Title: SOUTH AMERICA (CHAPTER 5: 222-233)
1SOUTH AMERICA(CHAPTER 5 222-233)
2MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES
- PHYSIOGRAPHY IS DOMINATED BY THE ANDES MOUNTAINS
S AND THE AMAZON BASIN. - POPULATION IS CONCENTRATED ALONG THE PERIPHERY.
- CULTURAL PLURALISM EXISTS IN MOST COUNTRIES AND
IS EXPRESSED REGIONALLY. - REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTERACTION HAS BEEN MINIMAL IN
THE PAST.
3PLATE TECTONICS
4PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
5PRECIPITATION
6THE INCA EMPIRE
- CULTURE HEARTH-INTERMONTANE BASIN AROUND CUZCO
(1200-1535 A.D.) - ALTIPLANOS WERE KEY TO SETTLEMENT PATTERNS.
- 20 MILLION SUBJECTS AT ITS ZENITH
- TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS AND INTEGRATION EFFORTS
WERE MOST IMPRESSIVE. - A HIGHLY CENTRALIZED STATE
7INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLONIAL DOMAINS
8SOUTH AMERICAS CULTURE SPHERES
9CULTURE SPHERES
Tropical-plantation
- Resembles Middle Americas Rimland
- Locations, soils, tropical climates favor
plantation crops, especially sugar. - Initially relied on African slave labor
10CULTURE SPHERES
European-commercial
- The most Latin part of South America
- Includes the Pampas - temperate grasslands
- Economically most advanced
- Transportation networks and quality of life are
excellent.
11CULTURE SPHERES
Amerind-subsistence
- Correlates with the former Inca Empire
- Feudal socioeconomic structure persists
- Includes some of South Americas poorest areas
- Subsistence agriculture must contend with
difficult environmental challenges.
12CULTURE SPHERES
Mestizo-transitional
- Surrounds the Amerindian-subsistence region
- A zone of mixture- culturally agriculturally
- Transitional -- economic connotations
13CULTURE SPHERES
Undifferentiated
- Characteristics are difficult to classify.
- Sparsely populated
- Isolation and lack of change- notable features
- Development of Amazonia may prompt significant
changes.
14SOUTH AMERICAS CULTURE SPHERES
Tropical-plantation
European-commercial
Amerind-subsistence
Mestizo-transitional
Undifferentiated
15ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
- MERCOSUR
- LAUNCHED IN 1995
- A SOUTHERN CONE COMMON MARKET
- INCLUDES BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, URUGUAY, AND PARAGUAY
- ANDEAN COMMUNITY
- INITIALLY FORMED IN 1969 (ANDEAN PACT)
- RESTARTED IN 1995
- MEMBERS ARE VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, PERU, ECUADOR,
AND BOLIVIA
16ECONOMIC INTEGRATION(CONTINUED)
- GROUP OF THREE (G-3)
- FORMED IN 1995
- INCLUDES MEXICO, VENEZUELA, AND COLOMBIA
- A FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION WHICH AIMS TO PHASE OUT
ALL TARIFFS BY 2005 - NAFTA
- LAUNCHED BY THE US, MEXICO, AND CANADA IN 1994
- SEEKING TO EXPAND INTO SOUTH AMERICA TO INCLUDE
CHILE
17POLITICAL MAP
18URBANIZATION
- THE MOVEMENT TO AND CLUSTERING OF PEOPLE IN TOWNS
AND CITIES - THE PERCENTAGE OF A COUNTRYS POPULATION LIVING
IN CITIES - 79 - CONTINENT-WIDE IN SOUTH AMERICA
- SOUTH AMERICAS INCREASE BASED ON RATE OF
NATURAL INCREASE AND INTERNAL MIGRATION - THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY MODEL
19GENERALIZED MODEL OFTHE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
CBD
Commercial Spine
20GENERALIZED MODEL OFTHE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
CBD
21GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Zone of Maturity
CBD
22GENERALIZED MODEL OFTHE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Zone of Maturity
CBD
Zone in Situ Accretion
23GENERALIZED MODEL OFTHE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Zone of Maturity
CBD
Zone in Situ Accretion
Zone of peripheral squatter settlements
24GENERALIZED MODEL OFTHE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Disamenity
Disamenity
Zone of Maturity
CBD
Zone in Situ Accretion
Zone of peripheral squatter settlements
25(No Transcript)
26POPULATION CARTOGRAM
27SOUTH AMERICA(CHAPTER 5 222-233)