English as a Second Language - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 17
About This Presentation
Title:

English as a Second Language

Description:

Kimberly Money and Angela Campbell. May 25, 1970 Memorandum 'Where inability to speak and understand the English language excludes national ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:627
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 18
Provided by: davi436
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: English as a Second Language


1
English as a Second Language
  • Instructional Approaches
  • And
  • Methodologies
  • Kimberly Money and Angela Campbell

2
May 25, 1970 Memorandum
  • Where inability to speak and understand the
    English language excludes national origin
    minority group children from effective
    participation in the educational program offered
    by a school district, the district must take
    affirmative steps to rectify the language
    deficiency in order to open its instructional
    program to these students.

3
Lau v. Nichols (1974)
  • Affirmed the validity of the May 25th Memorandum
    extending the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to
    language minority children.
  • Affirmed the authority of D/HEW to require
    affirmative remedial efforts to give special
    attention to linguistically deprived children
    (LAU Remedies)

4
School Systems Have anObligation to
  • Overcome the direct obstacle to learning which
    the language itself imposes
  • Provide limited English proficient students with
    assistance in other areas of the curriculum

5
Audio-lingual Approach
  • B. F. Skinner (Behavorist)
  • Approach made popular by the military
  • Meaningful chunks of language
  • Inductive, errors avoided!
  • Dialogues
  • Language Lab popular devise used

6
Direct Method
  • Berlitz DeSauze
  • Inductive
  • Allows students to figure out the rules
  • Learn by discovery
  • Example Kindergarten centers

7
Direct Method (cont.)
  • Teaches reading and writing first, before
    speaking and listening skills
  • Emphasizes correct pronunciation
  • Uses visual aids and pantomimes
  • Total use of second language NO Translation

8
Grammar-Translation
  • Students translate famous literature
  • Memorize grammar rules
  • Highly-structured, teacher controlled learning
    environment
  • NO Emphasis on Oral Language
  • The only method of second language learning until
    the 19th century.

9
Silent Way
  • Gattegno (theorist)
  • Peace Corps
  • Use of little materials
  • Students develop their own criteria for
    correctness.
  • Teacher is active in setting up situations, while
    students do most of the talking and interacting.

10
Suggestopedia
  • Lozanov (theorist)
  • Relaxed, subdued atmosphere, soft music
  • Students relax and listen, playfully practice
    during an activation phase
  • Activity Act out being a character

11
Community Language Learning
  • Curren (theorist)
  • Learner-generated
  • Secure atmosphere, not threatening
  • Students choose what topics they want to learn in
    the target language
  • Base lessons on what students want to learn
  • Students overcome fears
  • Minimal teacher preparation
  • Great for Adult ESL programs

12
Total Physical Response
  • Asher/Crashen (theorists)
  • Acting out commands issued by teacher
  • Teacher offers humorous variations of the
    commands
  • Fun activities, games, skits

13
Communicative Approach
  • Use of Authentic Materials
  • Emphasizes functions over form
  • Small group work and discussions
  • Stresses the need to teach communication skills
    as opposed to linguistic skills (verb
    conjugations).

14
Methodologies Used Today
  • Grammar-Translation
  • Direct Method
  • Total Physical Response
  • Audiolingual Approach

15
Eight Methodologies
Suggestopedia
Total Physical Response
Silent Way
Audio-lingual
Grammar-Translation
Direct Method
Communicative Approach
Community Language Learning
16
Modifications
  • Extended Time
  • Use of Dictionary
  • Peer Tutor
  • Abbreviated assignments
  • Alternative grading
  • Reduced Assignments
  • Oral Tests
  • Alternate Materials of varying levels
  • Provide a photocopy of class notes.
  • Audio Tapes

17
References
  • Davidson County Schools Student Education Plan
  • LEP Trainer of Trainers Manual
  • Adapting Instruction to Accommodate Students in
    Inclusive Settings (J. Wood)
  • Eight Approaches to Language Teaching, G.
    Doggett, (Eric Clearinghouse on Languages and
    Linguistics)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com