The U.S. Space-Based PNT Current Program and Future Trends

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The U.S. Space-Based PNT Current Program and
Future Trends
Michael Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination
Office
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Introduction

• During the past decade, GPS has grown into a
  global utility providing space-based positioning,
  navigation and timing (PNT)
• Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and
  performance
• Augmentations improve performance
• Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of
  the global information infrastructure
• Scalable applications enabling broad new
  capabilities
• Innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental
  protection, public security and science

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Space-based PNT Applications Support A Wide
Range of Economic Activities
Satellite Operations
Power Grid Management
Communications Network Synchronization
Trucking Shipping
Personal Navigation
GIS, Surveying, and Mapping
Fishing Boating
Aviation
Oil Exploration
Precision Agriculture
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Space-based PNT is Key to Scientific Monitoring
of the Earth
To better understand the changes and complex
dynamic processes of our home planet
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Overview

• Program
• Policy
• International Cooperation

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Baseline 24 satellite constellation in Medium
  Earth Orbit
• Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather
  conditions
• Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit
  information on L-band radio frequencies
• Two types of signals
• Standard (free of direct user fees)
• Precise (U.S. and allied military)
• Three segments
• Space
• Ground control
• User equipment

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GPS Constellation
31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008
(Baseline Constellation 24)

• 13 Block IIA satellites
• 12 Block IIR satellites
• 6 Block IIR-M satellite
• Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
• Continuously assessing constellation health to
  determine launch need
• 2 Block IIR(M) satellites remaining
• Next launch June 2008
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment
  met continuously since December 1993

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GPS Modernization the Future

• Second civil signal L2C
• Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
• Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005 24
  satellites 2014
• Third civil signal L5
• Designed to meet demanding requirements for
  transportation safety-of-life
• Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio
  Navigation Service (ARNS) band
• Begins with GPS Block IIF
• 1st launch 2008 (GPS IIR-M Demo) 2009 (GPS
  IIF) 24 satellites 2016
• Fourth civil signal L1C
• Designed with international partners for GNSS
  interoperability (e.g. Galileo)
• Begins with GPS Block III
• First launch 2014 24 satellites 2021

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Continuous Performance Improvement

• Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS
  services
• Accuracy
• Bounded inaccuracy
• Assured availability
• Integrity
• Resistance to RF interference/jamming

Accuracy
Performance Standard
Decreasing range error
Year
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U.S. Policy History

• 1978 First GPS satellite launched
• 1983 President offered free civilian GPS
  access to GPS
• 1996 Established joint civil/military GPS
  management

• 1997 Congress passes law providing civil GPS
  access free of direct user fees
• 2000 President set Selective Availability to
  Zero
• 2004 President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based
  PNT
• 2007 President announces Selective Availability
  eliminated from future GPS III satellites

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2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• No direct user fees for civil GPS services
• Open public signal structures for all civil
  services
• Promotes equal access for user equipment
  manufacture, applications development and
  value-added services
• Encourages open market-driven competition
• Encourage use of GPS time, geodesy and signal
  standards
• Promote global compatibility and interoperability
  of GNSS systems with GPS
• Protect the radionavigation spectrum from
  disruption and interference
• Recognition of national and international
  security issues and protect against misuse

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2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• Recognizes the changing international scene
• Other nations are implementing space-based
  systems that provide PNT services
• National Executive Committee for Space-Based PNT
• Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and
  Transportation
• Membership includes State, Interior,
  Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland Security, Joint
  Chiefs of Staff and NASA
• Established National Coordination Office with
  staff from each member agency

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U.S. Space-Based PNT Structure
WHITE HOUSE
Ad HocWorking Groups
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U.S. Space-based PNT Advisory Board

• Conducts assessments makes recommendations to
  the Executive Committee in support of national
  policy goals and objectives for space-based PNT
• Twenty-four members 6 international members
• Met twice in 2007
• Last meeting 27-28 March 2008

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Key Executive Committee Activities
Eight meetings since 2006

• Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan
• Summarizes EXCOM agency planning for development,
  acquisition, sustainment and modernization of
  U.S. space-based PNT systems
• Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan
• Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S.
  capabilities to detect and mitigate sources of
  interference to GPS and its augmentations
• National PNT Architecture
• Provides national PNT framework/investment
  strategy to help guide future PNT
  system-of-systems investment 2025 timeframe
• International Cooperation and Consultation
• Compatibility and interoperability with other
  foreign systems

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Existing and Future GNSS

• Global Constellations
• GPS (U.S.)
• GLONASS (Russia)
• Galileo (EU)
• Compass (China)
• Regional Constellations
• QZSS (Japan)
• IRNSS (India)

• Satellite-Based Augmentations
• WAAS (U.S.)
• EGNOS (EU)
• MSAS (Japan)
• GAGAN (India)

Future
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2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy International
Cooperation

• Goals
• U.S. space-based PNT systems and services remain
  essential components of internationally accepted
  services
• Promote U.S. technological leadership in
  applications involving space-based PNT services
• To achieve these goals, the U.S. shall
• Encourage foreign development of PNT
  services/systems based on GPS
• Seek to ensure foreign space-based PNT systems
  are interoperable with civil GPS and
  augmentations
• At a minimum ensure compatibility
• Promote use of GPS and its augmentations, civil
  services and standards with foreign govts and
  international organizations

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Goal of Civil Interoperability
Example

• Ideal interoperability provides users a PNT
  solution using signals from different GNSS
  systems
• No additional receiver cost or complexity
• No degradation in performance

Interoperable Better Together Than Separate
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U.S. Objectives with Other GNSS Service Providers

• Ensure compatibility ? ability of all space-based
  PNT services to operate separately or together
  without interfering with each individual service
  or signal
• Radio frequency compatibility
• Spectral separation between M code and other
  signals
• Achieve interoperability ability of civil U.S.
  and non-U.S. space-based PNT services operating
  together to provide better user capabilities
  than by relying on one service or signal
• Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals

Pursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral
Cooperation
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U.S. - Europe Cooperation

• Activity is divided among four working groups
• Radio frequency compatibility
• Trade issues
• Technological developments and
  future designs
• Security issues
• Improved new civil signal
  (MBOC) adopted in July 2007

• U.S. -- EU agreement signed in 2004 provides
  solid foundation for cooperation

June 26, 2004, press conference at U.S.-EU Summit
in Ireland (U.S. Sec. of State Colin Powell,
Irish Foreign Minister Brian Cowen, EU
Vice-President Loyola De Palacio)?
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International Committee on Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (ICG)?

• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on Exploration and
  Peaceful Uses of Outer Space - July 1999
• Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into
  infrastructures, particularly in developing
  countries
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability
  among global and regional systems
• Members include
• GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India,
  Japan)
• Other member states of the United Nations
• International organizations/associations
• U.S. will host next ICG in Pasadena, CA - Dec 2008

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Web-based Information

• PNT.gov established to provide a source for
  information about U.S. Space Based PNT Program
  including
• U.S. policy, Executive Committee membership,
  Advisory Board and frequently asked questions
• Announcements about Selective Availability and
  offer letter to International Civil Aviation
  Organization
• Recent public presentations
• GPS.gov established for public information about
  GPS applications
• Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and
  Chinese
• Brochures also available in hardcopy upon request
• Links to various other Web sites

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Summary

• U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing well in
  policy, programs and international outreach
• Implementation of 2004 U.S. Policy proceeding
• U.S. space-based PNT system performance
  continues to imimprove into the future
• International cooperation is a top U.S.
  priority
• Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral
  consultations
• New GNSS applications emerging

As new space-based GNSSs emerge, compatibility
and interoperability is the key to success for
all
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Contact Information
Michael E. Shaw Director U.S. National
Coordination Office Space-Based Positioning,
Navigation and Timing 1401 Constitution Ave,
N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230-0001 Ph (202)
482-5809 Fax [phone] michael.shaw_at_pnt.gov
This presentation and other GPS information
www.pnt.gov
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• BACKUPS

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GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)
Alaska
England
Schriever AFB Colorado
S Korea
Vandenberg AFB California
USNO
Cape Canaveral
Hawaii
Bahrain
Kwajalein
Ecuador
Tahiti
Diego Garcia
Ascension
S Africa
Argentina
Australia
New Zealand
Ground Antenna
OCS Monitor Station
Master Control Station
Monitor Station
NGA Monitor Station
Backup Master Control Station
Ground Antenna
Future Monitor Station
Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)