Fetal Development Month by Month

1
Fetal Development

• Month by Month

2
How babies come to be.
3
An egg goes down the fallopian tube after
ovulation if a sperm makes its way from the
vagina through the uterus to the egg within 24
hours, conception is likely to occur.
4
Egg surrounded by sperm. A sperm penetrates the
egg and conception occurs. It is called a zygote
until it reaches the uterus in 3-4 days.
5
The embryo may float freely in the uterus for
about 48 hours before implanting.
Upon implantation, complex connections between
the mother and embryo develop to form the
placenta.
6
Multiple Pregnancy

• Sometimes two or more babies develop in the same
  pregnancy this is called multiple pregnancy.
• Multiple pregnancies are far less likely than
  single ones.

• Twins are more likely than triplets, and
  triplets are more likely than quadruplets.
• Becoming more common today because of the use of
  fertility drugs.

7
Multiple Pregnancy

• Frequency of twins is about 1 in 35 births.
• Likelihood of having 3 or more is 1 in 540
  births.
• The number of twins continue to rise.

• Health of multiple births are concerning doctors
  because of low birth weights (under 3.3 pounds).
• Puts them at risk for severe vision, hearing,
  mental, and developmental disabilities.

8
Twins

• Twins are almost 5 times (triplets 10 times)
  more likely to die in their 1st year than single
  birth children.

• 2 types of twins
• Fraternal Births
• Identical Births

9
Fraternal Twins

• Most Common
• Fraternal twins grow from 2 separate zygotes.
• Each zygote carries a different genetic code from
  same parents.
• Can be twins, triplets, or higher.
• May or may not be the same gender
• They look different.

10
Fraternal Twins
11
Identical Twins

• Children develop from a single ovum that was
  fertilized by a single sperm.
• During the early days of pregnancy, the ovum
  splits to produce two or more children.
• Scientists dont know why the ovum splits.
• Babies have an identical genetic makeup
• Some twins are mirror twins (they look the way
  you and your mirror image would appear)

12
Identical Twins
13
Conjoined Twins

• If the ovum doesnt completely split, the babies
  will be conjoined twins.
• The bodies of these twins are joined in one or
  more places.

14
Conjoined Twins
15
Call the doctor if any of the following occur

• Vaginal bleeding
• Sharp abdominal pain or cramping
• Loss of fluid from the vagina
• Severe or prolonged nausea or vomiting
• Frequent dizzy spells
• Painful urination
• High fever over 100 degrees F.
• Vaginal discharge that is irritating

16
Other considerations

• No medications, including over-the counter drugs,
  unless approved by your doctor.
• No drugs or alcohol.
• No x-rays.
• No saunas and hot tubs.
• No vaccinations during pregnancy.
• Avoid cats, cattle, sheep and pigs. They have a
  parasite that causes toxoplasmosis.

17
Stages of Prenatal Development

• Day 1 Conception takes place
• 7 Days tiny human implants into mothers uterus
• 10 days mothers menses stop
• 18 days heart begins to beat
• 21 days pumps own blood through separate closed
  circulatory system with own blood type

18
Stages of Prenatal Development

• 28 days eye, ear, respiratory system form
• 42 days brain waves recorded, skeleton complete,
  reflexes present
• 8 wks all body systems present
• 9 wks squint, swallows, moves tongue, makes fist
• 11 wks spontaneous breathing movements, has
  fingernails, all body systems working.

19
Stages of Prenatal Development

• 12 wks weighs one ounce
• 16 wks genital organs clearly differentiated,
  grasps with hands, swims, kicks, turns,
  somersaults (still not felt by mother)
• 18 wks vocal cords work can cry
• 20 wks has hair on head, weighs 1 lb., 12 inches
  long

20
Stages of Prenatal Development

• 23 wks 15 chance of viability outside of womb
  if birth premature
• 24 wks 56 of babies survive premature birth
• 25 wks 79 of babies survive premature

21
Overview 1st Trimester

• 1st trimester Months 1-3 (wks 1-12)
• Essential to the proper development of the infant
• All organs, nerve cells, and brain cells develop
• Its vital that all necessary nutrients be
  available to the fetus in order to develop
  properly

22
Overview 2nd trimester

• 2nd Trimester Months 4-6 (wks 13-28) Golden
  Trimester
• Mother usually feels the best
• Morning sickness and nausea have generally
  disappeared

23
Overview 3rd Trimester

• 3rd trimester Months 7-9 (wks 29-40)
• These are important months for the baby as its
  organs and body systems mature and prepare to
  function on their own.
• Fat accumulated during this time will help give
  the baby a head start on life

24
Overview

• Prenatal Development is separated into 3 periods
• The Germinal Stage
• Zygote begins at conception and lasts until
  implanted in the mothers uterus (10-14 days)
• Zygote grows to be about the size of a pinhead
• Roots grow from the zygote into the wall of the
  uterus so they can receive nutrients from mothers
  blood

25
Overview

• 2nd period is known as the Embryonic Stage
• Embryo lasts from 2 weeks to 8 wks after
  conception
• Embryo is attached to the mom by the umbilical
  cord (20 inches long) which reaches from the
  embryos stomach to the wall of the uterus
• Umbilical cord is attached to the placenta
  (serves as a medium for the exchange of nutrients
  and waste between the mother and baby.
• Embryo is inside the amniotic sac (protects baby
  against bumps, bruises, and temperature change

26
Overview

• 3rd stage is the Fetal Stage
• Fetus period extends from the end of the 2nd
  month of pregnancy until birth
• The body parts, organs, and systems which were
  formed during the embryo period will become much
  more developed and being to function.
• The fetus will begin to resemble a human and
  features will increase in clarity.

27
Signs and SymptomsPregnancy 40 weeks

• A missing menstrual period
• Morning sickness and nausea
• Frequent urination
• Cravings
• Breasts enlarge
• Fatigue and dizziness

A simple urine test from the doctor will show
whether or not a woman is pregnant.
28
First Month

• By the end of the first month, the embryo is
  about 1/10 of an inch long. The heart, which is
  no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating.

29
First Month
30
Two Months

• The embryo grows to about an inch long and has
  distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Veins are
  clearly visible. The placenta is already
  nourishing the baby through the umbilical cord.
  The heart has divided into right and left
  chambers. Veins are clearly visible. Most vital
  organs are developed.

31
Two Months
32
Three Months

• Starting at eight weeks, your baby is called a
  fetus. By the end of the first trimester, the
  fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully
  formed. He has begun swallowing and kicking. All
  organs and muscles have formed and are beginning
  to function. The arms, legs, hand, and fingers
  are fully developed. The nails on his fingers
  and toes are starting to develop

33

• Skin Every womans body reacts differently to
  pregnancy.
• Oily, dry or scaly
• Stretch marks
• Facial skin may darken
• Emotions
• Need a few extra breaks or time to relax.
• May experience mood swings, depression and bad
  dreams.
• Feel babys movements

34
Four Months

• Your baby is about 2 inches long and is covered
  with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo.
  The first outlines of the face are showing. His
  heartbeat can be heard clearly. This is when many
  mothers feel their baby's first thrilling kick
  (quickening).

35
4 months
36
Five Months

• If you have an ultrasound, you might see him
  sucking his thumb. By the end of this month, your
  baby will be nearly 8 inches long and weigh
  almost a pound. The skull bones are the most
  important bones being developed at this time.

37
Five Months
38
Six Months

• Tiny eyebrows and eyelids are visible. There is
  a lot of evidence to show that the baby can hear
  the outside world. Your baby's lungs are filled
  with amniotic fluid, and he has started to
  practice breathing movements. If you talk or
  sing, he can hear you. Fingerprints are formed.

39
6 Months
40

• Abdomen enlarges
• Fatigue is common
• Expectant fathers take more interest because
  they can feel the baby move.
• Baby moves a lot
• A mother should feel the baby move every couple
  of hours. If not, she should call her doctor.

41
Discomforts that might be experienced

• Heartburn
• Shortness of breath
• Heart palpitations
• Leg cramps
• Round ligament pains

42
Seven Months

• By the end of the seventh month, your baby weighs
  about 3 1/2 pounds and is about 12 inches long.
  His body is well formed. Fingernails cover his
  fingertips. He may try to turn toward a source of
  bright light.

43
7 Months
44
Eight Months

• Your baby is gaining about half a pound per week,
  and layers of fat are piling on under his skin.
  He has probably turned head-down in preparation
  for his coming birth. He weighs between 4 and 6
  pounds.

45
8 months
46
Nine Months

• Your baby is a hefty 6 to 9 pounds and measures
  somewhere between 19 and 22 inches. The lungs
  develop in preparation fro breathing and the head
  is now head-down. As he becomes more crowded,
  you may feel him move around less. The last few
  weeks, the baby drops in preparation for
  delivery giving the mother a little breathing
  space.

47
Danger Signals Call the doctor if any of these
problems occur.

• Vaginal bleeding
• Sharp abdominal pain/cramping
• Loss of fluid
• Frequent dizzy spells
• Visual disturbances
• Nausea or vomiting

• Sudden and excessive swelling of face, hands, and
  feet
• Headache
• Burning, painful urination
• Fever
• Vaginal discharge

48
Weight gain during pregnancy25-30 pounds

• Baby 7 ½ pounds
• Placenta 1 ½ pounds
• Uterus 2 pounds
• Amniotic fluid 1 ½ pound
• Extra blood and water 4 ½ pounds
• Breast tissue 3 pounds
• Maternal stores of protein 4 pounds

49
Babys Arrival
50
Pregnancy Issues

• Toxemia
• Ectopic Pregnancy
• Stillborn
• Spontaneous Abortion
• Placental Abruption
• Placenta Previa

51
Toxemia

• A condition in pregnancy, also known as
  pre-eclampsia (or preeclampsia) characterized by
  abrupt hypertension (a sharp rise in blood
  pressure), leakage of large amounts of the
  protein into the urine, and edema (swelling) of
  the hands, feet, and face.
• Pre-eclampsia is the most common complication of
  pregnancy. It affects about 5 of pregnancies.
• It usually occurs in the third trimester (the
  last third) of pregnancy
• Its usually most common in 1st pregnancies and
  for those who are carrying multiplies or have
  diabetes.

52
Ectopic Pregnancy

• An ectopic pregnancy is a condition in which a
  fertilized egg settles and grows in any location
  other than the inner lining of the uterus.
• The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies occur in
  the Fallopian tube (98), however, they can occur
  in other locations, such as the ovary, cervix,
  and abdominal cavity.
• An ectopic pregnancy occurs in about one in 50
  pregnancies.
• The major health risk of ectopic pregnancy is
  rupture leading to internal bleeding.

53
Ectopic Pregnancy
54
Stillborn

• A stillbirth occurs when a fetus which has died
  in the uterus or during labor or delivery, exits
  a woman's body.
• The term is often used in distinction to live
  birth or miscarriage. Most stillbirths occur in
  full term pregnancies.
• It can occur from infections, placental
  abruptions, trauma, umbilical cord accidents,
  etc.

55
Spontaneous Abortion

• A miscarriage, that is, any pregnancy that is not
  viable (the fetus cannot survive) or in which the
  fetus is born before the 20th week of pregnancy.
• Spontaneous abortion occurs in at least 15-20 of
  all recognized pregnancies and usually takes
  place before the 13th week of pregnancy.

56
Placental Abruption

• Placental abruption is a complication of
  pregnancy, wherein the placental lining has
  separated from the uterus of the mother. It
  refers to the abnormal separation after 20 weeks
  of gestation and prior to birth.
• It is the most common cause of late pregnancy
  bleeding.
• It occurs in 1 of pregnancies world wide with a
  fetal mortality rate of 20-40 depending on the
  degree of separation.
• Placental abruption is also a significant
  contributor to maternal mortality

57
Placental Abruption
58
Placenta Previa

• If you have placenta previa, it means that your
  placenta is lying unusually low in your uterus,
  next to or covering your cervix. The placenta is
  the pancake-shaped organ normally located near
  the top of the uterus that supplies your baby
  with nutrients through the umbilical cord.

59
Placenta Previa