Chapter Five: Appreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions

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Chapter Five Appreciating Individual
Differences Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions

• Team Japan
• BA352 Section 005

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Self Concept

• Defined as the concept the individual has of
  oneself as a physical, social, and spiritual or
  moral being.
• Self-concept would be impossible without the
  capacity to think
• Cognitions
• Represent any knowledge, opinion, or belief about
  the environment, about oneself, or about ones
  behavior.
• The 3 main ideas behind self include self
  esteem, self efficacy, and self monitoring

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Self Esteem

• Defined as the belief about ones own self worth
  based on an overall self-evaluation.
• For Example
• Im ugly, Im fat, Im a loser low self esteem
• Im the most beautiful person on Earth, both
  inside and out high self esteem
• Self esteem and performance are directly
  correlated

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Self Efficacy

• Defined as a persons belief about his or her
  chances of successfully accomplishing a specific
  task.
• High self efficacy has been linked to success in
  widely varied physical and mental tasks alike.
• Self efficacy is a very important concept
  managers must understand in order to be
  successful

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Self Monitoring

• Definition
• The extent to which a person observes their own
  self expressive behavior and adapts it to the
  demands of the situation.
• High Self Monitors
• Also known as chameleons
• Regulate their expressive self presentation for
  the sake of desired public appearances
• Low Self Monitors
• Often criticized for being insensitive and living
  on their ownj planet

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Self Monitoring in OB Context

• It is like any other individual difference, there
  is no right or wrong
• It is a source of diversity that needs to be
  adequately understood by present and future
  mangers
• Recommendations
• There is a positive relationship between high
  self monitoring and career success
• Low self monitors become more consciously aware
  of your self image and how it affects others
• High self monitors dont over do it by turning
  from a successful chameleon into an insincere,
  dishonest or phony person.

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Self Management

• Albert Bandura propounded the comprehensive model
  of human learning
• Idea behind the model is that You are the master
  of your own behavior
• The behavior component in the model, encourages
  people to seek self improvement
• Managers have found an agenda for self
  improvement through Stephen Coveys Seven Habits

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Personality Dynamics

• Personality combo of stable physical mental
  characteristics that give an individual his or
  her identity
• Big Five Personality Dimensions
• Extraversion outgoing, talkative, sociable
• Agreeableness trusting, cooperative, good
  natured
• Conscientiousness dependable, responsible
• Emotional Stability relaxed, secure, unworried,
• Openness to experience imaginative, curious,
  intellectual

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Job Performance

• Scoring strongly with the big five dimensions
  correlates with job performance
• Conscientiousness has strongest positive
  correlation with job performance
• Extraversion associated with the success of
  managers
• Stronger indicator then agreeableness

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Locus of Control

• What is it?
• The way a person takes responsibility for their
  behavior and its consequences
• Internal locus of control
• People who believe they take control of the
  events in their life
• External locus of control
• Its beyond their immediate control
• Attributes outcomes to environmental causes

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Attitude

• A learned predisposition to respond in a
  consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with
  respect to a given object.

Attitudes versus Values
Values represent global beliefs that influence
behavior across all situations
Attitudes relate only to behavior directed
towards a specific object, person, or situation
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Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities

• Intelligence an individuals capacity for
  constructive thinking, reasoning, problem
  solving.
• Two Types of Abilities
• General mental ability needed for all cognitive
  tasks
• Unique to the task at hand

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7 Major Mental Abilities

• Verbal Comprehension
• Word Fluency
• Numerical
• Spatial
• Memory
• Perceptual Speed
• Inductive Reasoning

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Positive and Negative Emotions

• Emotions are Complex human interactions to
  personal achievements and setbacks that may be
  felt and displayed
• Emotions involve all aspects of a person
• Biological
• Psychological
• Social
• Felt Emotions
• Displayed Emotions

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Contagious Moods and Emotions

• Negative Emotions (Goal incongruent)
• Anger
• Fright/anxiety
• Guilt/shame
• Sadness
• Envy/jealousy
• Disgust

• Positive Emotions (Goal congruent)
• Happiness/joy
• Pride
• Love/affection
• Relief

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Emotional Labor and Intelligence

• Emotional Labor having to fake your emotions or
  mood
• Emotional labor and be detrimental to the
  employee performing the labor
• May cause employees to bottle up feelings
• Women are more emotionally expressive than men

• Emotional Intelligence
• Personal Competence
• Self-Awareness
• Self-Management
• Social Competence
• Social Awareness
• Relationship Management

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Thank you!