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Title: Space


1
Space The Final Frontier
2
Early astronomers
  • Astronomer - Astronomers use the principles of
    physics and mathematics to learn about the
    fundamental nature of the universe, including the
    sun, moon, planets, stars, ...
  • Nicholas Copernicus (1473 1543) the first
    astronomer to teach that the sun (not the Earth)
    was the center of the solar system.
  • Galileo Galilei built the first telescope in
    1609 and proved Copernicus correct.

3
What is out there?
  • Ever since mankind has looked up at the moon and
    stars, we have wandered about life in the
    universe.

4
How big is the universe?
  • Billions of stars planets galaxies

5
What is the difference between a solar system,
galaxy, and the universe?
  • Solar System our solar system includes our sun,
    moon, asteroid belt, and 9 planets
  • Our solar system is part of the Milky way Galaxy.
  • The universe is made up of many galaxies.

6
The Universe
  • We can observe only a portion of the entire
    universe. Because the universe is only about 14
    billion years old, light has only had about 14
    billion years to travel through it. Therefore,
    the most distant regions of the universe we can
    see are about 14 billion light-years away. This
    is the extent of the "observable universe," but
    the entire universe is probably much larger. It
    could even extend infinitely in all directions.

7
The name of our galaxy is
  • The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. Our Sun
    and all of the stars that you see at night belong
    to the Milky Way. When you go outside on a dark
    night and look up, you will see a milky,
    misty-looking band stretching across the sky.
    When you look at this band, you are looking into
    the densest parts of the Milky Way, the "disk"
    and the "bulge."

8
The Milky way Galaxy
  • A galaxy is an enormous collection of gas, dust
    and billions of stars held together by gravity.
    One galaxy can have hundreds of billions of stars
    and be as large as 200,000 light years across.

9
Our solar system is located in the outer reaches
of the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a spiral
galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy contains roughly 200
billion stars. Most of these stars are not
visible from Earth. Almost everything that we can
see in the sky belongs to the Milky Way Galaxy.
10
Earth in the Milky Way
11
Solar System
  • The solar system consists of the Sun the eight
    official planets, at least three "dwarf planets",
    more than 130 satellites of the planets, a large
    number of small bodies (the comets and
    asteroids), and the interplanetary medium. (There
    are probably also many more planetary satellites
    that have not yet been discovered.)
  • The inner solar system contains the Sun, Mercury,
    Venus, Earth and Mars
  • The outer system contains Jupiter, Saturn,
    Uranus, and Neptune

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13
Facts About Earth
  • Distance from the sun - 93 million miles
  • Distance from the moon - 240,000 miles
  • Circumference - 25,000 miles

14
Chuck Yeager
15
Chuck Yeager of WV
  • Chuck Yeager was born and raised in WV.
  • In 1947, Chuck Yeager drove the first plane to
    break the sound barrier.
  • US was ahead of the world in the space race.
  • But then

16
Space Race Begins
  • History changed on October 4, 1957, when the
    Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The
    world's first artificial satellite was about the
    size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds,
    and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on
    its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new
    political, military, technological, and
    scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch
    was a single event, it marked the start of the
    space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race.

17
Sputnik 1
18
Vanguard
  • The US thought they would be the first to
    successfully launch a satellite into space. They
    put together a scientific team and began working
    on Vanguard.

19
Vanguard
20
US vs Russia
  • The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a
    technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world's
    attention and the American public off-guard. Its
    size was more impressive than Vanguard's intended
    3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public feared
    that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites
    also translated into the capability to launch
    ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear
    weapons from Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets
    struck again on November 3, Sputnik II was
    launched, carrying a much heavier payload,
    including a dog named Laika. 

21
Explorer 1
  • Explorer project 4 months after Sputnik US sent
    Explorer 1 into space.

22
Mariner Project
  • The Mariner Project was a series of US space
    probes build to provide information on the inner
    planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars.
  • Mariner 2 launched in 1962.
  • Many embarrassing disasters on the launch pad at
    Cape Canaveral.

23
Mariner I failed on launch pad.
24
Voyager
  • The Mariner Project was renamed
  • Voyager.
  • Voyager 1 launched from Kennedy Space Center
    September 1977. In 1980 it approached Saturn.
  • Voyager 2 launched from Cape Canaveral in 1977
    also.

25
Voyager images
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29
Space Probes (Satellites)
  • Mariner
  • Viking 1 and 2 (summer 1976) 1st successful
    landing on mars. Designed to explore inner
    planets
  • Voyager 1 and 2 designed to explore outer planets
  • Galileo 1989 The 1st probe to orbit Jupiter
    and sent a smaller probe into its atmosphere.
    Launched from a space shuttle.

30
NASA
  • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    (NASA) is an agency of the United States federal
    government, responsible for the nation's public
    space program. Established on July 29, 1958, by
    the National Aeronautics and Space Act.

31
Space Centers
  • Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Mostly a
    manned spacecraft center. Established in 1965.
  • Kennedy Space Center Cape Canaveral Florida.
    Mostly a satellite and shuttle center.
  • Other places include Mississippi.

32
Manned Space Program
  • Mercury Program

33
Mercury Program
  • The Mercury Program (1960 1962)
  • 1st program to put an astronaut into space.

34
Mercury-Redstone 3FREEDOM 7May 5, 1961Alan B.
Shepard, Jr. 15 minutes, 28 secondsSuborbital
flight that successfully put the first American
in space.
35
Gemini Program
  • Was a manned space program to put 2 men into
    space hence the name Gemini which means twin.
  • To subject man and equipment to space flight up
    to two weeks in duration.
  • To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and
    to maneuver the docked combination by using the
    target vehicle's propulsion system
  • To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and
    landing at a preselected point on land. Its goals
    were also met, with the exception of a land
    landing, which was cancelled in 1964.

36
Gemini Launch
37
The Apollo Program
  • Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight
    missions undertaken by NASA, on behalf of the
    United States of America. The program used the
    Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, and
    was conducted during the years 1961 1975. It
    was devoted to the goal (in U.S. President John
    F. Kennedy's famous words) of "landing a man on
    the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth"
    within the decade of the 1960s. This goal was
    achieved with the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969.

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41
The US Space Shuttle
  • The US space shuttle was designed to be launched
    into space by rockets and then to return to the
    Earths surface by gliding down and landing on a
    runway. It was first used in the 1980s.
  • It is the first reusable spacecraft.

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45
Shuttle Missions
  • Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlantis.
    Challenger was destroyed on launch in 1986, and
    Endeavour was built as a replacement. Columbia
    was destroyed on re-entry in 2003.

46
Challenger Crew
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49
The International Space Station
  • A joint effort between 5 space agencies.
  • The agencies include the US, Russia, Japan,
    Canada, and Europe.
  • It orbits in low earth orbit.
  • The station has continuous people staying since
    it was first occupied in 2000.

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