GIS in Prevention County Profiles Series, No. 3

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THE INDIANA PREVENTION RESOURCE CENTER
GIS in Prevention County Profiles Series, No. 3
Gibson County, Indiana
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
The Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana
University is funded, in part, by a contract with
the Indiana Family and Social Services
Administration, Division of Mental Health and
Addiction, financially supported through
HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services
Administration, Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and
Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by
the Department of Applied Health Science and The
School of Health, Physical Education and
Recreation.
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GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3

• Gibson County, Indiana

Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP

Project Staff

Ritika Bhawal, MPH Solomon Briggs Kyoungsun Heo,
MPA
Srinivasa Konchada
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Opinions expressed herein are those of the
authors, and not necessarily those of the
Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of
Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University
accepts full Responsibility for the content of
this publication. 2005 The Trustees of Indiana
University. Permission is extended to reproduce
this County Profile for non-profit educational
purposes. All other rights reserved.
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6.6 - 6.15 Archival Risk Factors

• Community Risk Factors Laws Norms

Introduction Community Laws/Norms
HH Spending on Alcohol HH Spending on Tobacco Ad
ult Tobacco Behavior Tobacco Production Intensi
ty of Inspection (TRIP) Gambling Locations Adult
Gambling Behaviors Hoosier Lottery Statistics
Crime Statistics Introduction
Crime Indices Main Categories
Crime Indices Specific Crimes
FBI UCR All Arrests FBI UCR Juvenile Arrests
Alcohol Related Crashes More Alcohol Related Cr
ashes
Community Risk Factors Transitions Mobility
Net Migration (Domestic and International)
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Introduction Community Risk Factors
A childs view of normal is critically impacted
by the childs environment the sights, sounds,
tastes, textures, and smells of the childs
world Infants participate, from birth on, in
sociocultural activities that are committed to
cultural goals and values . . . (Keller, et al.
2004) If the child grows up seeing drugs and drug
use portrayed in a positive manner on local
billboards and local television and modeled at
home and elsewhere in the childs community, the
presence of drugs (and hence potential
availability) and use of drugs easily becomes the
childs norm. In this circumstance logic
suggests it would be norm-al for the child to
have the expectation that later in life he or
she, too, for better or worse, may use drugs. As
success tends to beget success, and good
parenting practices tend to be replicated by the
children raised in that environment, so
unfortunately, those who are abused are more
likely to become abusers, and those raised in a
climate of drug use are more likely to become
users.
The smell of cigarettes, the feel of icy beer
bottles and of delicate wine glasses, song lyrics
glamorizing drug use, and the over-use of
over-the-counter or prescription medications to
eliminate every small discomfort creates a notion
of normal that impacts the childs expectations
of human behavior, including his or her own. In
some instances, it can be difficult to separate
family norms and community norms. Many factors
contribute to the creation of community norms,
including family traditions, public policies, and
law enforcement practices. In general, community
norms will be the outcome of the beliefs and
practices of all the communitys governmental,
educational, social, religious, and business
enterprises.
Drug use modeling by adults in a community
creates an environment that is more hospitable
and encouraging of drug use by youth. This
modeling takes place within and outside of the
home. Since the statistics dont separate adults
from family settings from other adults, we have
included adult behaviors with regard to drugs as
a community indicator and simply mention it again
in the context of family indicators. Still,
clearly, this information from a community has
strong implications for family settings as well,
since one could assume that a significant number
of those adults live in family settings. Each
County Profile contains several maps and tables
comparing the block groups in a county for the
counts and percents of adults who smoke
cigarettes or cigars, drink alcohol, or gamble.
Where possible, indicator data is given in terms
of per household amounts.
Heide Keller, et al., 2004 The Bio-Culture of
Parenting Evidence from Five Cultural
Communities, Parenting Science and Practice
4/1 (2004)25-50.
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6.6 Household Spending on Alcohol
The following table presents per household
spending on alcohol for the year for this county,
the state and the nation.
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Map Spending on Beer/Ale for Home
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004 est., 2005
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6.7 Household Spending on Tobacco
The following table shows per household spending
on tobacco products. To give a better
perspective we will compare this figure to
household spending on miscellaneous reading
materials and personal insurance.
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6.8 Tobacco Production
Many counties in Indiana produce tobacco.
Economic dependence upon tobacco influences
community norms regarding smoking. It is
therefore important to take into account which
counties produce tobacco, the prevalence of
production, number of farms producing tobacco,
acres in tobacco production, and pounds of
tobacco harvested. If the county does not
produce tobacco, the rest of this page will be
empty.
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6.9 Youth Access to Tobacco
The IPRC is grateful to Sergeant Poindexter,
State Director of the Indiana Tobacco Retailer
Inspection Program (TRIP) and to Desiree Goetze,
Coordinator of TRIP at the Indiana Prevention
Resource Center, and to the staff and police
officers of TRIP for all the support they have
given to this project. The IPRC has studied
the TRIP data generously made available by the
Indiana State Excise Police and has created two
additional statistical measurements
for the intensity of inspections (the number of
inspections relative to the total number of
outlets) for the number of inspections per ca
pita for the population of youth most likely to
seek access to tobacco, (i.e., youth ages 10-17).
Intensity of inspection can be viewed as one of
many possible indicators of the degree of a
countys involvement in activities to create or
maintain a community norm that youth access to
tobacco is not tolerated.
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6.9 Intensity of Inspection (TRIP)
This table presents summary information relevant
to the Tobacco Retail Inspection Program (TRIP)
and tobacco access for minors. The Intensity of
Inspection is one indicator of the degree of
determination to establish and maintain a social
norm of no tolerance for the sale of tobacco to
minors and youth access to tobacco. This table
also includes rankings of key variables.
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6.10 Gambling Casinos Race Tracks
The presence of gambling establishments -- like
the presence of tobacco and alcohol outlets,
billboards and other forms of advertising
provides information on community environment
and, because of the relationship between gambling
and ATOD use, would appear to be an indicator of
risk for ATOD problems in a community. Below is a
listing of casinos and horse-racing
establishments located in this county. The rest
of the page will be blank if there are no casinos
or horse-racing establishments in this county.
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6.11a Adult Gambling Behavior
Like the modeling of smoking and drinking,
gambling by adults sets a tone for youth
expectations about what it means to be an adult.
This report includes maps and tables detailing
gambling behaviors by persons 18 and older. The
following tables describe gambling and related
leisure activities by persons ages 18 and over.
Also included is a ranking for any casino
gambling.
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Casino Gambling
Source AGS Consumer Behavior, 2004 (2005)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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6.11b Adult Gambling Behavior
The following table compares the percent of
households which engaged in leisure activities
related to gambling (playing bingo, playing
cards, and attending horseraces) in this county
compared to the state and nation.
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Playing Bingo
Source AGS Consumer Behavior, 2004 (2005)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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6.11c Gambling Hoosier Lottery Sales
The following statistics show Hoosier Lottery
sales by zip code for this county from the fiscal
year.
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6.12 Crime Statistics Introduction
People prefer to reside and businesses prefer to
locate where they feel safe to move about, to
study and to work. Levels of criminal activity
in an area constitute an environmental influence
on many aspects of life. People plan their lives
taking into account levels of danger associated
with activities. How late at night is it safe to
be out? on foot? by car? alone? with a group?
For a child, the nature of their environment
and the behaviors of their family, friends,
neighbors, classmates, and community members
strongly contribute to the childs view of the
world and of human nature, and to the childs
expectations for his or her own future behaviors
and fate. If people close to the child model
criminal behaviors or are often victims of the
same, the child will likely hold expectations,
including fears, of encountering similar future
circumstances. Hence crime statistics are a u
seful insight into the character of a place and
are important to consider in prevention planning.
A prevention program needs to be conducted in a
safe place and at a time when it is safe for
people to attend. The prevention professionals
planning the program could consider specific
activities designed to confront, enhance, or
offer alternatives to norms and role modeling
prevalent in the childs world.
Data about crimes, arrests and convictions is no
t collected in any one central location in the
state of Indiana at this time.
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• 6.12a Crime Indices

One of the best sources of data available for
Indiana at this time is the Crime Risk database
published by AGS, who use the FBIs Uniform Crime
Report. Because the level and methods of
reporting information to the FBI vary by
jurisdiction, information about specific crimes
should be viewed as a general indicator rather
than for exact precision or exact comparisons.
The AGS Crime Risk Index describes the risk of v
arious types of crime in a given geographic area
(e.g., city or state) by comparing the rate of
crime in that location to the rate of crime in
the nation as a whole. The crime rate for the
U.S. is set to 100 for all crimes. Hence a rate
of 200 means that the risk of crime in that place
is twice as high as for the nation as a whole.
(Think of these numbers not as counts of criminal
incidents, but as degrees of risk. Hence, an
index of 200 means that while the risk of this
crime is x per 1000 persons for the nation as a
whole, it is 2x per 1000 for the community in
question). The following table shows the Crime
Indices for Total Crime, Property Crime and
Personal Crime. This table shows indices for
this county, compared to Indiana and the nation.
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• 6.12a Crime Indices -- Rankings

The following table shows the ranking of this
county among Indianas 92 counties, and the
ranking of Indiana relative to the 50 states and
the District of Columbia.
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Map Total Crime Indices

• Bottom Quarter, Middle Range, Highest Quarter
  (above 56, above IN over US)

Above US (7), 101.55-208 Above IN (10), 93.55-208
Top Quarter (22), 56-208 Mid Range (48), 20-56
Lowest Quarter (22), 7-20
AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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Map Personal Crime Indices

• Bottom Quarter Mid Range (17-42) Top Quarter
  (above 42, above IN, above US)

Above US (2), 101.55-183 Above IN (6), 74.55-183
Top Quarter (22), 42-183 Mid Range (46),
17-42
Lowest Quarter (24), 7-17
AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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Map Property Crime Indices

• Bottom Quarter, Mid Range, Top Quarter (includes
  over IN over US)

Above US (9), 101.55-194 Above IN (12), 95.55-194
Top Quarter (23), 64-194 Mid Range (46), 19-64
Lowest Quarter (23), 4-19
AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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6.12b Crime Indices Specific Crimes
The following table shows the Crime Indices for
specific property and personal crimes. The
method is to compare the risk in a given location
to the general crime risk for the nation as a
whole. We see that in the context of the U.S.,
Indiana is generally safer than other places for
risk of robbery, but is more dangerous for risk
of murder. See the Appendix Glossary for
definitions of these crimes. This table shows
indices for this county, compared to Indiana and
the nation (which is the point of comparison) and
rankings comparing this county to the other 92
counties.
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6.12b Crime Indices Specific Crimes Rankings
The following table shows the ranking of this
county among Indianas 92 counties, and the
ranking of Indiana relative to the 50 states and
the District of Columbia.
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6.13a FBI UCR All Arrests
The following data is from the FBI Uniform Crime
Report as published by the University of Virginia
Library website. Below are data for all
arrests for crimes, including drug arrests, for
the indicated year and rankings comparing this
county to the other 92 counties.
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6.13b FBI UCR Juvenile Arrests
The following data is from the FBI Uniform Crime
Report as published by the University of Virginia
Library website. Below are data for juvenile
arrests for crimes, including drug arrests, for
the indicated year and rankings comparing this
county to the other 92 counties.
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6.14 Alcohol-Related Crashes
The Indiana Council on Drugged and Dangerous
Driving through the Indiana Criminal Justice
Institute publishes crash data for each county.
The most recent of data on drivers involved in
fatal crashes by blood alcohol content of the
driver are included in the following tables
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6.14 Alcohol-Related Crashes
The Indiana Council on Drugged and Dangerous
Driving through the Indiana Criminal Justice
Institute publishes crash data for each county.
The following table compares figures for 1994 and
2001 for the estimated percent of alcohol-related
fatalities and drivers with BAC 0.08 or greater
in fatal crashes.
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6.15 Net Migration
Transitions Mobility
Periods of transition and frequent mobility are
risk factors for substance abuse and other
problems. Examples include the period of
transition from middle school to high school, and
from high school to college or work. Moving
creates a period of transition and places a
person at higher risk, e.g., moving from one
neighborhood to another, from place to place or
from job to job, or from incarceration to life in
the community. For studies of a local
neighborhood, the Department of Education web
site offers information on retention and drop-out
or transfers from neighborhood schools. The IYI
web site offers data for the county on graduation
rates, drop out rates, etc.
Community Risk Factors Transitions Migration
An excellent indicator of the transitions and m
obility indicator is the figure for net
migration. Data for domestic and international
migration from the U.S. Census Bureau is
summarized in the following table.