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Lipids: Fats & Oils

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Lipids: Fats & Oils Lipids Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group fats phospholipids steroids Do not form polymers big molecules ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Lipids: Fats & Oils


1
Lipids Fats Oils
2
  • Lipids

energy storage
3
Lipids
  • Lipids are composed of C, H, O
  • long hydrocarbon chain
  • Diverse group
  • fats
  • phospholipids
  • steroids
  • Do not form polymers
  • big molecules made of smaller subunits
  • not a continuing chain

fat
4
Fat subunits
  • Structure
  • glycerol (3C alcohol) fatty acid
  • fatty acid long HC tail with COOH group at
    head

dehydration synthesis
5
Building Fats
  • Triacylglycerol
  • 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
  • ester linkage between OH COOH

6
Dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
7
Fats store energy
Why do humanslike fatty foods?
  • Long HC chain
  • polar or non-polar?
  • hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
  • Function
  • energy storage
  • very rich
  • 2x carbohydrates
  • cushion organs
  • insulates body
  • think whale blubber!

8
Saturated fats
  • All C bonded to H
  • No CC double bonds
  • long, straight chain
  • most animal fats
  • solid at room temp.
  • contributes to cardiovascular disease
    (atherosclerosis) plaque deposits

9
Unsaturated fats
  • CC double bonds in the fatty acids
  • plant fish fats
  • vegetable oils
  • liquid at room temperature
  • the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the
    molecules from packing tightly together

mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?
10
Saturated vs. unsaturated
saturated
unsaturated
?
11
Phospholipids
  • Structure
  • glycerol 2 fatty acids PO4
  • PO4 negatively charged

Its just like apenguin A head at one end a
tail at the other!
12
Phospholipids
  • Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
  • fatty acid tails hydrophobic
  • PO4 hydrophilic head
  • dual personality

It likes water also pushes it away!
interaction with H2O is complex very important!
13
Phospholipids in water
  • Hydrophilic heads attracted to H2O
  • Hydrophobic tails hide from H2O
  • can self-assemble into bubbles
  • bubble micelle
  • can also form bilayer
  • early evolutionary stage of cell?

bilayer
14
Why is this important?
  • Phospholipids create a barrier in water
  • define outside vs. inside
  • cell membranes

15
Phospholipids cells
  • Phospholipids of cell membrane
  • double layer bilayer
  • hydrophilic heads on outside
  • in contact with aqueous solution outside of cell
    and inside of cell
  • hydrophobic tails on inside
  • form core
  • forms barrier between cell external environment

Tell themabout soap!
16
Steroids
  • ex cholesterol, sex hormones
  • 4 fused C rings
  • different steroids created by attaching different
    functional groups to rings

cholesterol
17
Cholesterol
  • Important cell component
  • animal cell membranes
  • precursor of all other steroids
  • including vertebrate sex hormones
  • high levels in blood may contribute to
    cardiovascular disease

18
Cholesterol
Important component of cell membrane
  • helps keep cell membranes fluid flexible

19
From Cholesterol ? Sex Hormones
  • What a big difference a few atoms can make!

20
  • Lets build some
  • Lipids!
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