Title: Customer Seminar Ljubljana Slovenia 14.05.2008 SABIC
1SABIC Innovative Plastics Global Application
Technology Secondary Operations Dirk
Noordegraaf
- Customer Seminar Ljubljana Slovenia 14.05.2008
2Agenda
- Global Application Technology Capabilities
- Secondary Operations
- welding
- screwing
- painting
3Global Application Technology
4Locations
VIRTUAL LAB
VIRTUAL LAB
Shanghai China
Bergen op Zoom the Netherlands
VIRTUAL LAB
VIRTUAL LAB
Moka Japan
CAPABLE
VIRTUAL LAB
VIRTUAL LAB
Bangalore India
Southfield, Mi USA
VIRTUAL LAB
GApT 140 People at 7 Locations
Seoul Korea
Pittsfield, Ma USA
5Application Development Expertise
Industrial Design
Global Centers of Excellence Geographical
Alignment with Innovation Leaders
- Complete Application Teardowns
- Concept Designs
- Prototype Development
Predictive Engineering
- Computer Aided Engineering
- Computer Aided Design
- Process Simulation
Process Development
- Injection Molding
- Non-Injection Molding Processes
- Productivity Improvements
Application Performance
- Assembly Processes
- Painting Decoration
- Part Testing and End Use Simulation
6Customer Innovation Process
Market Knowledge..
Alternative Solutions..
..Creativity and Innovation
Performance and Results..
..Proven Success !
..Real Parts
We invent, validate, and translate applications
and processes
7GApT Capabilities Overview
Shanghai China
Bergen op Zoom the Netherlands
Moka Japan
- Industrial Design
- Engineering Design
- Predictive Engineering
- Processing Technologies
- Part Performance
- Secondary Operations
Southfield, MI USA
Bangalore India
Pittsfield, MA USA
Seoul Korea
We invent, validate, and translate applications
and processes
8Assembly for Plastics
9Application development
- Analysis Functional demands separable
y/n,lt5x, sealing - Test requirements dynamic, static,
durability - Design Material properties amorphous crystalline
- Assembly aspects space, 3D, aesthetics, size,
load (direction) - Choice Material strength, temperature,
environment - Assembly technique material pairing,
economics, cycle time - Test Before assembly tolerances
- End product performance, reject rate
10Possibilities to join parts
?
?
?
11Assembly Decision Tree
function
materials
product size
sealing
strength
disassembly
feasible
permanent
equal
lt15 mm
no
no
no
inherent
semi-detachable
similar
lt50 mm
dust
short/impact/drop
detachable
detachable
dissimilar
gt150 mm
liquids
long/continuous
separable
other
gt500 mm
gasses
high temperature
split line
appearance
moisture
2D
not visible
3D
textured surface
welding
adhesive bonding
limited space
no sink marks
mechanical assembly
small
no flash/spill
feasible
function characteristic requirement
full
class A
inherent
12 13Welding techniques
Source Technique Phenomena Heat Hot plate
welding contact/radiation Hot gas
welding convection Infrared radiation Friction
Vibration welding dynamic friction Orbital
welding dynamic friction Rotation
welding dynamic friction Ultrasonic Ultrasonic
hammering dampening losses Laser Laser
Illumination Light Absorption
14Weldprocess comparison
Hot plate
Vibration
Ultrasonic
Laser
Part size
med.-large
small-large
small-med.
small-med.
Design Freedom
/o
o/-
Stress level
low
low-medium
medium-high
low
Weld strength
gt90
50-90
40-80
50-90
Cycle time
gt20 s
5-15 s
lt2 s
1-60 s
Energy use
high
medium
low
medium
Machine tooling
15 16Hot plate welding
- Parameters
- Temperature (200-360C)
- Heating time (10-20 s)
- intrusion
- pressure
- Separation time
- Weld intrusion
- Cooling time
- pressure
17Hot plate welding
- Characteristics
- Components held against a heated tool, then
pressed together - Plate temp. for amorphous Tg140C,
semi-crystalline Tm70C - Radiation hot plate distance several tenths
(semi-crystalline) - No size limitations / 3D joints possible
- Welds can be air and water tight
- Long cycle times (gt 20 s)
- Tips
- Use dry materials to avoid porosity of weld (not
for Cycolac) - Use travel stops to avoid excessive flash, and
improve strength - To avoid sticking use PTFE based coatings up to
260-290C
18Hot plate Welding Plate Temperature
- Low Temperature
- Temperatures less than 260C
- Low temperature tools require Teflon coated
platen or Teflon cloth. - Typically coating/cloth needs replacement every
1500-8000 cycles. - Used on Medical Applications even with High Temp
materials to eliminate contamination /
discoloration / maximize weld strength. - Typical cycle time is 20-40seconds
- High Temperature
- Temperatures higher than 260C
- High temperature tools are typically manufactured
using P-20 tool steel. - No melt release coatings typically required
- Melt residue smokes away or requires brush
cleaning (Nylon) - Smoke/Fumes present requires exhaust/smoke
removal or aircleaning - Typical cycle time is 10-30 seconds.
19Hot Plate Welding non-contact
- Non-contact
- Typically temperatures higher than 450C
- No residue on platen.
- No material discoloration.
- Precise molding tolerances required.
- Not limited to flat mating surfaces.
- Typical cycle time exceeds 40 seconds.
- Technique is most complicated and least often
used in production hot plate welding.
20Design for hot plate welding
21Vibration Welding
22Vibration welding
- Parameters
- Frequency (100-240 Hz)
- Amplitude (0.35-2.0 mm)
- Weld time (2-8 s)
- pressure (0.5-5 MPa)
- Cooling time
- pressure
Typical Frequency 120 Hz Amplitude 1.6
mm Weld time 2-3 s pressure 0.5 MPa In a butt
joint above settings can results in a weld factor
gt90
23Vibration welding
- Characteristics
- Heat generation by rubbing the interfacial
surfaces under pressure - Short cycle times (5-15 s)
- Weld line in one plane, same as vibratory motion
- Tips
- Weld line must be (fixed) very rigid to avoid
loss of weld activity - Use butt joint, energy director may be added to
initiate rapid heat build-up and melting - Do not over-pressurize semi-crystalline materials
(low melt visc.)
24Design for vibration welding
25Vibration weld joint designs
2.4
2.4
2.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
1.6
1.6
2.8
12.0
flash trap volume Vweld 20
26Alternative to avoidance of flesh
- IR-preheating
- When to consider
- Reduction or avoidance of floating fibers/flesh
needed - Alternative welding processes not possible (US,
hot plate, laser) - Improvements
- Optically Particles / fiber formation in phase I
and II, amount of flesh during phase III in the
weld process - Method
- ? IR Preheating of the weldzone by IR
emitters
27Fibers from the welding process
Microscopy pictures of fibers
PA66-GF30
PP
Noryl
28IR/VIB Welding
- Vibration welding
- Weldzone homogeneous with flesh(Material
PA66-GF30) - IR welding
- Oxidation of material in the weld zone
- IR/Vibration welding (IR)
- Weldzone homogeneous with minimal flesh
Source LKT, Universität Erlangen
29IR/VIB Welding
IR - Emitters
30IR/VIB Welding
Process
31Courtesy of Branson
Vibration welding IR/Vibration
Welding
32Ultrasonic Welding
33Ultrasonic Welding Process
- Parameters
- Frequency (20-40 kHz)
- Amplitude (10-40 µm amorph.)
- (25-60 µm crystal.)
- Energy
- Pressure 1-3 bar
- Weld time (0.2-2.0 s)
- Cooling time (0.2-0.5 s)
- Hold Pressure 1-3 bar
- Trigger 0.5 bar
- Intrusion 0.1-0.8 mm
amplitude
pressure
trigger pressure
generator power
intrusion
time
34Ultrasonic welding machine
Starting position Expansion Compression
0
Generator
Booster
0
Expansion
Compression
Sonotrode
0
Expansion
Compression
Oscillation amplitude (double amplitude)
Amplitude
Product
35Ultrasonic welding
- Characteristics
- Longitudinal vibrations are boosted and directed
to weld area, - where interface melts
- Very short cycle times (lt2 s)
- Part sizes max. 200 mm (amorph.) or 70 mm
(semi-cryst.) - Tips
- Use energy director (for amorphous) or shear
joint (preferred for semi crystalline) - With dissimilar materials, activate highest
melting/viscosity - material with sonotrode
- Use dry material (preferably no release grades)
36Heat generation principle
37Design for ultrasonic welding
Energy director
Shear joint
Energy director
h
a
Amorphous
Semi-crystalline
small
small
big
big
part size
0.2-0.4
0.4-0.6
h
0.4-0.7
0.7-1.0
90
60-90
a
38Design Variations
With courtesy to Branson
39 Compatibility table for Ultrasonic welding
Noryl
GTX
Cycolac
Cycoloy
Noryl
Ultem
Valox
Xenoy
Lexan
0
0
-
30
100
0
0
0
Noryl
GTX
160
10
100
140
30
-
100
Cycolac
100
120
100
-
50
150
Cycoloy
150
125
50
40
100
Lexan
100
30
10
10
Noryl
-
-
100
Ultem
120
100
Valox
The numbers in the table
100
Xenoy
represent the maximum weld
strengths compared to the
weakest of the materials when
welded to itself (in percents).
not
compatible
feasible
compatible
40Laser Welding
41Laser Welding Principle
Laser Source
Transparent Material for lasersource
Absorbing Material
Local Generation of heat
- Combination of NIR transparent and absorbing
materials - Absorbing material is heated and melts
- Heat transfers to the transparent part
- Weld pressure builds up and weld is formed
Most widely used is overlap or transmission
welding
42Key Elements for Laser Welding
1. Optical Properties
2. Polymers
3. Gap Pressure
4. Laser
43Optical properties of Materials
- Laser weldability controlled by balance of
- transparency, reflection and absorption in
NIR - Key Factors for Transparency/Absorbance
- scattering by pigments
- scattering by fillers
- scattering in multi phase systems
- scattering by crystals in crystalline materials
- absorption of dyes/pigments in 800-1100 nm range
Incident Beam
Reflected Beam
Scattering
Absorbtion
44Transmission of natural resins in NIR
T
T Lexan 121 90 Lexan
503R (10 GF) 75 Ultem 1000 80 Ultem
2200 (20GF) 20-25 Xylex 90 Cycoloy
C1000HF 35-40 Xenoy CL101 20-30 Noryl
PO2355B 30-35 Noryl GFN1630V
(10GF) 25-35 Noryl GTX 979 40-45 Noryl
GTX 810 (10 GF) 35-45 Valox 325 25-30
Valox 420 (30 GF) 10-15 Staramid A28 75
Staramid AG7K (35GF) 50
45Gap Bridging
Gaps due to workpiece tolerance
50 40 30 20 10 0
- Surface layer is heated indirectly
- Gap air excellent heat barrier
- Polymer expands by appr. 10 during heating ?
closes thermal gap - Maximum gap depends on polymers, doping
concentration and on seam width - Rule of thumb for maximum gap
- lt 100 µm (contour)
- lt 300 µm (quasi simultaneous)
Pull strength in N/mm²
0 5 10 15
20 line energy in J/cm
Dependence on line energy and process Material
Polycarbonat colour combination transparent /
black
46Weld design for transmission welding
- Overlap designs
-
- Ability to apply sufficient clamp force
-
- No gaps in the weld joint
- air functions as a heat insulator? no heating
of the transparent layer - polymer expansion due to heating builds up
the weld pressure - Conical shaped joints
47Welding Methods
Contour Welding
Simultaneous Welding
Mask Welding
Quasi-Simultaneous Welding
48Advantages of Laser Welding
- Contact free welding
- 3D Part design freedom
- No or reduced tooling cost/wear
- Low stress in weld area
- Quality
- (High Weld Strength)
- Gas tight weld line
- No weld flash
- Highly reproducible
- No/reduced sink marks
- Weld area
- Easy control of welding
- Minimum heat affected zone
- Material melt viscosity insensitive
- Material stiffness insensitive
49Summary
- Laserwelding is a robust welding process
offering - High weld strength
- Reproducibility
- Process Control
- Freedom of design
- Areass that needs detailed study
- pairing of materials and colors
- clamping of parts to obtain zero gap
- investment costs
Laser welding is said to grow to 20 of the
welding processes
50Screw Assembly ofThermoplastic Components
51Factors that influence performance
- Design
- Screw
- Boss
- Mould
- Material
- Strength/Stiffness
- Ductility/Notch sensitivity
- Elongation at break
- Relaxation
- Process
- Moulding
- Screw installation
52Screw types
Thread cutting Used for rigid plastics
Thread forming Generally used for plastics
53Thread geometries
Hi Lo thread
Trilobular (not recommended for plastics)
Double lead
ITW Boss screw
54Thread-cutting screws
- Tensile stress in screw
- Compression between screw head and top of boss
- Low tension between plastic and thread flank
- Stress distribution comparable with bolt nut
- For materials with low elongation at break
55Thread-forming screws
- Permanent deformation of plastic boss
- Radial and axial stresses in boss
- No compression under screw head necessary
- For all thermoplastics except highly filled (³40)
56Thread-forming screws design
- Flank angle
- 30 for low radial stresses
- Thread pitch
- max. 8 for vibration
- resistance
- Core diameter
- small to enable
- material flow
- Tolerances
- only tool to reduce
- thread stripping
57Boss design for moulded parts
outer Æ
detail A
Material
Hole ø
Outer ø
Depth
R
Cycolac
0.80 x d
2.00 x d
2.0 x d
d
Noryl
0.85 x d
2.50 x d
2.2 x d
Cycoloy
0.85 x d
2.20 x d
2.0 x d
0.3-0.5d
Lexan
0.85 x d
2.50 x d
2.2 x d
A
thread engagement
Xylex
0.85 x d
2.50 x d
2.2 x d
hole Æ
Lexan-GF
0.85 x d
2.20 x d
2.0 x d
R
Ultem
0.85 x d
2.50 x d
2.2 x d
Xenoy
0.85 x d
2.50 x d
2.2 x d
s
Noryl GTX
0.80 x d
2.20 x d
2.0 x d
Valox
0.75 x d
1.85 x d
1.7 x d
Valox-GF
0.80 x d
1.80 x d
1.7 x d
Lead-in counterbore to reduce radial edge stresses
AZDEL
0.80 x d
2.00 x d
2.0 x d
58Painting of Plastics
59Key Factors in Paint Adhesion
- Clean Surface
- Must be free of all surface contamination (dirt,
oils, release) - Power Wash Multi -Stage Acid type is most
common and preferred - Solvent Wipe Sometimes used but chance of
operator error is high - Wetting
- Intimate contact (wetting) is a key requirement
for obtaining adhesion - Power Wash should improve potential for wetting
- Surface energy of the substrate must be equal or
greater than the surface energy of the coating
- Rinse re- circulated DI Water
Partial Wetting
Complete Non-Wetting
Complete Wetting
60Theories in Paint Adhesion
- Mechanical Interlocking
- Coating interlocks around profile
(irregularities, pores) of the substrate - Sanding or chemical etching the substrate
surface can enhance this mechanism - Interdiffusion
- Assumes that paint molecules have the ability to
diffuse and entangle with the substrate - Solvents, resin type and level of cure all play a
role - Absorption Theory
- Materials held together by electrostatic forces
----------
61Semi Crystalline Materials
- Molding No high shear (Tool design, Injection
Speed) - Tool Temperature (Crystallinity)
- Holding Pressure (Surface Quality)
- Back Pressure (Shear, Mixing)
- Cleaning Small series Solvent wipe
- Large Series Power-wash
- Remove Additives from the Surface
- Paint Formulation Less restriction towards
Solvents - Water based Paints limited systems available
- Paint Process Good wet-ability required
Semi Crystalline ? Adhesion !
62Amorphous Materials
- Molding Melt T Residence time Degradation
- Melt T Injection Speed Degradation
- Melt T Holding Pressure Bulk Stress
- Melt T Tool T Surface Stress
-
- Cleaning Small series Mild solvents to be used
- alcohols (IPA).
- Large Series Power wash
- Remove Additives from the Surface
- Paint Formulation Mild Solvents to be used
(Minimize aromates) - Good paint-ability with waterborne paints
-
- Paint Process Thickness
- Flash off
Amorphous ? Stress
63Lexan 123 Mobile Phone Housing Moulded in Stress
As moulded
After annealing 30 min 130 C
64Blends
Blends used in painted applications
Amorphous PC ABS ABS - PC PPE PS PC - PET
Semi Crystalline PC PBT IM PPE PA -
IM PPE - PP
High care needed as blend stability is sensitive
to shear
Stable Morphology is key for adhesion other
properties
65INFLUENCING ADHESION
Material Composition
Processing
- crystalline vs. amorphous
- blends
- - surface tension polarity
- - impact modifiers
- - release agents
- tool design - temperature conditions -
injection speeds - packing pressure
Pretreatment / Cleaning
Paint
- - flaming
- - plasma
- Power wash
- solvent based
- water based
- - powder coating
- - paint layers
66Paint Evaluation
67Evaluation
Exposure Dry Heat Condense Water Climate
test Humidity Heat Tests Accelerated weathering
(WTC) Natural Weathering
Adhesion Qualitative Cross Hatch,
Steamjet Quantitative Various Methods Bond
Strength Welding Adhesive Bonding
Surface Colour (Technology) Distinct of
Image Wavescan Ondulo
68Adhesion Testing
Cross Hatch Test
High Pressure Wash Test
69Wave scan Measurements
Materials DOI Du LW SW WA E- Coated steel
Base / clear coated 94 2 8 17 8 Clear
coated 96 1 4 10 3 XENOY XD 1575S-
78211 Unpainted 89 14 3 9 13 Base / clear
coated 97 1 1 1 2
70Surface quality Ondulo inspection
Application performances - Orange peel -
Flow lines - Lifters lines - Read through,
welding / ribs - Glass fibers - flow fronts
2K molding - Tiger stripes
71Surface Material Analysis
Failure analyses Capabilities BoZ Selection of
most applied techniques ToF SIMS Surface
Analysis (1 nm) XPS Elements Composition (3-5
nm) SEM / EDX Surface Structure / Elemental
Composition TEM Blend Morphology HT-GC Additives
Concentration
72Paint Evaluation Impact
Actual Part Octafiliar Test
Dynstat Impact Test
Zwick Rel Instrumented Impact Test
73Metallisation of Plastics
74Metallization of Plastics Why
- Changes Aesthetics and or Function of a surface.
- - Metal look (and feel)
- - Electro Magnetic Compatibility or EMI shielding
- ESD Electrostatic Discharge
- Antennas
- Metal properties, reflection/ conductivity
75Customer voice Metal Effect
SOME EXAMPLES
Vacuummetallisation
Plating Decorative Functional
76Metallisation Technologies
77Metallisation Technologies
- - Vacuum metallisation
- - Electroless
- - Electro plating
- Paint
- Foil/In Mould Decoration
- Metal Sheet
78Metallization Technologies and Materials
- Vacuum metallization all
plastics - Electroless, selective
all plastics non selective as Electro
plating - Electro plating Standard Process
Cycoloy (PC/ABS) Cycolac (ABS), Specials
GF Ultem (Glass filled PEI)/MF PA/ Lexan
(PC)/ Noryl (PS/PPE)/Valox (PBT)/Noryl GTX
- Paint, IMD all
plastics
79Vacuum Metallisation
80Vacuum Metallization
Properties - EMI Shielding/Decorative/Reflective
Applications - Thin layer(s) - Most commonly used
Aluminum - No wear resistance/ sensitive - No
cold metal touch
81Vacuum Metallization
Metal layer applied in vacuum. (lt10-5 mbar)
Most frequently used technologies are
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Plasma Enhanced
Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
Vacuum metallisation unit in BoZ
82Physical Vapor Deposition
83Basic process of Vacuum Metallization
84Metallic High Vacuum Deposition
Vacuum chamber (Batch process)
Scheme Metallization with base and top coat
Charging cage with single and double system
85Applications
Reflectors Bezel Trophys Cosmetic packaging
86Properties of applied layers
Applied metal layers are thin For certain
applications protection is needed - Painting
with a Clear Coat - Protection with a Plasma
Polymerization layer
87Vacuum metallization on Plastics CTQs
Detection method for quality Clean surface
quality is of key importance Limited cleaning
capability of Glow Discharge Mold, store and
process as clean as possible
88Plating of Plastics
89Applications
Plastics components with metal feel and look
- Use of the design freedom
- of plastics and combined
- with metal properties
- Aesthetics
- Gloss
- Reflectivity
- Conductivity
- Surface hardness
- Antistatic
- EMI shielding
90Categories of Plating on Plastics
- Electroless-Copper/Nickel
- Double-Sided Plating
- Selective Plating
- Electroplating
- Copper/Nickel
- Copper/Nickel/Other Metals
Sn, Au, Cr, Black Cr,
Satin Ni - Special Processes Molded Interconnect Devices
91Typical Plating Process For Decorative
Applications
- Surface Treatment
- Clean - - - Surfactants
- Etch (functionalize) - - - CrO3/H2SO4
- Neutralize - - - NH2OH/H2SO4
- Catalyze - - - PdCl2/SnCl2
- Accelerate - - - HBF4
- Electroless Copper or Nickel Plate
- Electroplate
- Copper Strike - Improve Conductivity Enhance
Metal Adhesion - Bright Acid Copper - Leveling Ductility
- Semi-Bright Nickel - Adhesion, Corrosion
Protection - Bright Nickel - Luster, Sheen Corrosion
Protection - Microporous Nickel - Sacrificial layer to provide
very small sites for corrosion to prevent large
corrosion
92 ABS Resin Plating Structure
Chrome 0.15 - 0.25 µm Bright
Nickel 5-15 µm Micro-Porous Nickel
15-30µm Semi-Bright Nickel 15-20 µm Watts
Nickel Bright Acid Copper 10-40 µm Copper
Strike Chemical Copper or Nickel (0.5 - 0.7 µm)
Plating Adhesion ABS Resin
Anchor Hole
(Diameter 0.2 - 2.0µm) (Depth 0.2 - 2.0 µm)
93Process Illustration- Double-Sided Plating
94Plateable Plastics
Grade Specific
- ABS
- ABS/Polycarbonate Blends
- Mineral filled PA 6
- Noryl GTX
- Glass Mineral filled Ultem
- Polycarbonate
- Polyesters
- Polyphenylene Ether
- Aryl and Aromatic Nylons
- PolyarlyAmides
- Polybutylene Terephlatate
- Polysulfones
- Other Engineering Plastics
95Plateable Plastics
Grades
Cycolac Cycoloy Lexan Noryl
Ultem Valox Polyamide Noryl GTX
- Cycolac S705, MG37EP(N)
- Cycoloy MC1300, CP8320, CP8930
- Not recommended
- Noryl PN275, PN235
- Ultem 2300, 2312, 3452
- Valox EH7020HF
- Only some specially mineral filled products
- GTX VP7115
96Non Plateable Plastics
Grades
Xylex X7509, X8409
Cloy Typical Xylex
Cloy Piano black Xylex
Cloy Typical PC
Full Coverage on front side and most of the
backside
Xylex is unplated on both sides (no overgrowth)
97Thank you!Questions?
98Disclaimer
SABIC-IP Global Disclaimer
- THE MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF SABIC
INNOVATIVE PLASTICS HOLDING BV, ITS SUBSIDIARIES
AND AFFILIATES (SELLER), ARE SOLD SUBJECT TO
SELLERS STANDARD CONDITIONS OF SALE, WHICH CAN
BE FOUND AT http//www.sabic-ip.com AND ARE
AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. ALTHOUGH ANY INFORMATION
OR RECOMMENDATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS GIVEN IN
GOOD FAITH, SELLER MAKES NO WARRANTY OR
GUARANTEE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (i) THAT THE
RESULTS DESCRIBED HEREIN WILL BE OBTAINED UNDER
END-USE CONDITIONS, OR (ii) AS TO THE
EFFECTIVENESS OR SAFETY OF ANY DESIGN
INCORPORATING SELLERS PRODUCTS, SERVICES OR
RECOMMENDATIONS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SELLERS
STANDARD CONDITIONS OF SALE, SELLER SHALL NOT BE
RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSS RESULTING FROM ANY USE
OF ITS PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DESCRIBED HEREIN.
Each user is responsible for making its own
determination as to the suitability of Sellers
products, services or recommendations for the
users particular use through appropriate end-use
testing and analysis. Nothing in any document or
oral statement shall be deemed to alter or waive
any provision of Sellers Standard Conditions of
Sale or this Disclaimer, unless it is
specifically agreed to in a writing signed by
Seller. No statement by Seller concerning a
possible use of any product, service or design is
intended, or should be construed, to grant any
license under any patent or other intellectual
property right of Seller or as a recommendation
for the use of such product, service or design in
a manner that infringes any patent or other
intellectual property right. - SABIC Innovative Plastics is a trademark of Sabic
Holding Europe BV - Trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics IP BV