Schizophrenia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Schizophrenia

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www.psychlotron.org.uk Schizophrenia Clinical description Biological explanations Psychological explanations Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Schizophrenia


1
Schizophrenia
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • Clinical description
  • Biological explanations
  • Psychological explanations

2
Schizophrenia
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality
  • A psychotic disorder involving a break with
    reality
  • Many different manifestations with a few shared
    features

3
Schizophrenia diagnosis
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • At least two of the following
  • Hallucinations (us. auditory or somatic)
  • Delusions (oft. linked to hallucinations)
  • Disorganised speech
  • Disorganised or catatonic behaviour
  • Negative symptoms
  • Social occupational dysfunction
  • Duration of several months

4
Schizophrenia diagnosis
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • Diagnostic subtypes
  • Paranoid
  • Catatonic
  • Disorganised
  • Undifferentiated
  • Type 1 - Episodic, mainly positive symptoms
  • Type 2 - Chronic, mainly negative symptoms

5
Schizophrenia prevalence
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • 1 lifetime risk in general population
  • Holds true for most geographical areas although
    rates do vary
  • Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia
    significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain
    (Torrey, 2002)
  • Risk factors include low SES, minority ethnicity,
    urban residence

6
Schizophrenia onset
www.psychlotron.org.uk
Source CIHI (2001)
7
Schizophrenia prognosis
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • Rule of the thirds (rule of thumb)
  • 1/3 recover more or less completely
  • 1/3 episodic impairment
  • 1/3 chronic decline
  • Confirmed in US UK (Stevens, 1978)
  • With treatment about 60 of patients manage a
    relatively normal life
  • Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies

8
Schizophrenia explanations
www.psychlotron.org.uk
  • Biological
  • Genetics
  • Neurochemicals hormones
  • Structural brain abnormalities
  • Psychological
  • Family dynamics
  • Life stress
  • Urbanicity
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