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Computer Science and Engineering

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IEEE 1394 Firewire. Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi) Specialty: audio, video ... IEEE 1394 (i. LINK or FireWire) has been chosen as the interconnection medium ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Computer Science and Engineering


1
Intelligent Environments
  • Computer Science and Engineering
  • University of Texas at Arlington

2
Networking for Intelligent Environments
  • Requirements
  • Technologies
  • Networking
  • Service Discovery
  • Network Architecture

3
Intelligent Environments
  • Network Requirements

4
Sensor 1
Sensor 5
Sensor 2
Sensor 6
Sensor 3
Sensor 7
Sensor 4
Sensor 8
5
Network Requirements Sensors
  • Camera (15) 320x240, 8-bit color
  • Motion (15) distance, direction, velocity
  • Temperature (12)
  • Humidity (12)
  • Light (12) frequency, intensity
  • Microphone (12) 8000 Hz
  • Gas (4)
  • Pressure (100)

6
Network Requirements Sensors
7
Other Network Requirements
  • Audio
  • Phones (16 kHz, 8 bit)
  • Radios (44 kHz, 16 bit)
  • TVs (44 kHz, 16 bit)
  • Media players (44 kHz, 16 bit)
  • Monitoring (16 kHz, 8 bit)
  • 2.4 Mbits/sec (one each)
  • Internet, control,
  • Video
  • Phones (30fps, 320x240, 8-bit color)
  • TVs (60 fps, 1024x768, 24-bit color)
  • Video players (60 fps, 1024x768, 24-bit color)
  • Monitoring (30 fps, 320x240, 8-bit color)
  • 6.9 Gbits/sec (one each)

8
Other Network Requirements
9
Network Requirements
  • Worst-case throughput 10 Gbits/sec
  • Maximum throughput 5 Gbits/sec
  • Quality of Service (QoS)
  • Audio, video
  • Plug and play (service discovery)

10
Intelligent Environments
  • Network Technologies

11
Wired Network Technologies
  • Phone line
  • Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HomePNA)
  • Power line
  • X10
  • Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus)
  • HomePlug
  • LonWorks
  • New wire
  • Ethernet (coax, twisted pair, optical fiber)
  • Universal Serial Bus (USB)
  • IEEE 1394 Firewire
  • Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi)
  • Specialty audio, video

12
Wireless Network Technologies
  • Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
    (DECT)
  • HomeRF
  • Bluetooth
  • IEEE 802.11
  • HiperLAN2
  • Infrared

13
Phoneline Networking
  • Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HomePNA)
  • www.homepna.org
  • IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet)
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
    Detect (CSMA/CD)
  • 10 Mbps (HPNA 2.0)
  • Length 500 feet

14
HomePNA Packet
15
HomePNA Frequencies
  • Standard voice (POTS) 20Hz - 3.4kHz
  • UADSL 25kHz - 1.1MHz
  • Home network 5.5MHz - 9.5MHz

16
Phoneline Network Issues
  • Random wiring topologies signal attenuation
  • Home phoneline wiring system is a random tree
    topology
  • Simply plugging in the phone or disconnecting the
    fax changes the tree
  • This topology can cause signal attenuation
  • Signal noise
  • Appliances, heaters, air conditioners, consumer
    appliances telephones can introduce signal
    noise onto the phone wires

17
Powerline Networking
  • Ubiquity of power lines
  • 10 Mbps
  • Technologies
  • X10
  • Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus)
  • HomePlug
  • LonWorks

18
X10
  • X10 controllers send signals over existing AC
    wiring to receiver modules
  • X10 technology transmits binary data using the
    Amplitude Modulation (AM) technique
  • www.x10.com

19
X10
  • To differentiate the data symbols, the carrier
    uses the zero-voltage crossing point of the 60Hz
    AC sine wave on the cycles positive or negative
    transition
  • Synchronized receivers accept the carrier at each
    zero-crossing point
  • X10 uses two zero crossings to transmit a binary
    digit so as to reduce errors

20
X10
  • Every bit requires a full 60 Hertz cycle and thus
    the X10 transmission rate is limited to only 60
    bps
  • Usually a complete X10 command consists of two
    packets with a 3 cycle gap between each packet
  • Each packet contains two identical messages of 11
    bits (or 11 cycles) each
  • A complete X-10 command consumes 47 cycles that
    yields a transmission time of about 0.8s

21
Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus)
  • Open standard providing separate physical layer
    specification for communication on power lines
    and other media
  • Electronic Industries Association (EIA-600)
  • www.cebus.org
  • Data packets are transmitted by the transceiver
    at about 10 Kbps
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect
    (CSMA/CD)
  • Employing spread spectrum technology (100Hz-400
    Hz)

22
OSI and CEBus (EIA-600)
23
Spread Spectrum Modulation
  • Frequency spectrum of a data-signal is spread
    using a code uncorrelated with that signal
  • Sacrifices bandwidth to gain signal-to-noise
    performance

24
HomePlug
  • HomePlug Powerline Alliance
  • www.homeplug.org
  • Spread-spectrum technology

25
HomePlug
  • Speed
  • Support file transfers at 10BaseT-like rates
  • Either node-to-node file transfer or scenarios
    with multiple nodes performing simultaneous file
    transfers
  • HomePlug 1.0 (14 Mbps)
  • Voice over IP (VoIP)
  • Maintain adequate QoS while supporting multiple,
    simultaneous VoIP calls while other nodes are
    transferring files and during multiple media
    streams

26
HomePlug
  • Interoperability
  • Interoperate with other networking technologies
  • Co-exist with existing powerline networking
    technologies such as X-10, CEBus and LonWorks
  • Security
  • Contain strong privacy features
  • Support multiple logical networks on a single
    physical medium
  • Be applicable to markets in North America, Europe
    and Asia

27
LonWorks
  • Local Operation Networks (LonWorks)
  • Developed by Echelon Corporation
  • www.echelon.com
  • Provides a peer-to-peer communication protocol,
    implementing Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
    techniques
  • 1.25 Mbps
  • Works for other wired and wireless media

28
LonWorks
  • A common message-based communications protocol
  • LonTalk protocol implements all seven layers of
    the OSI model using a mixture of hardware and
    firmware on a silicon chip
  • Protocol can be run as fast as 20 MHz

29
Powerline Network Issues
  • Noise
  • Switching power supplies
  • Wound motors
  • Vacuum cleaners, kitchen appliances, drills
  • Dimmers
  • Security
  • Signal attenuation

30
New Wire Networking
  • Ethernet (coax, twisted pair, optical fiber)
  • Universal Serial Bus (USB)
  • IEEE 1394 Firewire
  • Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi)
  • Specialty audio, video

31
Ethernet
  • IEEE 802.3
  • CSMA/CD
  • Up to 1 Gbps
  • IEEE 802.3ae
  • 10GBase-X, 10 Gps
  • Lengths up to 40 km
  • www.ethermanage.com/ethernet

32
IEEE 802.3
33
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
  • www.usb.org
  • 480 Mbps
  • Plug and Play
  • Hot pluggable
  • Up to 127 devices simultaneously
  • Powered bus
  • 5m maximum cable length

34
IEEE 1394 Firewire (i.LINK)
  • Digital interface
  • No need to convert digital data into analog and
    tolerate a loss of data integrity
  • Transferring data _at_ 100, 200, 400 Mbps
  • Physically small
  • The thin serial cable can replace larger and more
    expensive interfaces

35
IEEE 1394 Firewire
  • No need for terminators or device IDs
  • Hot pluggable
  • Users can add or remove 1394 devices with the bus
    active
  • Scaleable architecture
  • May mix 100, 200, and 400 Mbps devices on a bus

36
IEEE 1394 Firewire
  • It can connect up to 63 devices _at_ transfer rate
    of 400Mbps
  • Up to 16 nodes can be daisy- chained through the
    connectors
  • Standard cables up to 4.5 m in length for a total
    standard cable length of 72 m

37
IEEE 1394 Firewire
  • Flexible topology
  • Support of daisy chaining and branching for true
    peer-to-peer communication
  • Non-proprietary

38
IEEE 1394b
  • 1394b is a significant enhancement to the basic
    1394 specification that enables
  • Speed increases to 3.2 Gbps
  • Distances of 100 meters on UTP-5, plastic optical
    fiber and glass optical fiber
  • Significantly reduces latency times by using
    arbitration
  • Fully backwards compatible with the current 1394
    and 1394a specifications

39
Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi)
  • HAVi is a digital Audio Video networking
    initiative that provides a home networking
    software specification
  • Seamless interoperability among home
    entertainment products
  • Designed to meet the particular demands of
    digital audio and video
  • www.havi.org

40
HAVi
  • Defines operating-system-neutral middleware that
    manages
  • Multi-directional AV streams
  • Event schedule
  • Registries
  • Takes advantage of chips built into modern audio
    and video appliances
  • Provides the management function of a dedicated
    audio-video networking system
  • IEEE 1394 (i. LINK or FireWire) has been chosen
    as the interconnection medium

41
Specialty Wiring
  • Audio
  • Coax
  • RCA
  • Speaker wire
  • Video
  • Coax
  • RCA
  • VGA
  • 100m maximum cable lengths

42
Intelligent Environments
  • Wireless Networking Technologies

43
Wireless Network Technologies
  • Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
    (DECT)
  • HomeRF
  • Bluetooth
  • IEEE 802.11
  • HiperLAN2
  • Infrared

44
General Wireless
  • Narrow band
  • Spread spectrum
  • Direct Sequence (DSSS)
  • Frequency Hopping (FHSS)
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

45
DECT
  • Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
    (DECT)
  • www.dectweb.com
  • Digital radio technology
  • Dynamic channel selection
  • Encryption, authentication, identification
  • 500 Kbps 2 Mbps
  • Cordless phones

46
HomeRF
  • www.homerf.org
  • Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP)
  • IEEE 802.11 for data
  • DECT for voice

47
HomeRF
  • Specifications
  • 2.4 GHz band
  • FHSS
  • 1.6 Mbps (10 Mbps with SWAP 2.0)
  • 50m range
  • 127 nodes

48
Bluetooth
  • www.bluetooth.com
  • Ericsson, the principal inventor, borrowed the
    name from Harald Bluetooth (son of Gorm)
  • The King of Denmark circa 900AD
  • United Denmark and Norway

49
Bluetooth
  • Specifications
  • 2.4 GHz
  • FHSS (79 channels)
  • 1600 hops per second
  • Error correction
  • 1 Mbps capacity, 780 Kbps throughput
  • 10m distance
  • Low power (1 mW)

50
Bluetooth
  • Personal Area Networks (PANs)
  • Piconet
  • Collection of up to 8 devices using same hopping
    sequence
  • Scatternet
  • Collection of piconets, each with different
    hopping sequence

51
IEEE 802.11
Data rate degrades with distance.
52
HiperLAN2
  • www.hiperlan2.com
  • 5 GHz
  • 54 Mbps
  • OFDM
  • Automatic frequency allocation
  • TDMA/TDD (Time Division)
  • QoS support

53
Infrared
  • www.irda.org
  • Directed line of sight
  • 1m range
  • Diffuse reflective
  • Limited to room size
  • Speed
  • 4 Mbps available
  • 16 Mbps coming
  • 50 Mbps possible

54
Wireless Networking
55
Wireless Issues
  • Distance
  • 2.4 GHz interference
  • Microwave ovens
  • Cordless phones
  • Security
  • Not a backbone solution

56
Intelligent Environments
  • Service Discovery

57
Service Discovery
  • Self-configuring devices
  • Device becomes aware of network, network services
    and other devices
  • Automatic, as opposed to manual (e.g., DHCP, DNS,
    LDAP)
  • Several incompatible protocols

58
Service Discovery Protocols
  • Salutation
  • Service Location Protocol (SLP)
  • Jini
  • Universal Plug and Play
  • Zero-Configuration Networking

59
Salutation
  • www.salutation.org
  • Architecture for looking up, discovering and
    accessing services and information

60
Salutation
  • Abstractions for devices, applications, and
    services
  • Current definitions
  • Printers
  • Fax machines
  • Document storage devices
  • Address book
  • Schedule
  • Voice message answer, send, storage
  • More coming (e.g., display, OS)

61
Salutation
  • Capabilities exchange protocol
  • Service request protocol
  • Personalities (standardized protocols for
    common services)
  • APIs for information access and session management

62
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
  • Developed by Internet Engineering Task Force
    (IETF)
  • Applies existing Internet standards to service
    discovery problem
  • www.srvloc.org
  • www.openslp.org

63
SLP Agents
  • User Agent (UA)
  • The SLP User Agent is a software entity that is
    looking for the location of one or more services.
  • Service Agent (SA)
  • The SLP Service Agent is a software entity that
    provides the location of one or more services.
  • Directory Agent(DA)
  • The SLP Directory Agent is a software entity that
    acts as a centralized repository for service
    location information.

64
SLP Messages
  • Service Request (SrvRqst)
  • Message sent by UAs to SAs and DAs to request the
    location of a service.
  • Service Reply (SrvRply)
  • Message sent by SAs and DAs in reply to a
    SrvRqst.  The SrvRply contains the URL of the
    requested service.

65
SLP Messages (cont.)
  • Service Registration (SrvReg)
  • Message sent by SAs to DAs containing information
    about a service that is available.
  • Service Deregister (SrvDeReg)
  • Message sent by SAs to inform DAs that a service
    is no longer available.
  • Service Acknowledge (SrvAck)
  • A generic acknowledgment that is sent by DAs to
    SAs as a reply to SrvReg and SrcDeReg messages.

66
SLP Messages (cont.)
  • Attribute Request (AttrRqst)
  • Message sent by UAs to request the attributes of
    a service.
  • Attribute Reply (AttrRply)
  • Message sent by SAs and DAs in reply to a
    AttrRqst.  The AttrRply contains the list of
    attributes that were requested.

67
SLP Messages (cont.)
  • Service Type Request (SrvTypeRqst)
  • Message sent by UAs to SAs and DAs requesting the
    types of services that are available.
  • Service Type Reply (SrvTypeRply)
  • Message by SAs and DAs in reply to a
    SrvTypeRqst.  The SrvTypeRply contains a list of
    requested service types.

68
SLP Messages (cont.)
  • DA Advertisement (DAAdvert)
  • Message sent by DAs to let SAs and UAs know where
    they are.
  • SA Advertisement (SAAdvert)
  • Message sent by SAs to let UAs know where they
    are.
  • Unicast or multicast messaging

69
SLP Template Example
template-typeNet-Transducer
template-version0.0 template-description
This is an abstract service type. The purpose of
the Net- Transducer service type is to
organize into a single category all network
enabled Transducers which have certain
properties. template-url-syntax url-path
Depends on the concrete service type.
See these templates. sample-units
string L The units of sample that the
Transducer provides, for instance C (degrees
Celsius), V (Volts), kg (Kilograms), etc.
sample-resolution string L The resolution of
the Transducer. For instance, 10-3 means
that the Transducer has resolution to 0.001
unit. sample-rate integer L The speed at
which samples are obtained per second. For
instance 1000 means that one sample is obtained
every millisecond.
70
SLP Template Example
template-typeserviceNet-TransducerThermometer
template-version0.0 template-description
The Thermometer is a Net-Transducer capable
of reading temperature. The data is read by
opening a TCP connection to one of the ports
in the service URL and reading an ASCII string
until an NULL character is encountered. The
client may continue reading data at no faster
than the sample-rate, or close the connection.
template-url-syntax url-path "ports"
ports-list port-list port / port ","
ports port 1DIGIT
See the Service URL ltportgt production rule.
These are the ports
connections can be made on. location-descriptio
nstring The location where the Thermometer
is located. operatorstring O The operator
to contact to have the Thermometer serviced.
71
Jini
  • Service discovery for networks of Java-enabled
    devices
  • www.sun.com/jini
  • www.jini.org

72
Jini
73
Jini
  • Services
  • Lookup
  • Communications
  • Java-RMI, CORBA,
  • Security
  • Leasing
  • Events

74
Universal Plug and Play
  • Microsofts service discovery approach
  • IP-based discovery protocols
  • XML
  • www.upnp.org
  • Examples

75
Universal Plug and Play
  • Devices
  • Containers for services
  • XML description
  • Services
  • Actions (i.e., methods)
  • Control server
  • Event server
  • State (i.e., variables)
  • XML description

76
Universal Plug and Play
  • Control points
  • Retrieve the device description and get a list of
    associated services.
  • Retrieve service descriptions for interesting
    services.
  • Invoke actions to control the service.
  • Subscribe to the services event source. Anytime
    the state of the service changes, the event
    server will send an event to the control point.

77
(No Transcript)
78
UPnP Interoperability
79
UPnP Protocols
  • Protocols
  • UDP, TCP/IP, HTTP, XML
  • Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP)
  • Generic Event Notification Architecture (GENA)
  • Send/receive event notifications using HTTP over
    TCP/IP and multicast UDP
  • Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
  • XML and HTTP for remote procedure calls

80
UPnP Protocol Stack
81
Zero-Configuration Networking
  • Zeroconf (www.zeroconf.org)
  • IETF standard
  • Objectives
  • Allocate addresses without a DHCP server
  • Translate between names and IP addresses without
    a DNS server
  • Find services, like printers, without a directory
    server
  • Allocate IP Multicast addresses without a MADCAP
    server
  • Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation
    Protocol

82
Zeroconf Protocols
  • Address autoconfiguration
  • Configure interfaces with unique addresses
  • Determine which subnet mask to use
  • Detect duplicate address assignment
  • Cope with collisions
  • Name-to-address translation
  • Multicast DNS
  • Decentralized

83
Zeroconf Protocols
  • Service discovery
  • Service Location Protocol (SLP)
  • DNS Service Resource Record
  • Use expanded DNS for service requests
  • Multicast address allocation
  • Zeroconf Multicast Address Allocation Protocol
    (ZMAAP)
  • Allocate unique addresses and maintain them over
    time
  • Prevent reallocation of assigned addresses
  • Be notified of multicast allocation collision

84
Intelligent Environments
  • Network Architecture

85
Network Architecture
  • Networking
  • Phoneline, powerline
  • New wire
  • Wireless
  • Service discovery
  • SLP, Jini, UPnP, Salutation, zeroconf
  • Communication
  • CORBA, Java-RMI, DCOM

86
Network Architecture
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