MAC Volleyball Training – 2005 For 1st/2nd Year Referees

1
MAC Volleyball Training 2005For 1st/2nd Year
Referees
2
Agenda

• Administrative Information
• Training/Evaluation Committee Information
• Points of Emphasis/Rules Changes
• The Libero
• The Basics
• The Officiating Team
• A Potpourri of Information
• How to Improve

3
Points of Contact

• MAC VB web site www.umpires.org
• Arbiter web site www.thearbiter.net
• MAC VB related issues, assignments, or reporting
  DQs or game management issues (also CC
  vb_at_umpires.org)
• John Porter [phone], john_at_umpires.org
• Rob Porter [phone], rob_at_umpires.org
• Rules or Procedures Interpretations
• Vance Coleman [phone](h), (301)
  928-7204(c)
• Rick Dubois [phone](h), [phone](c),
  rck_dubois_at_yahoo.com
• Contact vb_at_umpires.org
• Uniforms and Equipment
• Rick Dubois (or anyone else willing to volunteer)
• John Vena for shirts

4
VB Officiating Equipment

• Mandatory Equipment/Uniform
• Black Pants
• White MAC Polo Shirt
• Black (Tennis) Shoes
• Black Socks
• NFHS Patch
• Whistle (pea less) w/Lanyard
• Red and Yellow Cards
• Net Measuring Device (Net Chain)
• Hand-held Pump
• Volleyball Pressure Gauge
• Coin (Quarter or larger preferably)
• Line-up Card (R2)
• Rules Book
• Watch (digital preferably)
• Optional Equipment

5
MAC Association Policies/Rules

• Pay your NFHS dues 27.50
• Go online and register www.thearbiter.net
• Submit close-outs by blocking out dates and times
  on arbiter web site
• Call your partner 24-hours in advance
• If unable to make contact with your partner, call
  John Porter on the day of the match
• Submit pay sheet at the end of the season
• Rate all your partners (see separate slide for
  rating criteria)
• Senior partner will evaluate partner on line
• Wear appropriate uniform and have required
  equipment
• Be at match site NLT 30 minutes before start time
• Report game management issues to John Porter
• Check arbiter web site daily for schedule changes
  and to report match completions

6
Training/Evaluation Changes for 2005

• New training committee
• Vance Coleman
• James Dornak
• John Dowd
• Rick Dubois
• Andy Fontanilla
• Kathy Gutmann
• Kim Hayes
• Don Hinton
• Fred Mehl
• Christy Otto
• Gwen Sanford
• Fred Seeger
• Dean Shumway
• Al Straub
• Ron Zientek

• Referees will keep score for at least one
  game/match during scrimmage season
• Referees will be evaluated on their
  briefings/pre-match duties during the scrimmage
  season
• Referees will be line judges during the scrimmage
  season (if not provided by host/given sufficient
  amount of referees to man the requirement)
• Evaluations will be on line for regular season
  matches senior/higher rated official will rate
  junior officials performance
• Some officials may only be doing line judge
  duties (their preference)
• Specific training objectives at each training
  session
• One-on-one training where necessary and/or
  requested

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MAC Volleyball Training Events - 2005
Classroom/Gym Training 7 PM
VHSL Clinics 6 PM/Noon

• Aug 3rd (Wed) Marshall HS
• Aug 4th (Thurs) Stafford HS
• Aug 11th (Thurs) Handley HS in Winchester
• Aug 14th (Sun) Charlottesville VHSL Office
• Aug 28th (Sun) Charlottesville VHSL Office

• Aug 1st (Mon) Classroom
• Aug 4th (Thurs) Classroom
• Aug 8th (Mon) Gym
• Aug 11th (Thurs) Gym (Advanced Training)
• Aug 15th (Mon) Gym
• Aug 18th (Thurs) Gym
• Aug 22nd (Mon) Test
• Aug 25th (Thurs) Gym
• Aug 20th thru first week of Sept HS Scrimmages
  Location TBD

8
Trainer/Evaluator Guidance

• Allow for errors and do not criticize individual,
  but criticize/provide feedback on performance
• Do not over-coach/assist
• Provide feedback out-of-range of coaches/players
• Provide feedback to entire match team (you may
  separate LJs from R1/R2, as necessary, provide
  individual feedback when more beneficial)
• Focus on major areas for improvement (prioritize)
• Plan the training for areas you are responsible
  to train
• Be prepared, bring all necessary forms for
  evaluation/training equipment necessary for
  training ask Rick/John where to get
  equipment/resources if you dont have it/them
• Block out training days you are committing to on
  the Arbiter
• Provide feedback (evaluations/improvement
  techniques/etc.) to Rick/Vance/John
• R1/R2 determination is at the discretion of the
  senior (higher rated) official
• I will work with anyone/train them/control the
  match, but I will not allow their experience
  level to jeopardize the result

9
Rules/Guidance for Evaluations

• All evaluators will use the same form (USAV
  evaluation form found at www.usavolleyball.org)
• All evaluators will review the criteria prior to
  the evaluation(s)
• All officials evaluated may ask to see their
  evaluation report
• If the evaluation is submitted on-line, it better
  match the evaluation provided to the official in
  person during the feedback session
• Some individuals may be rated during the season
  without their knowledge
• Evaluations will start off with the phrase (or
  something similar to it) How do you think you
  did? Await response, then ask Why? Probe
  for details/make the evaluated individual perform
  his/her own self-assessment before commenting on
  their performance.
• When you comment on their performance
• First cover strengths/good plays/calls
• Discuss troubled plays/questionable calls
• Ask how they believe they can improve their
  performance
• Provide input for their focus on future matches
  (in priority)
• Ensure the feedback is complete and follows some
  sequence (chronological, by duty performed during
  the match (R1/R2/LJ/SC, etc.), or some other
  sequence)

10
Points of Emphasis for 2005

• VHSL/NFHS
• Net serve signal
• Importance of warming up
• Use of lineup cards
• Change in signals for a down ball
• MAC Association
• Uniform adherence
• Timeliness to matches
• Contact partner(s) prior to match (24 hours)
• Pre-match with work team (scoring table officials
  and line judges)
• Identify game event manager
• Identify location of trainer
• Bench control
• Fraternization with teams
• Setter/libero recognition and player overlaps
  (back row attack/block)
• R2 responsibilities
• Teamwork between R1 and R2

11
Rules Changes 2005

• Adoption of official uniform policy
• White, short-sleeved collared polo shirt
• Black pants
• Solid black athletic shoes and black socks
• R2 does not record illegal player equipment,
  uniform warnings, penalties and disqualifications
  on lineup cards
• Rule 9-5-4 clarification to second sentence If
  the ball is hit back into a back-row player whose
  hands are below the height of the net, it is
  ruled as the teams first hit/contact.
• Hand signal No. 2 for a line violation is now a
  finger pointed at the line instead of an open
  hand (signal 13 ball lands in-bounds is an open
  palm)
• Rule 6-3-2 introduces the adoption of the libero
  in high school volleyball (more details on
  subsequent slides)

12
New Rules Interpretations (Review of 2003
changes)

• If a deciding game occurs, the home team calls
  the flip and has a choice of serve, side, or
  receive. Opponent gets remaining choice (no
  switching at 8 pts).
• No jewelry during warm-up period (team delay)
• Uniforms shall be worn as intended by
  manufacturers.
• Position of uniform number (can you see it and
  uniform enforcement across the association)
• Live balls are dead when the officials whistle
  sounds
• Charged time outs end after 60 seconds or both
  teams have returned to the court, whichever is
  less
• Players and coaches can be penalized for
  unsportsmanlike acts toward their own team

13
Review of 2003 2004 Rules Changes
Interpretations

• All varsity matches are 3 out of 5 (JV/Frosh are
  2 out of 3)
• All games are rally scoring to 25 points except
  the deciding 5th game to 15 points (no change of
  side at 8)
• Let serve is okay
• 2 time-outs per game (no additional time-outs for
  24-24 tie)
• Home team selects its bench before the warm ups
  (last year - 2003)
• Visiting captain calls the coin toss. Winner
  selects serve or receive.
• Adoption of USAV rule for ability to break the
  plane of a non-playing area provided they have
  some body part in contact with a playable area
• R2 only needs to signal at the end of time-outs
  how many time-outs each team has used
• Line judges will stand at the attack line and
  side line intersection near the R1. The line
  judge whos team will serve next holds the ball.
  (College procedure except ball handlers normally
  hold the ball)
• An exceptional sub is counted as a team sub if
  the team has not used all 18 of its substitutions
• Head Coach must attend pre-match conference.

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The Libero
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What is the libero?

• A back-row player specialist that
• wears a different colored uniform
• does not count against team substitutions
• must sit out one rally between replacements
• must be replaced by the individual for whom she
  originally entered the game
• replaces back row players between the attack line
  and end line
• must enter the game during a dead ball prior to
  the R1 beckoning for serve
• cannot set the ball in the front zone with finger
  action that creates the completion of an attack
• cannot attack the ball if it is above the height
  of the net
• cannot serve the ball
• cannot play in the front row
• may serve as the team captain

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Libero Rules

• If used, must be designated on the lineup sheet
  prior to each game
• Must enter the game after starting lineup has
  been checked by the R2
• May exercise one replacement per dead ball
• Must enter and exit game between the attack line
  and the baseline
• May be the team captain
• May be used as an exceptional substitution for an
  injured player if no other legal substitutes are
  available
• Shall not replace a disqualified teammate
• Shall not block or attempt to block
• Shall not serve
• Shall not set the ball using overhand finger
  action while in front of the attack line
  extended, for an attack above the height of the
  net

17
Libero Quirks

• If the libero gets injured, the person the libero
  replaced must re-enter the game, but can be
  substituted for by a legal substitute
• If a player gets injured, the libero may replace
  the injured player as a regular player if no
  other legal substitute is available (a libero can
  no longer be used in the game)
• The libero may not replace a disqualified player,
  nor may the libero be replaced if they become
  disqualified
• An illegal libero replacement is penalized with a
  team delay prior to serve after service contact
  the penalty is a position fault
• The libero must change to the same uniform as the
  rest of team if they come in as an exceptional
  substitute
• The libero may change uniform numbers if they
  come in as an exceptional substitution
• A libero tracker is required at the scorers
  table (someone different than the scorekeeper)

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Libero Tracking Sheet
1
19
Beginner Orientation

• The Basics

20
Tips for the New Official Getting Started

• Review training slides
• Review rules and case books
• Ask questions
• Sign up with MAC on the Arbiter
• Purchase starter equipment
• Maximize attendance at training events and
  scrimmages

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Volleyball Basics

• Six players per team on the court
• Three hits allowed per rally
• No prolonged contact (lift/throw)
• Identification of playable vs. non-playable areas
  (lines on court are in)
• Point awarded per rally (exception play over)
• Pre-match requirements
• Match is 3 of 5 games to 25-points, if 5th game
  is required the game is to 15 points and the
  teams do not change sides at point 8 (no point
  cap and the team must win by 2 points) (JV best
  of 3 with 3rd game to 15 points)

22
Officiating Basics

• Know the rules book(s)
• Carry a spare whistle
• Ask the host team which rules book governs the
  match (if NCAA/PAVO libero differences, foot
  fault/interference differences, game point
  totals, switching in deciding game, coaching
  regulations, game equipment requirements, etc.)
• Scan the gymnasium and determine playable vs.
  non-playable areas (what is out, what is
  re-playable, what is playable)
• Inspect the gym and all equipment
• Ask Who is the game/event manager?
• Control the match
• Be approachable
• Make sure host team provides two game balls
  (minimum)
• Coach/brief officiating crew on their
  responsibilities

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Officiating Signals

• Sequence
• Whistle (pause, read, and react)
• Infraction/foul
• Result (point for one of the teams)
• Team infractions supercede individual infractions
• Mechanics differentiate officials
• Proper signals prevent vocal explanation
• Practice is the only way to get better (use a
  mirror)

24
Officiating Signals cont

• Illegal alignment/improper server
• Line violation
• Illegal hit
• Delay of service
• Over-the-Net
• Net Foul of Net Serve
• Legal Back Row Attack
• Illegal Attack of Serve/Back Row Attack
• Illegal Block/Screen
• Ball touched
• Four hits
• Double hit

• Ball lands in-bounds
• Out-of-bounds/antenna violation
• Begin serve
• Side-out (not used in rally scoring)
• Point
• Replay/Re-serve
• Substitution/Authorization to enter
• Illegal substitution
• Team Time-out
• Officials Time-out
• Unnecessary Delay
• End of game
• Change of courts
• Contact below the waist

25
Pre-game Duties Responsibilities

• Greet the coaches
• Ask home team coach or captain which side they
  want for game 1
• Determine game administrator find out where
  he/she will be sitting during the match
• Inspect the gymnasium
• Determine playable and non-playable
  areas/obstructions (Rules to follow 6 from
  court lines or 23 (7m) above the court surface)
• Boundaries (playable vs. non-playable)
• Which obstructions are part of the ceiling
• Which obstructions are part of the wall
• Other obstructions reducing playable area
• Remove if possible
• Otherwise, mitigate their presence
• Inspect lines and court markings
• All lines should have a contrasting color from
  the playing surface
• All lines are 2 wide (5 cm)
• Ensure the court has service area hash marks (6
  long, 8 from end line)

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Pre-game Duties Responsibilities cont

• Inspect equipment
• Net (help get height standardized during
  scrimmages)
• Verify net height
• (7 41/8th at center and no gt ¾ difference at
  the sides for girls)
• (7115/8th at center and no gt ¾ difference at
  the sides for boys)
• Taut along the length of the net
• Inspect for excessive tears and breaks in the
  nets (creating large holes/squares)
• Antennas
• lt or 3/8 in diameter w/ alternating colors
  white and orange or red
• Extending 2.5 to 3.5 above the height of the
  net
• Standards and Supports (Ref Stand also)
• Must be padded below 51/2
• Padding must be 1 (standards) 1/2 (supports)
• All exposed steel cables at the top and bottom of
  the net are to be covered/padded

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Pre-game Duties Responsibilities cont

• Inspect equipment (continued)
• Volleyballs (ball must be white)
• NFHS Logo
• 4.3 4.6 lbs. per sq in. of pressure
• No visible or surface defects (Mary said no game
  ball written on balls)
• Ensure a minimum of 2 game balls available
• Initial and date balls when checked
• Team Benches
• No closer than the attack line
• gt 6 from the court
• Scorekeepers Table
• Opposite the Referee Stand
• gt 6 from the sideline
• Centered (preferably) on the center line

28
Pre-game Duties Responsibilities cont

• Conduct Pre-match Conference
• See separate slide
• Inspect players
• No jewelry
• Preventative Officiating
• Uniform discrepancies
• Religious or other exceptions (letters on file)
• Brief Scorekeeper, Timer, Line Judges, and R2
• See separate slide
• Observe Warm-ups
• Determine setters
• Observe ball-handling skills
• Control team activities, as needed (keep teams on
  their side of the net during warm-ups until their
  designated 5 minute warm-up period)
• Verify team rosters and line-ups

29
The Officiating Team

• R1/R2/Scorekeeper/Libero Tracker/Timer/Line Judges

30
R1 Responsibilities Remember, you are in charge

• Conduct the pre-match conference
• Check the game ball
• Inspect the court
• Review duties with the umpire and line judges
• Make decisions on matters not specifically
  covered by the rule
• Blow the whistle for serve and dead ball
• Recognize requests for substitution or time-out
• Make ball handling decisions
• Signal the result of each play or
  action/infraction
• Scan the court before beckoning for serve
• Make server foot fault calls
• Responsible for the alignment of the serving team
• Keep track of the number of hits by a team during
  play
• Administer cards, as necessary
• Signal the end of the game or the end of a
  time-out

31
Pre-match Briefings to Line Judges, Scorekeeper,
Libero Tracker and Timer

• R1 briefs R2 and Line Judges on their
  responsibilities
• R2 briefs scorekeepers, libero trackers and
  timers on their responsibilities (available NLT
  20 minutes to game 1)
• Short and rehearsed
• Ask if the individual has performed their given
  function before (if yes, let them tell/show you
  their duties and make corrections as necessary)
• If you need a cheat sheet, use Mary Donnellans
  sheet

32
R2 Responsibilities Remember, you work for the
R1 and are part of his/her team

• Supervise the positioning of team benches and the
  scorers table
• Review duties with the scorers and timers
• Check the team line-ups before the game
• Administer time-outs and substitutions
• Grant serving order requests (line up checks)
• Echo signals made by the referee
• Make net fault calls
• Responsible for the net from the bottom of the
  top net cord to the ground
• Make center line foot fault calls
• Responsible for alignment of the receiving team
• Make back row attack and block calls for the
  receiving team
• Make ball handling calls when the referee is
  screened from the play
• Keep time during time-outs
• Verify the accuracy of the score sheet at the end
  of each game
• Primarily responsible for bench control

33
R2 Techniques / Mechanics

• Maintain the tempo of the game/match
• Scan both benches during dead balls (start with
  the serving team and then the receiving team)
• Anticipate coaching moves
• Substitutions
• Time outs
• Do not delay subs in the sub zone, expedite the
  substitution
• Read player numbers as they approach the side
  line
• Position yourself by the scorers table
• Position yourself on the blocking team side of
  the net and transition to the other side before
  the 2nd team contact
• Angle over distance (be able to see the entire
  length of the net and center line), do not get
  married to the support

34
R2 Techniques / Mechanics cont

• Control the scorers table (scorers, libero
  trackers and timers)
• Establish a rapport with the scorer, libero
  tracker, timer, and coaches.
• Maintain control of the benches
• Hustle
• Alter your position as required to get a better
  look at the net
• Assist the referee in calling the match Work as
  a team!
• Maintain eye contact with the R1 when echoing
  signals
• Do not hide behind the support when echoing
  signals
• Take preventive measures to ensure you never have
  a team delay for the coach turning in a roster or
  line up late
• If a libero is not listed on the team line up,
  ask the coach if they intend to use a libero in
  the game (provided the line up was provided
  within the required time)

35
Scorekeeper Responsibilities

• Report NLT 20 minutes before match time
• Receive team rosters 10 min before start of match
• Receive line ups 2 min before end of warm ups and
  NLT 1 min before subsequent games
• Complete the heading section of the score sheet
• Record the score of the match
• Record time outs
• Record substitutions
• Record comments
• Record the final score for each game
• Designate the serving order when requested
• Notify R2 of discrepancies in the score
• Notify the R2 when the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th
  substitutes are used by a team also notify R2
  of 19th substitute, if necessary
• Notify R2 of improper servers
• Notify R2 of illegal substitutions
• Notify the R2 when game point is reached

36
Scorekeeping

• The scorekeeper works for the R2 is present 20
  minutes before match start time
• The timer and scorekeeper work in tandem
• Scorekeeper must write small enough to record all
  activities
• Scorekeeper records
• The starting line-up for each team in proper
  serving order
• All information in the heading of the score sheet
• Every play or action
• Result of a serve
• Point (in players scoring section corresponding
  to correct server)
• Loss of Rally (-)
• Slash or put a rectangle around team running
  score
• Substitution (S or Sx entering/leaving) slash
  total team substitute number
• Time out (T or Tx score of team taking time
  out/score of opponent)
• Penalty (P or Px)
• Replay (R)
• Re-serve (R-S)

37
Scorekeeping cont.

• Scorekeeper records
• Comments
• Warnings (Y_, Score of offending team Opponent
  Score)
• Penalties (R_, Score of offending team
  Opponent Score)
• Disqualifications (DQ_, Score of offending team
  Opponent Score)
• Uniform/Equipment Violations (E_, Score of
  offending team Opponent Score)
• Unconscious Players (unconscious player _)
• Exceptional Substitutions (exceptional sub,
  player entering game/player coming out of game)

38
Libero Tracker Responsibilities

• Notify the R2 when a libero is/is not designated
  for a game by the teams prior to game start time
• Communicate with the scorekeeper on libero
  replacements
• Record all substitutions and libero replacements
  on the libero tracking sheet
• Tell the R2 if the libero is replaced by an
  incorrect player or an undesignated libero enters
  the game
• Notify the R2 if the libero does not stay out of
  the game for one rally between replacements
• Sit next to the scorekeeper

39
Timer Responsibilities

• Report 20 minutes before match time
• Test timing device
• Time pre-match warm up period (8,5,5,2)
• Sit next to the scorekeeper
• Work in tandem with scorekeeper
• Keep time for team charged time-outs (45 sec and
  60 sec audible sound)
• Keep injury time outs (30 sec)
• Time the period between games (3 minutes
  audible sound at 2 min 45 sec and 3 min)

40
Line Judge Responsibilities

• Report NLT 20 minutes before match start time
• Straddle the corner of the end and sideline
• Stand at the intersection of the attack line and
  side line near the R1 during time outs
• Watch for foot faults by the server
• Signal when the ball is out-of-bounds
• Lands outside the lines marking the court
• Does not cross the vertical plane of the net
  between the antennas
• Contacts any part of the net, antenna, support,
  structure, or ref stand outside of the antennas
• Is out-of-bounds because of contact with an
  obstruction
• Signal when the ball lands in bounds
• Signal for touches
• Signal if they do not see the play
• Respond to all referee requests

41
Line Judges - General

• R1 briefs line judges
• Line judges should be at the match NLT 20 minutes
  prior to match start time (our officials 30
  minutes)
• If a MAC official, line judges do not check nets
  or balls (unless directed to do so by the R1)
• R1 briefing should be quick and focus on the
  essentials
• Line judges will wear the same uniform as other
  MAC officials if a MAC official (if parents or
  fans - adults only, no hats, no walkmans, no food
  or drinks near the court or in the possession of
  the line judge, proper decorum remember they
  are part of your officiating crew)
• If a line judge is a parent, they are not allowed
  to cheer for their team they are part of the
  officiating crew

42
Line Judge Briefings

• Quick and to-the-point
• 5 signals
• Out
• Touch
• In
• Service Fault
• Did not see/no input call
• Hints for line judges
• Pick up the stationary object
• Do not lock in on the ball for plays close to the
  line or near the net
• Focus on the line first as ball crosses the line
  on a close play
• Focus on blockers hands instead of keeping eyes
  on the ball
• Line judge on the blocker side has responsibility
  for touch (however, other line judge may make a
  call if they see it)
• Line judges should help with balls hitting
  overhead objects that go out-of-bounds
• Responsibilities are limited to those delineated
  in the R1/Line judge briefing
• Do not interact with coaches
• During time outs come to the side of the R1 and
  stand at the intersection of the attack line and
  side line

43
Additional Information to Make You Dangerous

• A Potpourri of Information

44
Overlaps

• Anticipate them (watch the setter, adjust your
  position as necessary to get a better look)
• Look for the libero
• Understand serving order and describe overlaps to
  coaches or captains using players numbers or
  physical location (e.g., 3 is overlapped with
  9 or your right-back is overlapped with your
  right-front)
• The server on the serving team may overlap with
  the center-back or left-back player (i.e., they
  can serve from anywhere along the end line)
• At the time of the serve
• All right-side players must have part of one foot
  closer to the right sideline than both feet of
  the center player in their corresponding row
• All left-side players must have part of one foot
  closer to the left sideline than both feet of the
  center player in their corresponding row
• All front row players must have part of one foot
  closer to the center line than both feet of their
  corresponding back row player

45
Screening

• Rarely called
• Requires two players close together or a player
  immediately in front of the server
• R1 must determine
• Defenders ability to move one or two steps
  laterally to maintain same defensive posture
• Trajectory of the serve
• Serve must be to the screened player
• Actions of screeners
• Take Preventative Officiating Measures

46
Pre-Match Conference

• R1, R2, Coaches, and Captains
• 25 minutes before match starts (15 min by rules
  book)
• R1 and R2 face the net side-by-side, coaches and
  captains face one another on their respective
  side of the center line
• Topics to cover
• Greetings
• Rule changes
• Uniforms and Equipment
• Ground Rules
• Pre-match Warm-up (8/5/5/2)
• Fairfax County Schools (shared court/home
  team/visiting team/shared serve)
• Loudoun County Matches (shared court/service
  team/receiving team/shared serve)
• Loudoun Valley and Stone Bridge exceptions
• Exceptions (transportation problem, multiple
  court warm-up opportunity, etc.)
• Coin Toss
• Salutations

47
Uniforms Equipment

• Verify with both coaches that all players are
  properly uniformed and equipped during the
  pre-match conference
• Uniforms shall be worn properly and as designated
  by the manufacturer
• All uniforms must be free of hard and unyielding
  items such as buttons, zippers, snaps, and
  fasteners
• All players on a team will wear like-colored
  uniforms
• Religious exceptions require a note on file from
  a church representative
• If compression shorts are worn and exposed, they
  must be a similar color to the uniform bottom and
  all players on the team must have compression
  shorts
• All shirts must have numbers (no more than 2
  digits)
• See Rule 4, Section 2 for dimensions on
  manufacturers logos and other patches allowed

48
Uniforms Equipment cont

• No jewelry
• Anything on the wrist or around the neck is
  jewelry
• No earrings (no studs) taping not allowed
  (differs from USAV interpretation)
• Nothing hard in the hair (soft items may be no
  more than 2 wide)
• No artificial hard guard is allowed on fingers,
  hands, wrists, or forearms
• Cover other supports and braces with padding
  (point of emphasis describes no hard guard more
  than half-way down forearm)
• No equipment that increases a players advantage
  or is a safety concern (e.g., towel hanging from
  shorts)
• No body paint or glitter on a players hair,
  face, uniform or body (nothing that can rub off
  onto the ball or the court)
• Medical and religious medallions are allowed, but
  must be taped and worn under the uniform.
• Penalty Unnecessary delay Team time out or
  point for the opponent if no time outs remain.
  2nd equipment/uniform offense is a loss of rally
  (if applicable) and point for the opponent.

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Ground Rules (Playable and Non-playable
areas/obstructions)

• Court should be free of obstructions for 6 from
  end lines and side lines
• All overhead obstructions should be gt than 23
  (7m) to be playable
• All parts of a system (e.g. backboard, basket,
  net, and support) must be gt 23 to be playable
• Make a judgment call on obstructions less than
  23 high or less than 6 from court boundaries
• Instant dead ball
• Does a player have a play on the ball?
• Consider trajectory, speed, height, etc.
• Keep the area between the scorers table and
  benches free of debris and objects
• Keep spectators off the first row of bleachers
• If uncertain, ask your partner for advice, lastly
  ask the coach how they rule on something in their
  gymnasium that is peculiar

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Injuries

• Coach has 30 seconds to determine
• Injured player will continue
• There will be a substitution
• If legal sub, injured player may return
• If exceptional sub, injured player is out for the
  game
• Time out requested by team
• Be supportive of injury, but do not allow coach
  to extend time limits
• Unconscious player (determination by R1)
• Unavailable for the rest of the match without
  written doctor approval
• Safely remove injured player from court
• Bleeding injuries are treated as injury time outs
• Injuries prior to game are not penalized by
  regular substitution procedures

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Use of Penalty Cards

• Use preventative officiating first
• Cards are cumulative in a match and carry over
  from previous games
• Officials do not have to issue a yellow card
  before issuing a red card or a red card before a
  disqualification
• R1 administers cards, R2 may request cards
• The scorekeeper records the penalty in the
  comments section of the score sheet
• Remember that a yellow card is only a warning
• Use cards for unsportsmanlike conduct
• Use yellow cards for
• Warning for minor offenses
• Coaches repeatedly ignoring instructions from the
  R2 or R1
• Players other than the captain addressing the R1
  or commenting about ball handling calls or
  complaining on the court
• Use of illegal equipment
• Coach or player attempting to grandstand

52
Use of Penalty Cards cont

• Use Red Cards for
• Serious misconduct
• Swearing
• Taunting an opponent
• Use of tobacco
• Repeat offenses that have already received a
  yellow card
• Disqualification should occur when
• A player or coach commits a second serious
  offense or third minor offense
• Fighting
• Injuring another player intentionally
• Degree of offense and level of card (yellow vs.
  red vs. yellow/red) is at the discretion of the
  R1 and is not subject to protest

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Maintaining Bench Decorum and Court Control

• Put the impetus on the captain and coach for
  enforcement
• Coaches and players on the bench must remain
  seated during play except to greet a substitute,
  call for a substitution or time-out, or to
  express enthusiasm for a good play (Describe new
  test/experiment for 2005)
• Beckon the captain to relay messages to the coach
  and or team mates on the bench
• Use a hand gesture to warn the coach
• Do not allow taunting or disrespectful behavior
• Do not allow coaches to attempt to influence
  calls
• All requests to the scorers table should go
  through the R2

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Substitutions

• 18 team substitutions per game
• Players must substitute into the same position in
  the line-up
• More than one substitution is permitted by a team
  during a time out if made through the same
  request for substitution or does not otherwise
  delay the game
• A sub may be requested by a coach or by a player
  walking into the substitution zone (between
  attack line and center line)
• Substitution is not allowed prior to the start of
  the game
• Improper substitution is corrected and coaches
  and players are warned subsequent/repeated
  offenses may be penalized with a team delay
• Delayed substitution is a team delay
• Illegal substitution is a team delay
• Adjudication is based on time that the illegal
  substitute is recognize, if in the game
• Illegal player is replaced by a legal player
  immediately

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Tough Rules/Plays

• Finger Action
• In Play vs. Out of Play
• Team vs. Individual faults
• Back row fouls
• Improper server / illegal substitution
• Variations in foot faults or situations creating
  interference

56
Media/Photographers

• Where can they stand/sit?
• Non-playable areas
• Coachs discretion in non-playable area
• Focus on safety of players
• No flash photography during live balls/play (from
  the time the R1 beckons for serve until the
  whistle is blown signaling a dead ball)

57
How to Improve
58
Becoming a Better VB Official

• Review the Rules Book
• Receive guidance from higher rated officials
• Review/subscribe to available VB
  publications/periodicals
• Become certified as a USAV and PAVO VB official
• Study the game
• Get as much feedback as possible
• Request as many evaluations as possible
• Dont worry about making mistakes
• Challenge yourself
• Tell someone on the training committee you want
  to move to the next level
• Practice your mechanics (use the mirror or a
  partner for feedback)
• Conduct an honest self assessment ask for
  assistance from fellow VB officials

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USAV/PAVO

• Local USAV Region is Chesapeake Region Volleyball
  Association (CHRVA)
• CHRVA web site is www.chrva.org
• Web site provides links to other volleyball
  associations and to a Referee page
  http//www.vball-life.org/officials/index.cfm
• Most coaches and players participate in USAV
  juniors program and/or play in the adult program
• You must be USAV certified to officiate
  recreation VB in the area
• Regional USAV certification is required to
  officiate college matches in the area (PAVO is
  the governing body)
• USAV certification requires a commitment
• 6 8 hour clinic
• 5 passing recommendations
• 3 R1 passing ratings
• 2 scorekeeper passing ratings
• 3 days worth of effort
• Involvement in USAV and PAVO leads to recognition
  by players, coaches, and fellow referees
• USAV clinics are typically in the mid to late
  October timeframe
• PAVO clinic is held in August and is required to
  referee college VB

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