Mainstreaming Environment for the MDGs and Pro-poor Development in Europe and CIS

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Mainstreaming Environment for the MDGs and
Pro-poor Development in Europe and CIS
Podoroghin Inga Head of the Foreign Affair and
European Integration Division
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
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Republic of Moldova
Total area 33.843 km 2 Population - 4.264.300
residents Density 111,2 person/km2 Rural area
58,6 Urban area - 41,4 GDP per capita 548
US Life expectancy 67.7 years
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Indices of poverty level depth and severity in
1997-2002 (in )
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Evolution of absolute poverty rates during
1998-2006 and targets for 2010 and 2015,
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Evolution of extreme poverty during 1998-2006 and
targets for 2010 and 2015,
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Major Environmental Issues and Poverty nexus
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Land degradation
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Economic and social aspects of land degradation

• Economic
• 75 of national economy is based on use of land
  resources
• The eroded land area covers 858,564 ha or 33.9
  per cent of agricultural land
• it is increasing annually by 0.9 per cent,
  causing a loss of 26 million tons of fertile soil
  
• The annual estimated production loss and damage
  costs to the national economy from soil
  degradation are about 3.1 billion lei (US 251
  million).

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Economic and social aspects of land degradation

• Social
• Affects the rural population that live on hand
  grown products
• Affects the revenues of families who practice
  subsistence agriculture
• Harmful effect on rural populations health of
  pesticides use
• Landslides affect the livelihoods

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Tasks to cope with soil degradation

• To prevent and reduce the degradation of natural
  resources reduce the rates of soil degradation
• developing and realizing anti-erosion protection
  measures for soils and rehabilitation of degraded
  land
• developing and implementing pilot projects for
  rational use and irrigation of soils, including
  protection of wetlands
• training of farmers land owners in issues of soil
  processing and use of mineral fertilizers and
  pesticides
• planting forestry belts for agricultural land
  protection
• rehabilitating communal pastures, and improving
  their management.

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The undertaken measures

• Program for Processing New Lands and Increase
  Land Fertility for 2003-2010
• Law on Fertilizers and Products for Phytosanitary
  Use (2005)
• National Concept on Organic Framing, Production
  and Marketing of Organic and Genetically
  Unmodified products
• National Action Program for Combating
  Desertification

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Economic and social costs of water issue

• Social
• In rural areas only 17 have access to central
  supply sources
• Decrease the water use for hygiene supply
• Polluted water is the cause of 950-1850 premature
  deaths annually and loss of 2 mil. working days
  as result of water related diseases

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Evolution of the share of population with
access to improved water sources between 2000 and
2006 and targets for 2010 and 2015,
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Evolution of the share of population with
improved access to sanitation between 2000 and
2006 and targets for 2010 and 2015
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Undertaken measures in water sector

• Strategy for water supply and sanitation of
  localities in the RM
• State Programme Moldovan village (until 2015)
• Concept of National Policy in Water Resources for
  2003-2010 years
• Environmental Management Plan of Water , Mineral
  Resources and Forestry Fund
• National Policy Dialogue on Water (EUWI for EECCA
  countries)
• ENVSEC Initiative (security of transboundary
  waters)
• Pilot project on reduction of nutrient pollution
  on water resources
• Etc.

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Overview of institutional and policy frameworks

• Institutions
• - Government Apparatus (Department of policies
  and technical assistance coordination)
• - Ministry of Economy and Trade
• Ministry of Finance
• Other sectoral ministries (Ministry of Ecology
  and Natural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and
  Food Industry, Ministry of Health, Ministry of
  Construction and Territorial Development )
• National Council for Sustainable Development and
  Poverty Reduction
• Inter-ministerial Committee for the Sustainable
  Development and Poverty Reduction
• Interministerial Committee for Strategic Planning

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Overview of institutional and policy frameworks

• National development policy framework
• 1st phase Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction
  Strategy Paper (2004-2007)
• Objectives
• to prevent and reduce the degradation of natural
  resources and increase efficiency of their use
• 2) to maintain the quality of the environment as
  a factor that ensures health and quality of life
  and
• 3) to create an effective natural disaster
  monitoring, prevention and damage compensation
  system.
• 2nd phase Strategy on National Development
  (2008-2011) (Action plan)
• (environment is seen in the SND as the
  component of regional development rather than an
  element of sustainable development).

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Overview of institutional and policy frameworks

• 1995
• 1997
• 2000
• 2001

• Concept of environmental protection
• National environmental action plan
• Concept on development of hunting administration
• National Concept on Organic Farming, Production
  and Marketing of Organic and Genetically
  Unmodified Products
• National Action Programme for Combating
  Desertification
• Environmental Policy Concept
• National Strategy and Action Plan for Protection
  of Biodiversity
• National Action Plan to Combat Desertification
• National Programme on Energy Conservation for
  2003-2010
• Strategy of the Sustainable Development of the
  Forest Fund

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Overview of institutional and policy frameworks

• 2003
• 2004
• 2007

• Concept of National Policy in Water Resources for
  2003-2010 years
• National Strategy for Sustainable Development of
  Forestry Fund and State Program on Forest Fund
  Areas Regeneration and Forestation for 2003-2020
  
• Environmental Management Plan of Water , Mineral
  Resources and Forestry Fund
• National Programme on Utilization of Land and
  Improvement of Soil Fertility for 2003-2010
• National Programme for Recovery and Recycling of
  Refrigerants
• Economical Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy
  Paper
• National Strategy for Elimination of POPs in
  Moldova
• National Action Plan for Implementation of
  Stockholm Convention on POPs
• National Program on Environmental Security
• Strategy on water supply and sewerage systems in
  settlements of Republic of Moldovan

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National mechanisms for integration of
environmental concerns into other sector policies

• Legal
• Law on legal and normative acts (1994)
• Law on ecological expertise and EIA (1996)
• Law on SEA (in the nearest perspective)
• Regulatory impact assessment /Strategy for
  Social and Economic impact analysis of politic
  documents (not approved yet)
• Plan for institutional development
• Public participation
• Institutional establishment of Working Groups
• Technical assistance

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National mechanisms for integration of
environmental concerns into other sector policies

• Examples
• The Energy Strategy of the RM until 2020 cam into
  force in August 2007, it includes a special
  chapter on environmental protection.
• The Strategy on industrial development until 2015
  was approved in October 2006. It includes a
  chapter on environmental security and sustainable
  use of natural resources.
• The Strategy on sustainable development of agro
  industry in the RM was approved in March 2008. It
  includes relevant aspects of soil conservation ,
  desertification,
• The Strategy on terrestrial transport
  infrastructure. Was approved in February 2008.
  It contains a special chapter on environmental
  impact.

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National mechanisms for environmental funding

• State Budget allocations
• Central environmental protection body maintenance
  (salary for employees, offices rent, etc.)
• Investments for environmental protection
  (protection of water protection, sustainable use
  of lands, preventing air pollution, etc.)
• Local public authorities budget allocations
• National Environmental Fund
• Local administration budget allocations
• National Environmental Funds

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Challenges
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CONCLUSIONS

• Despite the fact that there are no clear linkages
  of poverty-environment set up in the national
  development and poverty reduction policy papers,
  however, the national planning documents are
  based on sustainable development principles

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Thank you for attention !