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The Future of the HVAC&R Industry

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The Future of the HVAC&R Industry Richard B. Hayter Kansas State University Sheila J. Hayter U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Paper #134, Topic #5.4 – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Future of the HVAC&R Industry


1
The Future of the HVACR Industry
  • Richard B. Hayter
  • Kansas State University
  • Sheila J. Hayter
  • U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
  • Paper 134, Topic 5.4

www.clima2005.ch
2
A Perspective on the Future
No sensible decision can be made any longer
without taking into account not only the world as
it is but the world as it will be. Isaac Asimov
3
A Perspective on the Future
  • A world population of 6B, increasing to perhaps
    10B by 2050
  • Rising expectations of developing countries
  • Escalating demand on (finite) resources
  • Political and economic instability
  • Preservation of the environment
  • Jim Schultz
  • CLIMA 2001

4
A Perspective on the Future
  • Building envelopes that serve a dual role as the
    building electrical power source
  • Power sources within the building (micro
    turbines, fuel cells)
  • Refrigerant free, energy efficient refrigeration
    and space cooling equipment
  • R. B. Hayter

5
Overview
  • Learning from the past
  • The HVACR Market
  • Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Looking Ahead

6
Learning from the Past
  • In the past, buildings in warm climates had
    operable windows with awnings for shade, high
    ceilings and portable fans.

7
Learning from the Past
  • The U.S. National Academy of Engineering selected
    air-conditioning and refrigeration as one of the
    Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th
    Century.
  • Since 1940 eight of the 10 fastest growing cities
    in the U.S. are in the southern part of the
    country.
  • Today, in excess of 55 of the entire U.S.
    housing stock has central air-conditioning and
    75 of all newly constructed homes have central
    air-conditioning.

8
The HVAC Market
Courtesy ARI
9
The HVAC Market
  • 33,297 CFC chillers still remain in use in the
    US.
  • Replacement chillers are at least 40 more
    efficient than those installed 40 years ago.
  • CO2 production has been reduced by 4 million
    tons/year as a result of chiller replacement.

10
The HVAC Market
Shipment-Weighted Seasonal Energy Efficiency
Ratios of Unitary Air-Conditioners (Less than
65,000 BTUH) Courtesy ARI
11
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • The solutions to infrastructure problems are
    probably 5 technical and 95 social, political,
    environmental and economic.
  • U.S. National Science Foundation Civil
    Infrastructure Systems Task Force.

12
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Energy
  • Environment
  • Human Factors
  • Political
  • Societal
  • Communication

13
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Energy
  • The U.S. residential and commercial sectors
    account for 40 of the total energy consumed in
    the country.
  • 41 of all electricity consumed in commercial
    buildings is for comfort cooling, ventilation and
    refrigeration.
  • Consumers are demanding sustainable building
    design, construction and operation are key.

14
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Environment
  • If every centrifugal chiller had an efficacy of
    0.48 kW/Ton vs. 0.56, annual plant emissions
    would be reduced by
  • Nearly 17 billion pounds of C02
  • Over 64 billion grams of SO2
  • Over 27 billion grams of Nox
  • Which is equivalent to
  • Removing over 2 X 106 cars from the road
  • Planting nearly 500 X 106 trees each year.
  • Jim Wolf
  • ASHRAE Presidential Member

15
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Human Factors
  • Employee cost per unit area of an office
    building in the U.S. is 100 times that of the
    operating cost of the building.
  • Jeopardizing employee performance because of
    poor control of the indoor environment could be a
    major cost to employer.

16
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • 4. Political
  • Public policy affecting building design,
    construction and operation must be based on solid
    technical principles, not politically based
    restrictions.
  • System design and performance standards must be
    uniform throughout the globe and be based on
    technology rather than market protection.

17
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Societal
  • The consumer is demanding that buildings be
  • sustainable
  • safe
  • free from harmful contaminants
  • structurally sound
  • safe from acts of violence

18
Influences on HVACR Applications
  • Communication
  • The internet gives us a flat world. It allows
    us to
  • Share educational programs,
  • Relay and discuss research results and
  • Create global design teams independent of
    location.
  • Information available on the Web may not have
    undergone the scrutiny of peer review.

19
Looking Ahead
  • Equipment and Systems
  • Improvements in compressor modulation
  • Cost effective expansion recovery systems
  • Reliable, oil-less drives
  • Improvements in refrigerant heat exchanger
    performance
  • Jim Schultz
  • CLIMA 2001

20
Looking Ahead
  • 1. Equipment and Systems Continued
  • Increased use of radiant cooling
  • Expanded use on individual climate control
  • Natural and displacement ventilation
  • More applications of refrigerant free cooling
  • R.B. Hayter

21
Looking Ahead
  • Refrigerants
  • Development of new, environmentally benign
    refrigerant blends
  • Increased use of natural, flammable and explosive
    refrigerants in systems that are safe and that
    have an acceptable COP.

22
Looking Ahead
  • Controllers
  • Building automation will migrate from central
    control to the equipment level.
  • Wireless controllers will give greater
    flexibility.
  • Point control applications will increase.
  • Internet based control will expand.
  • Systems will be less susceptible to power quality
    anomalies.

23
Looking Ahead
  • Human Factors
  • Use of multivariate controllers will increase.
  • The understanding about effects of air quality
    will increase as will our ability to control it.
  • Demand for acoustic control will increase
  • The effect of the indoor environment on
    productivity will be quantified.

24
Looking Ahead
  • Specialty Environments
  • Individual control of environments within the
    personal space will increase.
  • Preservation of food and environmental control of
    food animal confinement housing will increase.
  • The demands by the manufacturing sector for
    precise environmental control will increase.

25
Looking Ahead
  • Design Team

26
Conclusion
  • Vision without action is merely a dream and
    action without vision just passes the time, but
    vision with action can change the world.
  • Joel Barker
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