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How lubricant is made?

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How lubricant is made? Refined Base Oil + Additives (Chemical) = Lubricants Where does lubricant come from? Base Oil is refined from crude oil (2 types of crude) 1. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: How lubricant is made?


1
How lubricant is made?
Refined Base Oil Additives
(Chemical) Lubricants
2
Where does lubricant come from?
  • Base Oil is refined from crude oil
  • (2 types of crude)
  • 1. Paraffinic waxy or sweet crude
  • 2. Napthenic asphaltic or sour crude

3
Where does lubricant come from?
  • The best crude oil to use to make high quality
    base oil is paraffinic!
  • Some poor quality base oils are made from
    napthenic crude oil!

4
WSO BASE OILS
Types of base oils
  • Paraffinic Oils
  • High VI
  • High Flash Point
  • Lighter Color
  • Source of wax
  • Two distinct groups
  • Group I
  • Group II
  • Naphthenic
  • Low Pour Point-as low as -51C
  • More Soluble-good seal swell
  • Easier to Refine-no wax
  • Synthetics
  • Synthesized Hydrocarbons
  • PAO
  • Organic Esters
  • Polyglycols
  • Phosphate Esters
  • High VI-120
  • High temperature stability
  • Low temperature fluidity
  • Low volatility

5
Group II Base Oils

What makes WSO motor oil so good??
  • WSO uses Group II base oils in its
    manufacturing of engine oils

With the exception of SF/CD and SG/CF-4 grades
produced in Bangkok
6
Group II Oxidation Chart
Hydraulic Oil
7
Lubrication Fundamentals
Base Oil Color Scale
8
Summary
lubricants start with base oils refined from
crude oils 2 types, paraffinic and
napthenic The best base oils for motor oils come
are paraffinic base oils High quality motor oils
are made with Paraffinic base oils WSO
motor oils come from Group II
9
Part 2 How lubricant is made?
Refined Base Oil Additives
(Chemical) Lubricants
10
MOTOR OIL ADDITIVES
Additives
Type
Reason For Use
  • Dispersants
  • Detergents
  • Anti-wear Agents
  • Anti-oxidants
  • Suspend sludge, carbon, and deposit forming
    material
  • Control high temperature piston ring belt
    deposits, neutralize combustion/blowby acids
  • Reduce wear and form protective film
  • Control oil oxidation, varnish, and sludge

11
MOTOR OIL ADDITIVES
Type
Reason For Use
Additives
  • Rust Corrosion Inhibitors
  • Friction Modifiers
  • Viscosity Modifiers
  • Prevent engine rust and corrosion
  • Reduce fuel consumption
  • Maintain low oil consumption and reduce viscosity
    change with temperature

12
The Job of the lubricant
  • Protect Against Wear
  • oil must protect parts under boundary lubrication
  • Protect Against Corrosion
  • protect metal parts against rust and corrosion
  • Protect Against Deposits
  • resist deposit formation (sludge and varnish)
  • Resist Foaming
  • Reduce Friction
  • oil must form a fluid film between highly loaded
    parts
  • Coolant
  • oil must remove heat
  • Remove Contaminants
  • oil must carry away contaminants from both
    internal and external sources

13
Important Characteristics
  • API Rating
  • Viscosity
  • Viscosity Index
  • rate of change from 37.7C to 98.8C
  • higher VI (90 and above) is considered a better
    quality oil
  • Flash Point
  • temperature at which oil will flash when
    exposed to a flame
  • Pour Point
  • lowest temperature at which the oil will pour.
  • Other characteristics such as
  • gravity, color, carbon, etc.

14
SAE CATEGORIES
API Performance Categories-Gasoline
15
SAE CATEGORIES
API Performance Categories-Gasoline
16
What is Viscosity?
  • The Role of Viscosity
  • Viscosity is a measure of the oils resistance to
    flow
  • An oils resistance to flow is responsible for
    most of the drag put on the starter during
    cranking
  • The Cold Cranking Simulator and Mini Rotary
    Viscometer are the primary tests used to define
    the SAE W viscosity grades
  • Adequate viscosity at the operating temperature
    provides a thick, continuous film of oil between
    moving engine parts, hydrodynamic viscosity
  • Adequate viscosity on piston ring surfaces and
    cylinder walls help seal the combustion chamber
  • Too much viscosity at the operating temperature
    can create added resistance, resulting in
    increased fuel consumption, reduced heat
    transfer, and increased oil consumption

17
Passenger Car Motor Oils
API Engine Oil Certification System
  • EOLCS Has Two Types of API Engine Oil Licensing
    and Certification System Marks
  • API Service Symbols
  • API Certification Mark
  • Oils licensed to use this mark meet current ILSAC
    GF-3 standards

18
Problems with motor oils
Use and Maintenance Factors
  • Drain Interval
  • Dominant factor in control of wear and deposits
  • Governed by the severity
  • Before contaminant load becomes to great
  • Set by used oil analysis for large fleets
  • Established by manufacturer on basis of
    experience
  • Contamination based on load factor
  • passenger cars have light load factor
  • heavy duty fleet have high load factors

19
Problems with using poor quality oils
Oil change intervals too long
  • Light-load
  • Short trip
  • Water

20
Problems using poor quality oils
Deposits
  • Gasoline Engines
  • Sludge
  • Low Temperature
  • Cold Starts
  • Short Trips
  • Condensation
  • Gasoline Components
  • polymers formed by acids and NOx
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