Fossil Fuels - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Fossil Fuels

Description:

Fossil Fuels Formation and Distribution Fossil Fuels Coal Oil (Petroleum) Natural Gas Formation of Fossil Fuels common conditions High Organic Production Burial ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:6318
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 17
Provided by: employees8
Category:
Tags: fossil | fuels

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Fossil Fuels


1
Fossil Fuels
  • Formation and Distribution

2
Fossil Fuels
  • Coal
  • Oil (Petroleum)
  • Natural Gas

3
Formation of Fossil Fuels common conditions
  • High Organic Production
  • Burial of organic material
  • Reducing conditions little or no free oxygen
  • Reducing conditions preserve organic matter
  • Coal and Petroleum diverge from here

4
Formation of Coal
  • Accumulation of land plant material
  • Reducing conditions coastal and inland swamps

5
Formation of Coal
  • Organic accumulation is greater than destruction
    (because of reducing conditions)
  • Organic matter builds up to form peat

6
Formation of Coal
  • Peat is compressed to form lignite brown coal
  • Lignite is compressed and volatile compounds are
    lost to form bituminous coal soft coal
  • Bituminous coal is further compressed and heated
    to form anthracite hard coal

7
Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas
  • Accumulation of organic material typically
    marine mud
  • Burial and preservation of organic material
    reducing conditions
  • Reducing conditions in deep sea or on continental
    shelves during times of unusual oceanic
    circulation

8
Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas
  • Black, organic-rich mud is buried deeper and
    converted to rock shale
  • With burial, the organic matter is heated
  • When heat is sufficient (but not too great) in
    the range of 100-300 degrees C the organic
    matter is cooked and oil forms
  • Process is called thermal maturation

9
Formation of Petroleum and Natural Gas
  • If heat is greater than 300 degrees C, the liquid
    petroleum is further broken down to form natural
    gas
  • If heat is too great, even the natural gas is
    broken down to form carbon dioxide, which has no
    value as a fuel

10
Migration and Concentration
  • Petroleum must leave source rock
  • Process is called migration
  • Migration is essential because most source rocks
    are too fine-grained to enable easy extraction of
    the oil
  • To be economically concentrated, petroleum must
    migrate to a reservoir rock with a trap

11
Examples of Petroleum Traps
12
Petroleum Resources
  • Conditions for source rock are rare
  • Conditions for maturation must be just right
  • Migration must not let petroleum escape to
    surface
  • Reservoir rock must be present
  • Trap must exist before migration occurs

13
Where did the U.S. Petroleum Industry begin?
  • Right here in New York!
  • First gas well Fredonia, New York

14
Distribution of Petroleum
  • Economic accumulations of petroleum only occur
    when all of these conditions are met
  • These conditions and the sequence of occurrence
    do not occur everywhere
  • Conditions are most likely where there are thick
    accumulations of sedimentary rock in
    sedimentary basins

15
Some of the worlds most productive sedimentary
basins
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Kuwait
  • Alaska north slope
  • Texas Louisiana Gulf Coast
  • Iraq and Iran
  • Mexico
  • Venezuela

16
Refining of Petroleum
  • Heat and/or chemical treatment to produce
  • Gasoline
  • Diesel Fuel
  • Kerosene
  • Liquified Propane (LPG)
  • Petroleum bases for plastics
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com