Greek Colonization and Migration

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Greek Colonization and Migration
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Why Colonization?

• The lack of natural resources in Greece
• lack of metals (tin, copper, sliver)
• timber
• food (grains and fish)
• fights between Greek states
• looking for good agricultural lands
• expanding trade routes
• Persian Empire
• Phoenician colonization

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Emigration

• economic
• trade with remote areas
• the colonization of conquered areas
• use of its inhabitants as slaves.
• political reasons
• banishing of political enemies
• Most emigrants left the Greek area and only
  slaves entered
• Not like American Colonies of England

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Emigration from the Greek cities.

• The leader of a banished group of political
  dissidents would lead them away from the Polis to
  found a colony elsewhere.
• Themistocles is ostracized

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Ostracism

• Athenian democracy
• a procedure under which a prominent citizen
  could be expelled from the city-state of Athens
• Sometimes is was a way to express popular anger
  at the victim
• Usually it was a way of defusing major
  confrontations between rival politicians
• removing one of them from the scene
• neutralizing someone thought to be a threat to
  the state,
• or exiling a potential tyrant.
• There was no charge or defense, and the exile was
  not in fact a penalty
• a command from the Athenian people be gone for
  ten years.

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Ostraka

• potsherds or pieces of broken pottery were used
  as voting tokens
• Broken pottery, abundant and virtually free,
  served as a kind of scrap paper
• papyrus, which was imported from Egypt was
  expensive
• Each year the Athenians were asked in if they
  wished to hold an ostracism.
• In a roped-off area of the agora, citizens
  scratched the name of a citizen on an ostraka and
  deposited them in urns
• The presiding officials counted the ostraka
  submitted
• minimum of six thousand votes for the ostracism
• the officials sorted the names into separate
  piles
• the person receiving the highest number of votes
  was exiled for ten years.
• The person nominated had ten days to leave the
  city
• if he attempted to return, the penalty was death.
  
• the property of the banished was not confiscated
  and there was no loss of status.
• After ten years
• allowed to return without stigma

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Voted into a 10 year exile
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Remains of a 2,500-year-old Greek ship are
recovered off Sicily, Italy, on July 28, 2008.

• At a length of nearly 70 feet (21 meters) and
  a width of 21 feet (6.5 meters), it is the
  largest recovered ship built in a manner first
  depicted in Homer's Iliad, which is believed to
  date back several centuries earlier.The ship's
  outer shell was built first, and the inner
  framework was added later. The wooden planks of
  the hull were sewn together with ropes, with
  pitch and resin used as sealant to keep out
  water."Greek sewn boats have been found in
  Italy, France, Spain, and Turkey. Gela's wreck is
  the most recent and the best preserved," Beltrame
  said."The vessel was a mercantile sailer,
  probably used to sail short stretches along the
  coast, docking frequently to load and unload,"
  said Rosalba Panvini, head of the Cultural
  Heritage Department of Sicily, who directed the
  raising operations.Recovered artifacts?including
  cups, two-handled jars called amphoras, oil
  lamps, pottery, and fragments of straw
  baskets?reveal details of the ship's journey
  before it sank, Panvini said."The vessel
  stopped in Athens, then in the Peloponnese
  Peninsula," Panvini said. "It sailed up the
  western coast of Greece, crossed the Otranto
  Channel, coasted along Italy, and pointed to
  Sicily."The ship was headed for Gela, then a
  Greek colony. About a half mile (800 meters) off
  the coast, a storm probably tilted the ship. The
  ballast broke the hull, and the vessel went down,
  where it lay on the muddy seabed for 25
  centuries.In 1988 two scuba divers discovered
  the remains and informed the Sicilian Cultural
  Heritage Department.It took 20 years to recover
  the whole vessel, which will now be sent to
  Portsmouth, U.K., to be restored before it
  returns to Gela. Officials hope to display the
  restored ship in a planned new sea museum.A
  Sewn BoatBeltrame, of the Universit? Ca'
  Foscari, said the ship?"part of a family of
  archaic Greek vessels"?is something of a missing
  link in the evolution of naval engineering."It
  shows a mix of sewing and mortise-and-tenon
  joints?a different technique that later prevailed
  in shipbuilding," Beltrame said, referring to
  joints in which a protrusion in one piece of wood
  inserts into a cavity in another.Roberto
  Petriaggi of the Italian Central Institute for
  Restoration said Greeks were not the only people
  in the region to build ships using the sewing
  method."Technical knowledge spread easily
  around the Mediterranean Basin," he said. "We
  have finds proving that Egyptians and
  Phoenician-Punic people used that method, too."
  http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/
  080811-greek-ship.html

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Greek ship raised from Mediterranean August 2008
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Why Sicily ?
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Natural Resources in Med

• http//mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/EU/EU05-
  02.html

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Settlement PatternsMagna Graecia

• http//mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/EU/EU05-
  03.html

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Ceramics workshop in Italy
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Archaeological Evidence
Burial in
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Bread Oven in Taganrog, Russia
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Modern Migration

• The Facts of the Matter
• immigrant -- a person who leaves one country to
  settle permanently in another after being granted
  permission to do so by the government
• illegal immigrant -- an alien (non-citizen) who
  has entered the United States without government
  permission or stayed beyond the termination date
  of a visa. This person is sometimes referred to
  as an undocumented immigrant".
• undocumented immigrant -- an alien (non-citizen)
  who has entered the United States without
  government permission or stayed beyond the
  termination date of a visa. This person is
  sometimes referred to as an "illegal immigrant".

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WHAT WOULD YOU BRING?

• Your political party has just been ostracized
  Now What?
• What would you bring with you on your voyage to a
  colony?
• How would you pack it?
• How would it help you once you arrived?
• Do you think youd ever go back?

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Taranto 706 BCE Dorian Greek immigrants as the
only Spartan colony
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Who would you ostracize?

• Draw your own pot sherd
• Inscribe the name of a teacher to be banished
• Place in ceramic kylix