full standalone capability if network
communication is lost. Master-Slave A fully
functional fire alarm system with transponders
networked via SLCs. Transponders typically have
limited standalone capability if network
communication is lost. Indicates NFPA 72
Definition
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Definitions
Industry Definitions Conventional/Hardwired Fire
alarm systems utilizing a zoned system of
non-addressable devices. IDCs are typical wired
with like devices on the same IDC. Combination
System A fire alarm system in which components
are used, in whole or part, in common with a
non-fire signaling system. Best example is a
burglar alarm system UL Listed for commercial
fire applications. Hybrid System A fire alarm
system were an SLC is used as data backbone for
interface modules and non-addressable smoke
detectors are then monitored from those modules.
Essentially a distributed, zoned
system. Indicates NFPA 72 Definition
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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.1.3 System Design
• plans and specifications by persons who are
  experienced in the proper design, application,
  installation, and testing of fire alarm systems.
• The system designer shall be identified on the
  system design documents
• Evidence of qualifications shall be provided when
  requested by the authority having jurisdiction.
• PE Stamp
• NICET Statement

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NICET Statement
These plans have been designed and reviewed
by David C. Miller, Jr., S.E.T. Mr. Miller holds
a National Institute for Certification in
Engineering Technologies Level IV Fire Alarm
Systems, Certificate 96867. ___________________
_____ ___________ Signature


Date

• These plans have been designed and reviewed
• David C. Miller, Jr., S.E.T. Mr. Miller holds a
  National Institute for Certification in
  Engineering Technologies Level IV Fire Alarm
  Systems, Certificate 96867.
• ________________________ ___________
• Signature
  
  Date

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.2 Power Supplies
• 1-5.2.2 All power supplies shall be installed
  in compliance with NFPA 70.
• 1-5.2.3 Fire alarm systems shall be provided
  with
• One primary
• One secondary (standby)

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.2 Power Supplies
• 1-5.2.4 Primary Supply
• - shall have a high degree of reliability
• - shall have adequate capacity for the intended
  service
• - and shall consist of one of the following
• (1) Light and power service
• (2) Engine driven generator, manned 24/7
• 1-5.2.5.2 Dedicated Branch Circuit

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.2.5.2 Dedicated Branch Circuit
• circuits shall be mechanically protected
• connections shall be mechanically protected
• circuit disconnects shall have red marking
• accessible only to authorized personnel
• identified as FIRE ALARM CIRCUIT CONTROL
• location of circuit disconnect shall be
  permanently identified in the FACP
• 1-5.2.5.2 Overcurrent Protection
• overcurrent device shall be located immediately
  adjacent to the connection to light and power
  connections
• circuit breaker locks must be listed with the
  breaker

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.2.6 Secondary Supply Capacity and Sources
• within 30 seconds of of primary power being
  incapable of providing the minimum voltage and
  without loss of signals
• shall provide energy to the system in the event
  of total failure of the primary
• In non-alarm condition (standby) the following
  shall be the standby battery capacity
• protected premises 24 hours
• central station 24 hours
• proprietary 24 hours
• auxiliary 60 hours
• remote station 60 hours
• voice evacuation 24 hours

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.2.6 Secondary Supply Capacity and Sources
• at the end of the the standby period, the
  secondary source shall be able to operate the
  systems for
• protected premises 5 minutes
• central station 5 minutes
• proprietary 5 minutes
• auxiliary 5 minutes
• remote station 5 minutes
• voice evacuation 2 hours
• is equal to 15 minutes of evacuation alarm at
  maximum connected load
• the following are acceptable for secondary supply
  source
• storage battery
• auto start, engine driven generator with FACP
  having 4 hours standby and 5 minutes of alarm
  capacity

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.3 Compatibility
• All fire alarm devices that receive power from
  SLC or IDC shall be listed with for use with
  the respective FACP
• 1-5.4 System Functions
• 1-5.4.1.2 As of 1/1/02 the time delay between
  activation of an input device and the automatic
  activation of a function shall be 10 seconds.
• A-1-5.4.1.2 The 10 seconds does not include
  the fan wind down, door closure, or elevator
  travel, etc

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.4.4 Fire Safety Function Status Indicators
• All controls provided specifically for the
  purpose of manually overriding any automatic fire
  safety function shall provide a visible
  indication of the status of the associated
  control circuits.
• status indicators shall be arranged to
  reflect the actual status of the associated
  equipment or function
• periodic testing to verify proper operation
  operation of mechanical equipment . Failure to
  test and maintain mechanical equipment with
  potential consequences up to and including the
  loss of life.

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1-5 Fundamentals

• Alarm, Supervisory, Trouble Signals
• Overview clearly indicates that these signals
  shall be distinct and clearly indicated from each
  other.

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.4.11 Positive Alarm Sequence
• requires approval by AHJ
• alarm signal shall be answered within 15 seconds
  of receipt at FACP, if not done then system
  activation occurs with all associated functions
• trained personnel shall have up to 180 seconds
  during the alarm investigation phase to evaluate
  the fire condition, and reset the system.
• failure to reset with 180 seconds causes system
  activation with all associated functions
• second device (PAS) shall cause system activation
  with all associated functions
• any other initiating device actuated shall cause
  system activation with all associated functions

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.6 Protection of Fire Alarm Control Unit(s)
• Definition Fire Alarm Control Unit(s)
• a system component that receives inputs from
  automatic and manual fire alarm devices
• might supply power to
• - detection devices
• - a transponder
• - off-premises transmitter
• might transfer power to the notification
  appliances
• transfer of condition to relays or devices

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1-5 Fundamentals

• 1-5.6 Protection of Fire Alarm Control Unit(s)
• in areas not continuously occupied (24/7)
• smoke detection shall be required at each fire
  alarm control unit
• where the area is not suited for smoke
  detection, then heat detector may be used
• if area is not suitable for smoke detector, then
  it is likely not suitable for the fire alarm
  control unit
• only one smoke detector required at control
  unit, even if space exceeds the Standards
  allowable area for smoke detector

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1-5 Fundamentals

• A-1-5.7.1.2 Zone of Origination
• Floor exceeds 20k sq. ft., then divide into zones
  of less than 20K sq. ft. consistent with existing
  fire and smoke barriers on the floor
• Consult AHJ for zoning when floor exceeds 20K sq.
  ft. and no smoke or fire barriers exist
• Waterflow switches should be individually zoned
  that serve
• Multiple floors
• Areas exceeding 20K sq. ft.
• Areas inconsistent wih established detection
  system zoning

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1-5 Fundamentals

• A-1-5.7.1.2 Zone of Origination
• d) Duct smoke detectors should be individually
  zoned that serve
• Air handling systems serving multiple floors
• Areas exceeding 20K sq. ft.
• Areas inconsistent wih established detection
  system zoning
• e) Additional requirements
• If floor area exceeds 20K sq. ft., additional
  zoning should be provided
• Length of any zone should not exceed 300 in any
  direction
• If the building has automatic sprinklers
  throughout, the area of the alarm zone should be
  permitted to be to coincide with the allowable
  area of the sprinkler zone

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.1 Approval and Acceptance
• Prior to Installation
• AHJ shall be notified prior to installation or
  alteration of equipment
• AHJ can require complete information regarding
  the system or system alterations
• Prior to requesting final approval
• Installing contractor shall furnish a written
  statement
• Installed in accordance with approved plans
• Tested in accordance with manufacturers
  specifications and the appropriate NFPA standard

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.1 Approval and Acceptance
• Record of Completion
• Can be part of the written statement that is
  submitted prior to final approval by the AHJ
• When multiple contractors are involved in the
  installation, each shall submit a form with the
  appropriate portions filled out

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.2 Completion Documents
• Record of Completion
• Parts 1, 2, and 4 through 10 shall be completed
  after the system is installed and installation
  wiring has been checked
• Part 3 shall be completed after the operational
  acceptance tests have been completed
• A preliminary copy shall be given to the system
  owner, and to the AHJ, if requested after wiring
  installation
• A final copy shall be submitted after completion
  of operational acceptance testing

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.2 Completion Documents
• Record of Completion
• Shall be updated each time the system is modified
• Shall include a revision date
• Other documentation
• Owners manual and installation instructions
  covering all system components (OMM)
• Record drawings

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.2 Completion Documents
• Central Station Fire Alarm Systems Certificated
• Systems that comply with all aspects of this code
  shall be certificated by the organization that
  has listed the the prime contractor.
• Certification document should be located at the
  FACP
• The listing organization shall maintain a central
  repository of certification documents for the
  listed central station. This documentations
  shall be accessible to the AHJ.

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.2 Completion Documents
• Central Station Fire Alarm Systems Placarded
• Systems that comply with all aspects of this code
  shall be placarded by the prime contractor to
  indicated compliance.
• Placard should be located at the FACP, and be a
  minimum of 20 sq.
• The placard shall identify
• The central station
• The prime contractor by name and telephone number

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1-6 Documentation

• 1-6.3 Records
• Complete, unalterable records of the tests and
  operations
• Kept until the next test, and one year thereafter
• Record shall be available for examination
• If required, reported to the AHJ
• Archiving by any means, so long as a hard copy
  can be provided promptly

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-1.3 Installation and Required Location of
  Initiating Devices
• where subject to mechanical damage, an initiating
  device shall be protected
• a mechanical guard shall be listed for use with
  the detector being used
• in all cases, initiating devices shall be
  supported independently of their attachment to
  the circuit conductors
• initiating devices shall be installed in all
  areas where required by other NFPA codes and
  standards, or the ahj
• initiating devices shall be accessible for
  periodic maintenance and testing

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-1.4 Requirements for Smoke Heat Detectors
• Detectors shall not be recessed in the mounting
  surface in any manner
• Detector coverage
• Total (Complete) Coverage
• Partial Coverage
• Selective Coverage
• Supplementary (Nonrequired) Coverage

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-1.4 Requirements for Smoke Heat Detectors
• 2-1.4.2.1 - Total (Complete) Coverage
• included areas
• all rooms, halls, storage areas, basements,
  attics, lofts, spaces above suspended ceilings,
  and other subdivisions and accessible spaces
  and the inside of all closets, elevator shafts,
  enclosed stairways, dumbwaiter shafts, and
  chutes. Inaccessible areas shall not be required
  to to be protected by detectors.
• Exception No. 1 If inaccessible areas contain
  combustible material, they shall be made of
  accessible and be protected by detector(s).

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• Exception No. 2 Detectors may be omitted from
  combustible blind spaces where any of the
  following conditions prevail 
• (a)ceiling is attached directly to the underside
  of the supporting beams of a combustible roof or
  floor deck 
• (b)Where the concealed space is entirely filled
  with a noncombustible insulation... 
• (c)small, concealed spaces over rooms, space in
  question does not exceed 50 ft2 (4.6 m2) in area 
• (d)In spaces formed by sets of facing studs or
  solid joists in walls, floors, or ceilings where
  the distance between the facing studs or solid
  joists is less than 6 in. (150 mm) 

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• Exception No. 3 Detectors may be omitted from
  below open grid ceilings where all of the
  following conditions exist 
• (a) Openings of the grid are 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) or
  larger in the least dimension. 
• (b) Thickness of the material does not exceed the
  least dimension. 
• (c) Openings constitute at least 70 percent of
  the area of the ceiling material
• Exception No. 4 Concealed, accessible spaces
  above suspended ceilings, used as a return air
  plenum meeting the requirements of NFPA 90A,
  Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning
  and Ventilating Systems, where equipped with
  smoke detection at each connection from the
  plenum to the central air-handling system.

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• Exception No. 5 Detectors shall not be required
  underneath open loading docks or platforms and
  their covers and for accessible underfloor spaces
  if all of the following conditions exist
• (a) Space is not accessible for storage purposes
  or entrance of unauthorized persons and is
  protected against the accumalation of windborne
  debris
• (b) Space contains no equipment such as steam
  pipes, electric wiring, shafting, or conveyors
• (c) Floor over the space is tight
• (d) No flammable liquids are processed, handled,
  or stored on the floor above.

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-1.4.2.2 Partial Coverage
• If required, partial detection systems shall be
  provided in all common areas and work spaces,
  such as corridors, lobbies, storage rooms,
  equipment rooms, and other tenantless spaces in
  those environments suitable for proper detector
  operation in accordance with this code.
• 2-1.4.2.3 Selective Coverage
• Where codes, standards, laws, or AHJs require
  the protection of selected areas only, the
  specified areas shall be protected in accordance
  with this code.
• 2-1.4.2.4 Supplementary (Nonrequired) Coverage
• Where installed, detection that is not required
  by an applicable law, code, or standard, whether
  total (complete), partial, or selective coverage,
  shall conform to the requirements of this code.
• Exception Spacing requirements of Chapter 2

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UBC, Section 1004.3.4Corridors

• 1004.3.4.3 Construction
• fully enclosed by
• walls
• floor
• - ceiling
• - permitted protected openings
• - walls and ceilings of fire- resistive
  materials

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UBC, Section 1004.3.4Corridors

• Exceptions4.
• Office spaces lt 100 occupants
• Entire story is fully sprinkled
• Smoke detection in the corridor
• Audible alarms in all areas served by the
  corridors

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UBC, Section 1004.3.4Corridors

• Exceptions 6.
• Group B constructed as Type I, Type II-FR, Type
  II-one hour construction
• Corridors within office spaces of a single tenant
• Entire story is fully sprinkled
• Smoke detection in the corridor
• Audible alarms in all areas served by the
  corridors

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Typical Comm. Layout
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Basic System
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With FSDs Added
47
Note

• Detector spacing in corridors may go up to 41 on
  center, and 20.5 from the end of the corridor.
• If building is sprinkled, then many of
  requirements could already be in place.
• Reduced cost of construction.

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Radius to be .7 times the spacing
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Spacing for Rectangular Areas
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Fire/Smoke Damper Detection

• Oregon Washington Codes

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UBC 713.10

• Smoke dampers shall be closed by actuation of a
  smoke detector installed in accordance with the
  Fire Code and one of the following applicable
  methods

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UBC 713.10

• damper within a duct, a smoke detector shall be
  installed within 5 feet of the damper
• Selective Coverage per NFPA 72

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Detection in Ducts w/FSD
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Recommended Placement
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UBC 713.10

• 2. damper is installed within an unducted
  opening in a wall, a spot-type detector
  installed within 5 feet horizontally of the
  damper.
• Selective Coverage per NFPA 72

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Duct up to 36
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Width up to 72
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Width Greater than 72
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Return HVAC/Return FSD
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Supply FSD
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Shutdown
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Individual Damper Control
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Single Pt. Control
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UBC 713.10

• 3. damper is installed in a ceiling, a spot-type
  detector within 5 feet of the damper.
• Selective Coverage per NFPA 72

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UBC 713.10

• 4. damper in a corridor wall or ceiling, it may
  be controlled by a smoke-detection system
  installed in the corridor.
• Partial Coverage per NFPA 72

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Corridor with FSDs Detection
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UBC 713.10

• 5. When a total-coverage smoke-detection is
  provided within all areas served by an HVAC
  system, dampers may be controlled by the
  smoke-detection system.
• Selective Coverage per NFPA 72
• Or
• Total Coverage per NFPA 72

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Mechanical Specialty Code, Section 607

• Smoke dampers shall also close whenever the
  fan serving the duct system is shut off.

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• How do we shut off the HVAC systems, and what is
  required?

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State of Oregon1999 Mechanical Code

• Section 606
• Smoke Detection Systems Control

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Section 606

• 606.1 Controls Required. Air Distribution
  systems shall be equipped with smoke detectors

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Section 606

• 606.2.1 Return Air Systems
• return air systems
• gt 2,000 cfm
• prior to any filters, exhaust air connections,
  outdoor air connections, or decontamination
  equipment or appliances.
• Exception not required where the space served
  is protected by a system of area smoke detectors
  The area smoke detectors shall comply with
  Section 606.4.

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Single Unit Interface
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Section 606

• 606.2.2 Common Supply and Return Air Systems.
• multiple air-handling systems share common
  supply or return air ducts or plenums
• with a combined design capacity greater than
  2,000 cfm
• the return air system shall be provided with
  smoke detectors in accordance with Section
  606.2.1.

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Multiple Units for Same Area
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Section 606

• 606.2.3 Return Risers
• return air risers serve two or more stories
• and are part of a return air system having a
  design capacity gt 15,000 cfm
• smoke detectors shall be installed at each
  story.
• smoke detectors shall be located upstream
  between the return air riser and any air ducts or
  plenums.

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Multi-floor/15K cfm
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Section 606

• 606.3 Installation
• in accordance with NFPA 72.
• to monitor the entire airflow conveyed by the
  system
• Access shall be be provided

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Placement of Detector
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Issues of Duct Smoke Detectors

• NEMA Recommends six (6) widths of the duct,
  downstream from any bends or turbulence causing
  effect, to ensure laminar flow in duct.
• Placement _at_ shaft penetrations on multi-story
  buildings Functionality, code compliant, and
  effective maintenance.
• Size and configuration of duct work, to allow for
  best detection potential.

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Section 606

• 606.4 Controls Operation
• smoke detectors shall shut down the air
  distribution system.
• Air distribution systems that are part of a smoke
  control system shall switch to the smoke control
  mode upon activation of a detector.

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Section 606

• 606.4.1 Supervision.
• shall be connected to a fire alarm system.
• shall activate a visible and audible supervisory
  signal at a constantly attended location.

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Section 606

• Exceptions
• supervisory signal not required where
  activates the buildings alarm-indicating
  appliances.

85
Section 606

• Exceptions
• In occupancies not required to be equipped with a
  fire alarm system
• activate a visible and audible signal in an
  approved location.
• Smoke detector trouble conditions shall be
  identified as air duct detector trouble.

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Supervision w/o FACP
87
Supervision w/FACP S/D
88

• Detection for Fire/Smoke Doors per
• UFC Standard 10-2
• Section 5-11.7

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UFC Section 5-11.7

• 5-11.7.1
• door release not initiated by a fire alarm
  system smoke detectors protecting areas on both
  sides of the door
• smoke detectors applied as specified in 5-11.7.

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Section 5-11.7

• 5-11.7.4.1
• be closed in response to smoke flowing in either
  direction

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Section 5-11.7

• 5-11.7.4.1.3
• depth of the wall section above the door gt 60
  inches
• additional detectors may be required
• an engineering evaluation.

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Section 5-11.7

• 5-11.7.4.1.4
• specifically listed for door frame mounting
• a listed combination or integral detector-door
  closer assembly is used
• only one detector shall be required

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Section 5-11.7

• 5-11.7.4.2
• release is indicated to prevent smoke
  transmission from one space to another
• in one direction only
• one detector located in the space to which smoke
  is to be confined shall suffice

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Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-8 Manually Actuated Alarm-Initiating Devices
• 2-8.2.2 - Manual Pull Stations shall be located
  within 5 of the exit door way on each exit on
  each floor
• 2-8.2.3 - Manual Pull Stations shall be mounted
  on both sides of group openings over 40 in width

102
Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-9 Supervisory Signal-Initiating Devices
• 2-9.2 Pressure Supervisory Signal-Initiating
  Device
• (a) pressure tank supervisory indicates increase
  or decrease by 10 psi
• (b) dry pipe supervisory indicates increase or
  decrease by 10 psi
• (c) steam pressure supervisory indicates a fall
  below 110 of minimum operating pressure
• (d) other supervisory devices shall be as
  indicated by the AHJ.

103
Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-9 Supervisory Signal-Initiating Devices
• 2-9.3 Water Level Supervisory Signal-Initiating
  Device
• (a) pressure tank supervisory indicates when
  water level rises or falls by 3
• (b) other water storage supervisory indicates
  when water level falls by 12
• 2-9.4 Water Temperature Supervisory
  Signal-Initiating Device
• (a) temperature supervisory indicates when
  water temperature falls under 40 F and when
  it returns to over 40 F

104
Chapter 2 Initiating Devices

• 2-9 Supervisory Signal-Initiating Devices
• 2-9.4 Room Temperature Supervisory
  Signal-Initiating Device
• (a) temperature supervisory indicates when
  room temperature falls under 40 F and when
  it returns to over 40 F

105
Chapters 3 5

• Chapter 3 Protected Premises Systems
• All systems essentially fall under this Chapter
  of the Standard
• Chapter 5 Distinguishes the difference between
  the various types of systems

106
Chapter 5

• Protected Premises System Complies with all
  applicable chapters of NFPA 72, and does not go
  to an offsite location
• Central Station Service A Protected Premises
  System with offsite monitoring by a UL Listed
  Central station.
• Remote Supervising Station A Protected Premises
  System with offsite monitoring by a listed UL
  Central station.
• Proprietary Supervising Station A Protected
  Premises System with monitoring by trained
  personnel at the location, or another location of
  the same owner.

107
Chapter 4 Notification Appliances

• 4-2.3 Mechanical Protection
• Guards or covers shall be listed for use with
  the appliance
• Their effect on the appliances field of
  performance shall be in accordance with listing
  requirements.

108
Chapter 4 Notification Appliances

• Example of private mode is a hospital patient
  care area
• If allowed by code or the AHJ, audible appliances
  could be eliminated entirely in areas such as
  surgery or critical care

109
Chapter 4 Notification Appliances

• 4-3 Audible Characteristics
• 4-3.1.1 Average sound level of 105 dBA shall
  require a visible signal appliance
• 4-3.2 Public Mode Audible Requirements
• 4-3.2.2 - 15dBA over ambient or 5dBA above the
  maximum sound level having a duration of at least
  60 seconds use whichever method is greater
• Exception 1 Elevator cars can meet private
  mode
• Exception 2 If approved by AHJ, restrooms can
  meet private mode
• Exception 3 If approved by AHJ, then a method
  of reducing ambient noise may be employed

110
Chapter 4 Notification Appliances

• 4-3 Audible Characteristics
• 4-3.3 Private Mode Audible Requirements
• 4-3.3.1 - 45 dBA _at_ 10 and no more than 120 dBA
  at the minimum hearing distance
• 4-3.3.2 - 10 dBA over ambient or 5dBA above the
  maximum sound level having a duration of at least
  60 seconds use whichever method is greater
• 4-3.4 Sleeping Areas
• 15 dBA over ambient or 5dBA above the maximum
  sound level having a duration of at least 60
  seconds or sound level of at least 70 dBA use
  whichever method is greater

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Chapter 4 Notification Appliances

112
Chapter 7 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
Table 7-2.2 Smoke Detectors System/Spot Must
verify entry into smoke chamber, magnet is not
acceptable Duct Type Ensure that device samples
the air stream
113
Case Studies

• OR
• Also Known As
• Dont try this in your Jurisdiction, building,
  design, etc.

114

• 1
• A Tale of Two Schools

115
A Tale of Two Schools

• Group E, Division 3
• Same Architect
• Same MEP Consultants
• Same GC
• Same Mechanical Contractor
• But Different Jurisdictions

116
A Tale of Two Schools

• Approximately 15,000 Sq. Ft.
• Single Story
• Fully Sprinkled
• Manual Pull Stations at All Exterior Exits
• Audio/Visual Appliances Throughout
• Monitoring of Sprinkler Systems and Kitchen Hood

117
A Tale of Two Schools

• HVAC System
• 13 Air Handler Units
• 5 are Greater than 2000 CFM in Capacity
• 7 Units Provide Either Supply or Return Air to
  the Corridor (1350 CFM at Returns)
• FSDs Originally Shown on the Drawings for
  Corridor

118
A Tale of Two Schools

• Fire Alarm System Design
• Engineer Originally Showed Smoke Detection in
  the Corridor
• Also Provided Detection in Areas Deemed
  Appropriate such as Laundry Room, Communications,
  Staff Areas, etc
• Duct Smoke Detectors on the 5 HVAC Units

119
A Tale of Two Schools

• School 1
• FSDs for Corridor have been Eliminated from
  Project, but Actual Designation of Egress Path
  has not Changed from Corridor
• AHJ has Owner Remove All Area Smoke Detectors,
  Not Necessary
• All FSDs Have Been Removed, Except for the Two
  Servicing the Staff Restrooms, Compliance for
  Detection of FSDs is not Being Met

120
A Tale of Two Schools

• School 1
• Duct Smoke Detectors for Return Air Side of HVAC
  Units
• Do Not Meet Spacing/Placement Requirements of
  NFPA 72

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123
A Tale of Two Schools

• School 2
• FSDs for Corridor have been Eliminated from
  Project, but Actual Designation of Egress Path
  has not Changed from Corridor
• Duct Smoke Detectors Have Been Placed on the 5
  Units, Except this Time the Devices are on the
  Supply Side
• 3 Devices Will Probably Not Work
• 2 Will Not Work Due to the Sampling Tubes
  Being Placed Parallel to Air Flow
• Covers Were Left Off After Completion of
  Inspection

124
A Tale of Two Schools

• School 2
• Temporal Code for Audible Devices are not
  Synched from the FACP
• When There is More Than One Audible for an Area,
  the Signal Becomes Indistinct Over Time

125
A Tale of Two Schools

• MCG Solutions
• Eliminate Duct Smoke Detectors
• Provide 100 Detection in All Below Ceiling
  Spaces
• Interconnect HVAC Units to Provide Shutdown for
  All Units Serving Same Common Space
• Provide Shutdown to HVAC Units Requiring
  Shutdown via Alarm of Space Detection
• Provide Synchronization of Audible/Visual
  Appliances

126

• 2
• When is Enough, Enough?

127
When is Enough, Enough?

• 20,000 Sq. Ft. plus Elementary School
• Fully Sprinkled Building
• Full 100 Detection Below Ceilings
• HVAC Ducted Supply and Returns
• Problems were Sporadic Nuisance Alarms

128
Isnt this nice?
129
How About that Spacing?
20 Corridor
130
Think this will work?
131
Or this?
132
What about this?
133
What happened to 6 widths downstream?
134
Isnt this special???
135
Spaghetti anyone?
136
Recommendations

• Redo the Spacing on Area Detection
• Remove Duct Smoke Detectors
• Install Control Modules to Facilitate HVAC Unit
  S/D
• Install Conduit Path to NEMA 4X Boxes at Exterior
  Locations

137

• 3
• What About the Kitchen?

138
What About the Kitchen?

• Code Essentially Requires Only that Fuel and/or
  Power Be Shutoff Under the Kitchen Hood When
  Discharge Occurs
• What About When There is a Building Evacuation?
• Under Certain Circumstances, It May be
  Adviseable to Shutdown Fuel and/or Power on
  Evacuation
• How to do that?

139
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140

• 4
• Uhm, What About the Smoke Control?

141
Uhm, What About the Smoke Control?

• 3 Story Atrium
• Under 1991 UBC
• Smoke Control Fans and Associated Controls Were
  Forgotten
• Large Areas Contiguous and Open to Atrium
• Basic Addressable System was Already Installed

142
Uhm, What About the Smoke Control?

• System Required Extensive Logic Functions
• Unlock Doors, and then Force Doors Open
• Firemans Panel Required Logic Functions for
  Lighting LEDs, etc
• Existing FACP Was not Capable of Timed, And, Or,
  and Other Logic Functions

143
Uhm, What About the Smoke Control?

• Recommendations
• Added Smoke Detection to Atrium
• Added Fire/Smoke Doors to Minimize Area Adjacent
  to Atrium
• Designed Controls Including Positive Feedback
• Included Monitoring of Main Power Switch to
  Exhaust Fans for Status

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147

• 5
• And Last But Not Least

148
And Last But Not Least

• Group E, Division 1 or 2
• Type IV Construction
• Not Sprinkled
• Alarm and Detection System Installed Utilizing a
  Combination Fire Alarm/Burglar Alarm System

149
And Last But Not Least

• Issues
• Detection does not meet spacing requirements
• Over Reliance on Heat Detectors
• Strobes are Not Properly Sized for
  Applications
• System Utilizes only a Single Phone Line for
  Offsite Dialing
• Audible/Visual Appliances Start to Die About 2
  Minutes into Alarm (probably related to voltage
  drop)
• Oh, and Did I Mention that My Son Goes to School
  Here

150
Thank You!!!

• Miller Consulting Group, LLC
• PO Box 1076
• Newberg, OR 97132-1076
• 503.537.9200
• dcmiller_at_mcg-llc.net