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The Forgotten Pandemic The 1918 Flu Epidemic

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Title: The Forgotten Pandemic The 1918 Flu Epidemic


1
The Forgotten PandemicThe 1918 Flu Epidemic
Presentation by Robert Martinez Primary Content
Source Wikipedia Spanish Flu. Images as cited.
http//www.fas.org/programs/ssp/bio/_images/fact_s
heet/191820flu-1.jpg
2
http//www.whale.to/b/flumania.jpg
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  • I had a little bird,
  • Its name was Enza,
  • I opened the window,
  • And in-flew-enza.
  • American Skipping Rhyme (circa 1918.)

4
  • The 1918 flu pandemic, commonly referred to as
    the Spanish flu, was an influenza pandemic that
    spread to nearly every part of the world.

http//www.olgp.net/chs/d1/flu2.jpg
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http//www.helenahistory.org/flu_masks_1918_19.jpg
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  • It was caused by an unusually virulent and
    deadly influenza A virus strain called H1N1.
    Historical data is inadequate in identifying the
    geographic origin of the virus.

http//wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thu
mb/0/06/165-WW-269B-11-trolley-l.jpg/180px-165-WW-
269B-11-trolley-l.jpg
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http//www.wwnorton.com/college/history/archive/re
sources/images/ch25_22.gif
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  • Most of its victims were healthy young adults,
    in contrast to most influenza outbreaks which
    predominantly affect juvenile, elderly, or
    otherwise weakened immune-system patients.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileSp-flu-alberta-f
ield.jpg
9
  • The pandemic lasted from March 1918 to June
    1920, spreading even to the Arctic and remote
    Pacific Islands.

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2
/Spanish_flu_death_chart.png
10
  • It is estimated that anywhere from 20 to 100
    million people were killed worldwide. The
    pandemic is estimated to have affected up to one
    billion people, half the worlds population at
    the time.

http//wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thu
mb/4/43/1918_flu_in_Oakland.jpg/180px-1918_flu_in_
Oakland.jpg
11
  • In the United States, the disease was first
    observed at Fort Riley, Kansas on March 4, 1918,
    and in Queens, New York, on March 11, 1918.

http//freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/
7Efamilyhistorypages/The_Spanish_Influenza_files/i
mage008.gif
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  • The Allies of WW I came to call it the Spanish
    flu, primarily because the pandemic received
    greater press attention after it moved from
    France into Spain in November 1918. Spain was
    neutral during WWI, therefore, the press was not
    censured as in other warring countries.

http//www.dmacdigest.com/Images/1918/ambulance3.j
pg
13
  • Modern scientists have used tissue samples
    from frozen victims to reproduce the virus for
    study. Among the conclusions of this research is
    that the virus kills by a overreaction of the
    bodys immune system).

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18Thm.jpg
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s/2008_09_10.jpg
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  • Therefore, the strong immune systems of young
    adults ravaged the body, whereas the weaker
    immune systems of children and middle-aged adults
    caused fewer deaths.

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  • The global mortality rate from the pandemic is
    not known. Influenza may have killed as many as
    25 million in its first 25 weeks ( a fast killer.)

.
http//www.cbc.ca/news/sars/gfx/epidemic1.jpg
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  • This pandemic has been described as the
    greatest medical holocaust in history and may
    have killed more people than the Black Death.

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e003.jpg
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http//kickthemallout.com/images/Photos/1918Flu/fl
u11.jpg
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Approximate Deaths Worldwide Samples
  • India 17 million
  • Japan 390,000
  • U.S. 675,000
  • England 250,000
  • France 400,000
  • Canada 50,000

http//en.wikipedia.org/Flu_epidemic_of_1918
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http//www.wellcome.ac.uk/stellent/groups/corporat
esite/_at_msh_publishing_group/documents/image/wtd028
181.jpg
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  • This huge death toll was caused by an
    extremely high infection rate of up to 50, and
    the extreme severity of the symptoms.

.
http//lass.calumet.purdue.edu/histpoly/bigott/CAL
UMETMUSEUMWEB/1918articles/oct25b.JPG
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  • One of the most striking of the complications
    was hemorrhaging (bleeding) from the mucous
    membranes, especially from the nose, stomach, and
    intestines, ears, and lesions in the skin.

http//www.yannone.org/BlogPics/FluVictim.jpg
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  • Symptoms included a blue tint to the face and
    coughing up blood caused by severe obstruction of
    the lungs.

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sh_flu_1918.jpg
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sh20flu20victims,2020North20River201918.JPG
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  • In some cases, the virus caused uncontrollable
    hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients
    drowned in their own body fluids (pneumonia.)

http//graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2005/08/21/nyr
egion/21pandemic1.583.jpg
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http//4.bp.blogspot.com/_473nrD5vEv8/R9Z1nmU94xI/
AAAAAAAAAVc/1TZEry9zRO0/s400/flu-pandemic.jpg
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  • While WWI did not cause the flu, the close
    troop quarters and massive troop movements
    accelerated the pandemic, increasing transmission.

http//www1.imperial.ac.uk/resources/BCBB9421-6B48
-487A-8808-077A24A0CA9A/
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http//www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/birdflu/imag
es/spanishflu1_sub.jpg
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  • Some researchers speculate that the soldiers
    immune systems were weakened by malnourishment,
    and the stresses of combat and chemical attacks,
    increasing their susceptibility to the disease.

http//static.howstuffworks.com/gif/10-worst-epide
mics-3.jpg
30
  • The virus helped tip the balance of power in
    the war towards the Allied cause. The flu hit the
    Central Powers before it the Allied Powers, and
    the mortality rates in Germany and Austria were
    considerably higher than Britain and France.

http//graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/04/17/sci
ence/flu_4.600.jpg
31
  • An additional factor of the Spanish flu (like
    today) was increased travel. Modern
    transportation systems made it easier for people
    to spread the disease quickly to communities
    worldwide.

http//www.ltmcollection.org/resources/index.html?
IXglossaryFirstWorldWar
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  • The Great Influenza was the source of much
    fear in citizens around the world. Inflaming that
    fear was the fact that world governments and
    health officials were downplaying the situation.

http//www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/images/flue
.jpg
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http//seattletimes.nwsource.com/ABPub/2007/03/16/
2003621769.jpg
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  • While the panic from WWI was dwindling,
    governments attempted to keep morale up by
    spreading lies and downplaying the influenza.

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ence/flu_4.600.jpg
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e1d87b0.jpg
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  • While medical scientists attempted to discover
    a cure or vaccine, there was virtually no
    assistance from world governments. The war in
    Europe had become the 1 priority.

http//www.glenbow.org/exhibitions/online/libpics/
flu1.jpg
37
  • Many historians have called the Spanish flu
    the forgotten pandemic.

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38
http//www.alumni.umn.edu/sites/d2e2f762-6a18-437f
-ad49-168669330020/uploads/flu1.jpg
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  • The majority of deaths, in both WWI and in the
    Spanish Flu epidemic, were young adults. The
    deaths caused by the flu may have been overlooked
    due to the large numbers of deaths in the war.

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nish_flu_new.jpg
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s/2008_09_10.2.jpg
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  • In addition, during this time period, pandemic
    outbreaks were not uncommon typhoid, yellow
    fever, diphtheria, and cholera all occurred near
    the same time period.

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/1/13/Spanish_flu_hospital.png/300px-Spanish_flu_
hospital.png
42
http//www.johnnygoodtimes.com/070117_Spanish_Flu.
jpg
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Notable Epidemic Survivors
Presidents Woodrow Wilson Franklin D. Roosevelt
http//www.answers.com/topic/franklin-d-roosevelt
http//www.answers.com/topic/woodrow-wilson
44
Spanish Flu Survivors
Famed animator Walt Disney
Silent film super-star Mary Pickford
http//www.answers.com/topic/walt-disney
http//www.answers.com/topic/mary-pickford
45
Spanish Flu Survivors
U.S. General John J. Pershing, WWI
Wilhelm II, German Emperor, WWI
http//www.answers.com/topic/john-j-pershing-1
http//www.answers.com/topic/wilhelm-ii-of-germany
46
Notable Flu Survivor
Leo Szilard, Inventor Nuclear Chain Reaction
http//www.answers.com/topic/le-szil-rd-2
47
Swine Flu 2009
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ld/25mexico2_600.jpg
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us-swine-flu-us/images/bb79eda6-71a8-4416-b157-85f
b902009af.jpg
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Swine Flu 2009
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s/1466/slide_1466_20818_large.jpg
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5/passengers-masks-cp-250-661.jpg
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Swine Flu 2009
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lysis/__Story_Inserts/graphics/__HEALTH/flu_outbre
ak3.jpg
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Swine Flu 2009
http//graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2009/04/25/wor
ld/25mexicoA_xl.jpg
http//www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20090426/
med-swine-flu/images/147c4e39-87ba-49d8-ab1e-51e0e
0757865.jpg
51
Texas cancels high school athletics as flu cases
grow to 16
Comal ISD/New Braunfels ISD closing all schools
SWINE FLU 1st Death in US is Child in Texas
All Comal schools closed until May 11
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