The LEAST effective means of controlling pest

1

• The LEAST effective means of controlling pest
• species such as rats or roaches over a long
• period of time is generally to
• a. limit food supplies.
• b. reduce the number of potential habitats.
• c. distribute pesticides throughout the habitat.
• d. introduce predators of the pest.
• e. introduce a disease which affects only the
  pest.

answer c
2

• In a population at equilibrium, thousands of eggs
• and hundreds of tadpoles are produced by a
• single pair of frogs. About how many offspring
• will live to maturity and reproduce?
• 0
• 2
• 10-20
• 100
• more than 100

answer b
3
Two fossil vertebrates, each representing
a different class, are found in the undisturbed
rock layers of a cliff. One fossil is a
representation of the earliest amphibians. The
other fossil, found in an older rock layer below
the amphibians, is most likely to be a. a
dinosaur. b. a fish. c. an insectivorous
mammal. d. a snake. e. a bird.
answer b
4

• The bones of a human arm are homologous to
• structures in all of the following EXCEPT a
• whale flipper.
• bat wing.
• butterfly wing.
• bird wing.
• frog forelimb.

answer c
5

• Some varieties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are now
• resistant to penicillin. These varieties of
  bacteria
• most probably developed as a result of
• natural selection.
• hybrid vigor.
• coevolution.
• adaptive radiation.
• convergent evolution.

answer a
6

• The differences in cricket calls among sympatric
• species of crickets are examples of
• habitat isolation.
• temporal isolation.
• physiological isolation.
• behavioral isolation.
• geographic isolation.

answer d
7

• Which of the following statements best describes
• the effect of genetic drift on the gene
  frequencies
• of a population?
• Genes enter a population through immigration
• thus changing gene frequencies.
• b. Genes leave a population through emigration
• thus changing gene frequencies.
• c. Chance alone can cause significant changes
• in gene frequencies of small populations.
• d. Mutations over time cause gene frequencies
• to change.
• e. Selection against one allele causes gene
• frequencies to change.

answer c
8

• Which of the following is an acceptable
• definition of evolution?
• a change in the phenotypic makeup of a
• population.
• b. a change in the genetic makeup of a
• population
• c. a change in the environmental conditions
• d. a change in the genotypic makeup of an
• individual
• e. a change in the species composition of a
• community

answer b
9

• Anatomical structures that show similar function
• but dissimilar embryonic and evolutionary
• background are said to be
• homologous.
• primitive.
• analogous.
• monophyletic.
• polyphylectic.

answer c
10
Natural selection is based on all the
following EXCEPT a. variation exists within
populations. a. the fittest individuals leave the
most offspring. c. there is differential
reproductive success within populations. d.
populations tend to produce more individuals than
the environment can support. e. individuals must
adapt to their environment.
answer e
11

• The statement Improving the intelligence of an
• adult through education will result in the
  adults
• descendants being born with a greater native
• intelligence is an example of
• Darwinism
• Larmarckism
• neo-Darwinism
• scala naturae
• natural selection

answer b
12

• One finds that organisms on islands are different
• from, but closely related to, similar forms found
  
• on the nearest continent. This is taken as
• evidence that
• island forms and mainland forms descended
• from common ancestors.
• b. common environments are inhabited by the
• same forms.
• c. the islands were originally part of the
  continent.
• d. the island forms and mainland forms are
• converging.
• e. island forms and mainland forms share the
• same gene pool.

answer a
13

• Many species of animal are indigenous to caves.
• Which of the following structures would MOST
• likely to have become vestigial in these
• organisms?
• eyes
• ears
• teeth
• legs
• tail

answer a
14

• Catastrophism was Cuviers attempt to explain
• evolution.
• the fossil record.
• uniformitarianism.
• the origin of new species.
• natural selection.

answer b
15

• Which of the following is NOT a requirement for
• maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• an increasing mutation rate
• random mating
• large population size
• no migration
• no natural selection

answer a
16

• In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg
• equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is
  0.3.
• What is the percentage of the population that
• is homozygous for this allele?
• 3
• 9
• 21
• 30
• 42

answer b
17

• Gene frequencies in a gene pool may shift
• randomly and by chance. This is called
• artificial selection.
• adaptive radiation.
• climatic shift.
• genetic drift.
• natural selection.

answer d
18

• You sample a population of butterflies and find
• that 49 are heterozygous for a particular gene.
• What would be the frequency of the recessive
• allele in the population?
• 0.09
• 0.3
• 0.49
• 0.7
• allele frequency cannot be estimated from
• this information

answer e
19

• In modern terminology, diversity is understood
• to be a result of genetic variation. Sources of
• variation for evolution include all of the
• following EXCEPT
• mistakes in translation of structural genes.
• mistakes in DNA replication.
• translocations and mistakes in meiosis.
• recombination at fertilization.
• recombination by crossing over in meiosis.

answer a
20

• Darwins Finches of the Galapagos (several
• types of finch, each adapted to the environments
• of the different islands) are the textbook
  example
• of
• the bottleneck effect.
• crossing over in meiosis.
• adaptive radiation.
• heterozygote advantage.
• polymorphism.

answer c
21

• Recessive alleles in a population at Hardy-
• Weinberg equilibrium
• are not significant.
• remain stable indefinitely.
• are constantly selected against.
• are on a steady increase.
• are on a steady decrease.

answer b
22

• Most copies of harmful recessive alleles in a
• population are carried by individuals that are
• haploid.
• polymorphic.
• homozygous for the allele.
• heterozygous for the allele.
• afflicted with the disorder caused by the allele.

answer d
23

• Evolutionary fitness is measured by
• Physical strength
• Reproductive success
• Length of life
• Resistance to disease
• competiveness

Answer B
24

• The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c is
  exactly the
• same in humans and chimpanzees. There is a
  difference of
• 13 amino acids between the cytochrome c of humans
  and dogs,
• and a difference of 20 amino acids between the
  cytochrome c of
• humans and rattlesnakes. Which of the following
  statements
• is best supported by these data?
• Rattlesnakes apparently gave rise evolutionarily
  to the dog,
• chimpanzee, and human.
• Cytochrome c apparently has an entirely different
  function in
• rattlesnakes than in mammals, which
  explains the difference
• in the number of amino acids.
• c. Cytochrome c is not found universally in
  animals.
• Cytochrome c from a rattlesnake could function
  in a dog,
• but not in a chimpanzee.
• The human is apparently more closely related to
  the
• chimpanzee than to the dog or rattlesnake.

Answer D