Ocean Renewable Energy: Overview & Progress

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Ocean Renewable Energy Overview Progress

• Moo-Hyun Kim
• Professor
• Ocean Engineering Program
• Dept. of Civil Engineering
• Texas AM University

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Fossil Fuels

• US oil consumption 25
• US oil production 3
• More than 70 oil imported
• Energy Independence 1 Economy, Security

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Ocean Renewable Energy

• Wave
• Wind
• Current
• Tide
• OTEC
• Salinity (Osmotic Pressure)

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Ex. Relative Cost (cents/kwh)
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Wave tidal power distribution
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Man-made Tidal Energy Plant
France La Rance dam and typical turbine/generator
configuration environmental concern
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Natural Tidal-Current Energy

• Promising West Coast Sites

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Natural Current Power Korea
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Wave Enegy Resource
2TW of energy, the equivalent of twice the
worlds electricity production, could be
harvested from the worlds oceans
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Wave Energy Conversion
Floating Attenuator
Fixed Oscillating Water Column
Floating Point Absorber
Floating Overtopping
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Land-based OWC

• Oscillating Water Column

Islay, Scotland
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Wind Energy
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2007 Wind Energy Use

• Worldwide Wind Total74 GW
• Less than 1 of the global electricity use
• Rapidly Growing Green-Wind Industry
• Annual Growth Rate 25

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Winner of 2006 US, Ger, India, Spain
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Texas Wind Energy Projection
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Wind Energy Pros Cons

• Pros
• Endless/renewable
• No CO2 Emission
• No Land Space (Offshore)
• No cooling, No pollution, No waste
• Cons
• Noise, Shade, Unsightly, Birds
• Survive? Severe Environment (Offshore)

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• Wind-Energy Turbine

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Feasibility/Economy grows with blade size
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What 500-MW Wind-E Farm Can Do!

• Provide clean energy for 160K homes
• Eliminating (per year)
• 60-mil lb of CO2 (leading green-house gas)
• 130K lb of NOx (main comp. of smog)
• 300K lb of Sulfur Dioxide (leading precursor of
  acid rain)

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Why Offshore Wind-Farm? Future

• Stronger-steadier quality wind (20-30 better
  wind, 30-40 more cost)
• More space
• Easier regulatory approval
• Less noise constraint (operable at higher speed)
• No visual pollution

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Offshore Wind Energy stronger-steadier

• REpower - Scotland
  Norskhydro - Norway
• Fixed (tower) 44m depth
  Floating (spar) gt200m
• 5mw
  3mw demo unit underway
• 126m rotor diameter
  90m rotor diameter

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Various Types of Floating WF
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Status of Offshore Wind
Current
Future - 2010

• Offshore 900 MW of 75,000 MW world-wide less
  than 2
• 11,000 MW offshore is projected for 2010

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Wind Energy Cost Trends
1981 40 cents/kWh

• Increased Turbine Size
• RD Advances
• Manufacturing Improvements

2007 9-12 cents/kWh

• Multi-megawatt Turbines
• High reliability systems
• Infrastructure Improvements

Land-based Class 4
Offshore Class 6
2007 5 - 9 cents/kWh 2012 3.6 cents/kWh?
2014 5 cents/kWh
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KEY Synergy Storage 3 times more valuable if
provided on demand
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Synergy with Fish Farm
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Structural Failure!
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Floating Wind-F Dynamic/Fatigue Failure

• Rotor dynamics and control
• Platform motions and mooring dynamics

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Questions?
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