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Title: Threatened Medicinal Plants Diversity of Gujarat : Its Conservation and Development Measures


1
Threatened Medicinal Plants Diversity of Gujarat
Its Conservation and Development Measures
  • Presentation by
  • Dr. A. P. Singh, IFS
  • Conservator of Forests
  • Gujarat Forestry Development Project
  • Gujarat State, Gandhinagar

2
Introduction -
  • So far, 04.13 lacs plants identified on the
    globe.
  • Out of 04.13 lacs, 02.50 lacs are Angiosperms.
  • So far, 45,364 plants identified in India.
  • Out of 45,364 plants, 17,500 are Angiosperms.
  • So far, 4,327 plants identified in Gujarat
  • Out of 4,327 plants, 2,205 are Angiosperms.
  • About 8,000 M.P. are identified in India
  • Out of 8,000 M.P. about 800 are widely utilized.
  • About 1,315 M.P. are identified in Gujarat.
  • Out of 1,315 M.P., about 270 are widely utilized.
  • There are 409 licensed Pharmacies in Gujarat
  • Out of 409 Pharmacies, 47 are GMP holders.

3
  • Historical Importance of Medicinal Plants
  • Sacred literature Vedas and many other
    important collection by Great Sages Saints
    mentioned the importance of Medicinal Plants as -
  • Rigveda prescribes - 67 Medicinal Plants
  • Yajurveda prescribes - 81 M.P.
  • Atharvveda prescribes - 290 M.P.
  • Brahamana prescribes 130 M.P.
  • Charaksamhita - 400 to 450 M.P.
  • Shusrutsamhita - 573 M.P.
  • Dhanvantri Nighantu - 373 M.P. based drugs
  • Raja Nighantu prescribes about 750 Plant based
    drugs
  • Madanpala Bhavprakash prescribes about 569
    Plant based drugs

4
Threatened Diversity of Medicinal Plants-
  • Out of 1,315 identified M.P. in Gujarat, 1,016
    are wild and rest 299 are cultivated as crops
    plantations.
  • Out of 1.315 identified M.P., 248 are Tree
    species ,165 Shrubs, 148 Climbers and 754 Herbs.
  • Out of 270 widely utilized M.P., 201 species
    (74) are indigenous to Gujarat .
  • Other 69 species (26) are procured from other
    states.
  • Out of 201 M.P., 148 species (74) are growing in
    wild.
  • Other 53 species (26) are cultivated as crops
  • Out of 148 indigenous plants, 48 species of trees
    (32), 22 species of shrubs (15), 28 species of
    climbers (19) and 50 species of herbs(34).
  • Out of 148 M.P. (50), 48 trees (16), 22 Shrubs
    (08), 28 Climbers (12), 50 Herbs (14) are
    discussed as threatened

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Habit wise utility of Medicinal PlantsTrees
  • Herde (Terminalia Chebula)
  • Habitat Throughout India, Dangs area of
    Gujarat, Fruit is used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional Paste of fruit
    pulp with honey given in

  • diarrhoea of children
  • Classical - Rasayan, Constipation, Skin
    diseases, an ingredient of Triphala.
  • Ulcers, sore throat,
    anaemia, elephantiasis, indigestion, epilepsy,
  • leprosy, asthma and
    diabetes.
  • Classical drugs Triphla churna, Triphla Gugal,
    Shivkshar Pachan churna,
  • Triphla
    Ghrit
  • 2. Arjun (Terminalia arjuna)
  • Habitat In plains of india with foothills of
    Himalayas, North, South and
  • Eastern Gujarat, Bark is
    Used.
  • Medicinal Use Heart disorders, Fractures,
    bleeding piles, ulcers, sexual
  • debility
  • Classical Drugs Arjunarishta, Arjuna ghriut,
    Arjun kwath, Arjun kshir-pak,

  • Prabhakar vati, Arjun churna.
  • 3 Ashok (Saraca asoca)
  • Habitat- Naturally occurring in South India,
    ornamental plant in Gujarat
  • Bark is used.

11
  • 4. Sivan (Gmelina arborea)
  • Habitat Throghout india and Gujarat, Root is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - Used in Skin diseaese, leprosy,
    Ulcers etc,
  • Classical Drugs Dashmularishta, Dashmula Kwath,
    Panchmulyadi
  • kwath.
  • 5. Chandan (Santalum album)
  • Habitat Naturally found in South India and
    Gujarat, Heart wood is used
  • Medicinal Use - Vitiated conditions of Pitta,
    jaundice, cough, bronchitis etc.
  • Classical Drugs Chandanadi churna, Chandanadi
    vati, Chandanasava,
  • Chandanabalalakshad
    i taila
  • 6 Patla (Stereospermum suaveolens)
  • Habitat Throughout India and South Gujarat
    Forests, Root is Used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional use Flower used
    for purifying water.
  • Classical - Blood purifier, appetizer, diuretic,
    febrifuge, cooling,
  • aphrodisiac
    etc.
  • Classical Drugs Brihat Panchmuladi Kwatha,
    Dashmula Kwatha,

  • Dashmularishta.

12
  • 7. Tetu (Oroxylum indicum)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Root is
    Used.
  • Medicinal Use - Vitiated condition of Vata and
    Kapha, cancer, Dropsy,
  • Cough,
    asthma etc
  • Classical Drugs - Dashmula Kwath,
    Dashmularishta, Panchmulyadi kwath.
  • 8. Ragat Rohido (Tecomella undulata)
  • Habitat Drier parts of India and Kachchh,
    Saurashtra and North Gujarat, BarK is Used
  • Medicinal Use - Skin disorders, jaundice, liver
    disorders, diabetes, cancer,
  • obesity etc.
  • Classical Drugs Rohitakarishta, Rohitaka
    grhrita, Rohitaka churna,
  • Rohitaka lauha,
    Rohitakasava.
  • 9. Kadvo Saragvo (Moringa Concanensis)
  • Habitate - All over india and Gujarat, Bark is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional Bark decoction in
    throat cancer.
  • Classical - Vitiated conditions of Vata and
    Kapha, inflammation etc.
  • Classical Drugs -

13
  • 10. Vai Varno (Crataeva nurvala)
  • Habitat Throughout india and south Gujarat
    Forests, Bark is used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional - Bark is used in
    family planning
  • Classical - Vitiated Conditions Vata and Kapha,
    Heart trouble, Colic, cancer,
  • cough, tubercular
    glands, inflammations etc.
  • Classical Drugs - Varunadi Kwatha, Varunadya
    taila, Extract, Varunarishta
  • 11. Kapilo (Mallotus phillipinensis)
  • Habitat Throughout india with foothills of
    Himalayas and South Gujarat, Fruit
  • hair is used.
  • Medicinal use - Vitiated Conditions Vata and
    Kapha, wounds, cough, ulcers,
  • poisonous
    affections, scabies, rignworm etc.
  • Classical Drugs Kampillaka malhara,
    Krimighatini vati, Bidnughrita
  • 12 Bhilamo (Semecarpus anacardium)
  • Habitat Throughout India and South Gujarat,
    Fruit is used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional Bhilama oil with
    charoli oil applied externally

  • in arthritis,
  • Classical - vitiated conditions of
    Kapha and Vata, fever, diabetes, cancer
  • Classical Drugs - Bhallataka taila, Bhallataka
    avaleha, Bhallataka parpati,
  • Chincha
    bhallataka vati, Narsinh churna, Amrut bhallataka

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  • 13. Salai (Boswellia serrata)
  • Habitat Central and Northern India and North,
    Eastern and South Gujarat,
  • Gum is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Gum is used to
    purify air (Dhoop)
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of Pitta,
    Asthma, ulcers, skin diseases and
  • rheumatism
  • 14. Kanchnar (Bauhinia variegata)
  • Habitat Throughout India as Natural and
    Ornamental Tree and Gujarat, Bark is used.
  • Medicinal use - Traditional Skin and throat
    knots remedy
  • Classical Pitta and Kapha, diarrhoea, skin
    diseases, leprosy, wounds,
  • ulcers,
    inflammation, scrofula etc.
  • Classical Drugs Kanchnar guggulu,
    Kanchnarishta, Kanchnaradi kwath,
  • Kanchan
    gutica, Tincture of B. varjegata.
  • 15 Biyo (Pterocarpus marsupium)
  • Habitat Throughout india and South Gujarat,
    Heart wood and bark is used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional Gum is used in
    tooth ache and leave pest is

  • applied in wounds. Wooden glass for
    diabetes.
  • Classical vitiated conditions of Kapha and
    Pitta, leprosy, skin diseases,
  • diabetes,
    ophthalmopathy, diarrhoea, Cough, sexual
    debility,

15
  • 16. Kadhayo ( Sterculia urens)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Gum is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - General debility, diabetes,
    lumbago, strangury, diarrhoea,
  • dysentery,
  • Classical Drugs - Padarantak yog, Kasvijay
    Churna.
  • Shrubs
  • 1. Guggal (Commiphora wightii)
  • Habitat Pakistan, Afghanistan, India
    (Rajshthan and Gujarat), Gum is used
  • Medicinal Use
  • Traditional The gum is applied on skin wounds
    and irritations
  • Classical Vitiated Conditions of Vata, Gout,
    Sciatica, Facial paralysis,
  • Arthritis etc
  • Medicines Yograja guggulu, Sinhanada guggulu,
    triphla gugal, Kanchnar
  • guggulu, Lakshadi
    guggulum, Kanchnar Guggal
  • 2. Vavding (Embelia ribes)
  • Habitat South india and South Gujarat, Fruit is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Fruit powder is
    given with Jiggery for intestinal

  • worms in children

16
  • 3. Arni (Clerodendron Phlomidis)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Root is
    used
  • Medicinal Use asthma, obesity, diarrhoea,
    piles, rheumatism etc.
  • Classical Drugs - Dashmula kwatha,
    Dashmularishta, Agnimantha kwatha,
  • Ointment
    (lep) and essential oil.
  • 4. Danti (Baliospermum montanum)
  • Habitat Throughout India, North and South
    Gujarat, Roots is used.
  • Medicinal Use - flatulence,constipation,
    jaundice, leprosy, vesical calculi,
  • wounds,
    anaemia, leucoderma, fever and vitiated condition
  • of Vata.
  • Classical Drugs - Dantyarishta, Dantyadi churna,
    Danti haritaki
  • Dhavdi (Woodfordia fruticosa)
  • Habitat Throughout India and South Gujarat,
    Flowers are used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Flowers used
    fermentation
  • Classical Vitiated Condition Kapha and Pitta,
    bleeding, infertility, skin
  • diseases, diarrhoea,
    diabetes,
  • Classical Drugs Dhatakyadi taila, Dhatakyadi
    churna, Pushyanug churna,

  • Dhatakyadi Kwath, Rasamrut ras

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  • 6. Ankol (Alagium salvifolium)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Seed oil
    is used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional Fruits eaten to
    enhance eye sight.
  • Classical -Rheumatism, Leprosy etc.
  • Classical Drugs - Ankoladi taila, Tincture of
    A. Salvifolium
  • 7. Bharangmool (Clerodendron serratum)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat (Dangs),
    Root is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Vitiated conditions of Kapha and
    Vata, scrofula, piles,
  • cough,asthma, bronchitis, dropsy,
    constipation, chronic
  • nasitis, leucoderma, leprosy, fevers,
    epilepsy etc.
  • Classical Drugs - Bharangyadi kwatha,
    Bharangyadi ghrita, Bharangyadi lep,

  • Kanakasava. Ashwagandhadi churna. Bharangyadi
  • avieha,
    Bharangyasav
  • 8. Mindhan (Randia dumentorum)
  • Habitat Throughout india and North Gujarat,
    Fruit is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Tradition Causing Vomiting
    in emergency and on

  • snake bite.
  • Classical - Vitiated conditions of Pitta and
    Kapha, inflammations,
  • leprosy, skin
    diseases, wounds, ulcers, tumours, cough,

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  • Climbers
  • 1. Galo (Tinospora cordifolia)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Stem is
    Used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Stem extractions
    use for all kinds of

  • fevers, Stems are fed to cattles to
    increase

  • milk production
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of vata,
    arthritis, cancer, liver disorders,
  • leprosy, cough, genreal debility. It is also a
    important Rasayana.
  • Classical Drugs Rasayana Churna, Samshamani
    Vati, Amrita kwath,
  • Amrita Guggulu, Amritarishta, Bal
    sogathi, Guduchi satva,
  • Guduchi ghrpt, Guduchi extract,
    Galo Ghanvati
  • 2. Shatawari (Asparagus racemosus)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Roots are
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Juice of roots is
    fed to mothers to increase milk.
  • Classical nervous disorders, acidity,
    diarrhoea, inflammations, tumours, Vitiated
    condition and Vata and Pitta, Scalding of urine
  • Medicines Shatavari Ghrita, narayan taila,
    Shatavari Syrup, Shatavari
  • Churna
  • 3. Dodi (Leptadenia reticulata)
  • Habitat North South India and Gujarat, Whole
    Plant is used.

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  • 4. Anantmool (Hemidesmus indicus)
  • Habitat Throughout and Gujarat, Root is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Leprosy, Skin diseases, asthma,
    fever and general debility
  • Classical Drugs Sarivadyasava, Sarivadi vati,
    Sarivadyavaleha,
  • 5. Malkangni (Celastrus paniculata)
  • Habitat Throughout india and Gujarat, Seed oil
    is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Flowers eaten as
    vegetable and fruits pickled.
  • Classical Good antidote for opium poisoning,
    stimulant, digestive, anti-
  • inflammatory, brain
    tonic
  • Classical Drugs - Jyotishmati Taila,
    Jyotishmati Gutica and Jyotismati Lep.
  • 6. Vachhnag (Gloriosa superba)
  • Habitat Southern and Eastern India and Central
    and South Gujarat,
  • Roots are used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Root paste applied
    externally in eczema

  • overnight
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of Kapha and
    vata, Fever, cancer,
  • inflammations
    Promoting labour pain and expulsion of placenta

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  • 7. Patha (Cyclea peltata)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Roots is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Good drug for all
    types of fever and urinary

  • tract diseases.
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of Kapha,
    Dysentery, fever, wounds, vomiting,
  • and cardiac
    disorders
  • Classical Drugs Pathadi churna, pathadi
    ghrita, pathadi taila,
  • 8. Garni (Clitoria ternatea)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Whole
    Plant is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Ophthalmopathy, Piles, Migraine,
    insanity, Skin
  • diseases,
    vitiated conditions of Pitta and fevers
  • 9. Hadsankad (Cissus quadragularis)
  • Habitat North and South India, Whole Plant is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Used for bone
    fractures and dislocations.
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of Vata and
    kapha, asthma, colic, leprosy,
  • epilepsy, fractures,
    swellings
  • Classical Drugs Asthisandhan lepa, Narayan
    mandur, Loknath ras,

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  • 10. Shikakai (Acacia Sinuata)
  • Habitat Throughout India and North South
    Gujarat, Fruits are used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Used for washing
    hair in combination with

  • amla and aritha.
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of Pitta,
    burning sensation, leucoderma and
  • eczema
  • Classical use Shikakai Soap and shampoo
  • 11. Vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa)
  • Habitat Throughout and Gujarat, Root is used.
  • Medicinal Use A good Rasayan used in
    Rheumatism, Swellings, ulcers,
  • diarrhoea,
    sexual debility, liver disorders.
  • Classical Drugs - Vidarikand churna, Kamdev
    modak
  • 12. Kadva Parvar (Trichosanthes cucumerina)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Whole
    plant is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Vitiated conditions of Pitta,
    burning sensation, fever, piles,
  • leprosy,
    jaundice, toxiemia, acidity etc.
  • Classical Durgs - Patoladi Kwath, Patoladi
    ghrita, Patoladi churna.

22
Herbs
  • 1. Satodi (Boerhavia diffusa)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Gujarat, Root is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use -Traditional Kwath given in
    internal and external pain and

  • swellings.
  • Classical Inflammations, leucorrhoea,
    ophthalmia, lumbago, jaundice,
  • anaemia, cough and
    general debility
  • Classical Drugs Punarnavashtak kwatha,
    Punarnavasava,

  • Punarnavadi Kwath
  • 2. Kidamari (Aristilochia bracteolata)
  • Habitat Bengal and South Gujarat, Leaves are
    used.
  • Medicinal Use Traditional Leaf juice to
    expel worms from ear.
  • Classical - with honey.Vitiated conditions of
    Kapha and Vata, intestinal
  • worms, foul
    ulcers, boils, skin diseases and intermittend
    fevers
  • 3. Neerbrahmi (Bacopa monnieri)
  • Habitat Throughout India and Central South
    Gujarat,
  • Tender shoots are used.
  • Medicinal Use -Insanity, tumours, ulcers, skin
    diseases, vitiated conditions of
  • Kapha and
    vata, to increase memory power

23
  • 4. Brahmi (Centella asiatica)
  • Habitat Eastern and Southern India, Whole
    plant is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Vitiated conditions of Pitta,
    Insomnia, cardiac debility,
  • epilepsy,
    hoarseness, leprosy and to increase memory
  • power, It
    is also a Rasayan.
  • Classical Drugs- Brahmi Rasayan, Brahmi Vati,
    Brahmi Taila.
  • 5. Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica)
  • Habitat Western and Southern India and Gujarat,
    Root is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Root paste applied
    on eczema.
  • Classical Indigestion, worms, obesity,
    inflammations, leprosy,
  • itchy skin problems.
  • Classical Drugs - Chitrakadi vati, Chitraka
    ghrita, Chitrakadi Churana
  • 6. Senna (Cassia angustifolia)
  • Habitat South India, North Gujarat and
    Saurashtra. Leaves are used.
  • Medicinal Use - Constipation, leprosy,
    leucoderma, cough, typhoid fever and
  • vitiated
    conditions of Pitta and vata
  • Classical Drugs - Yashtyadi Churna, Dindayal
    Churna, Malasuddhi Churna,

24
  • 7. Kariyatu (Andrographis paniculata)
  • Habitat Throughout Indian plains and Central
    and Northern Gujarat. Whole plant used
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Decoction is
    given in all kinds of fever
  • Classical Buring sensation, ulcers, all types
    of fevers, cough, skin diseases, leprosy,
  • colic, and
    vitiated conditions of Pitta
  • Classical Drugs - Kalmegh Churna, Kalmeghasava,
    Sudarshan churna.
  • 8. Bala (Sida cordifolia)
  • Habitat India Throughout india and Gujarat,
    Root and seeds are used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Brush prepared
    from roots chewed in ashthma

  • and rheumatism and to release milk from

  • breast in mothers.
  • Classical Leucorrhoea, asthma, sexual
    debility, general debility, arthrits, insanity,
    rheumatism, diabetes
  • Classical Drugs - Baladi Kwath, Baladi Ghrita,
    Baladi Taila.
  • 9. Shalparni (Desmodium gangeticum)
  • Habitat Throughout india and Gujarat, Whole
    plant is used.
  • Medicinal Use- Important ingredient of
    Dashmulla, used in vitiated
  • conditions
    of Vatta, Indigestion, dyspepsia, dysentery,
    fever,
  • coughs and a
    tonic.
  • Classical Drugs - Shalaprnyadi kwath,
    Dashmularishta, Dashmoola kwath

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  • 10. Prushnaparni (Uraria picta)
  • Habitat Open forests of india and Gujarat,
    Whole plant is used.
  • Medicinal Use Important ingredient of Dashmulla,
    used in swellings, Heart
  • troubles,
    fevers, rheumatism, piles, fractures, skin
    diseases
  • Classical Drugs - Dasamoola Kwath,
    Dashmularishta and Mahasudarshan
  • churna
  • 11. Pevto (Costus speciosus)
  • Habitat Throughout india and Gujarat, Root is
    used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional - Eaten as food in
    scarcity by Tribals of Bastar in Chhatisgadh.
  • Classical General debility, in Worms,, Sexual
    debility, Skin deseases,
  • and in the
    treatment of lumbago
  • Classical Drugs Churna
  • 12. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis)
  • Habitat Throughout india and Gujarat , Whole
    plant is used.
  • Medicinal Use A good rasayan, used in High
    blood pressure, sexual
  • debility,
    diabetes, swellings, to increase memory power,
  • insanity,
    hair disorders, skin disordrs and heart trouble.

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  • 13. Kamal (Nelumbo nucifera)
  • Habitat Throughout india and Gujarat, Root and
    seed is used.
  • Medicinal Use - Traditional Seed churna is
    given in smallpox.
  • Classical Vitiated conditions of pitta,
    vomiting, leprosy, smallpox, dysentery,
  • Cough, burning
    sensation, fever, leprosy
  • Classical Drugs Aravindasava, Kamal kakdi
    churna.

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Conservation and Development measures
  • Govt. of India vide its notification No. Z.
    18020/19/97- MP Cell dated 24.11.2000 created
    NMPB,New Delhi for the Development of this
    sector.
  • As per the guidelines of NMPB, Govt. of Gujarat
    also established SMPB vide its Notification No.
    F. No. 18020/9/2001 MP Board dated 27.11.2001.
  • There are two schemes namely Promotional and
    Contractual farming are under implementation.
  • Under the Promotional Schemes Govt. institutions
    are involved for the conservation of Medicinal
    Plants and Projects are sanctioned in the limit
    of Rs. 30.00 lacs
  • Under the Contractual Farming Scheme of Medicinal
    Plants, 30 subsidy in the upper limit of Rs.
    09.00 lacs is provided.
  • The Guggal Plantation is kachchh and saurashtra
    and Asoka Plantation is south Gujarat is being
    taken up on large scale.
  • There are 10 herbal garden are maintained by this
    Directorate.
  • The details of Promotional and Cotractual Framing
    Projects under implementation by SMPB is given
    below -

28
Promotional Projects (Rs. in lacs)
29
Contractual Farming Projects (Rs. in lacs)
30
Herbal Gardens Information
31
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