OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes: Their benefits for global food security

1
Aquatic Animal Health Management in Vietnam and
Strategy for 5-years Development
Nguyen Cong Dan and Le Van Khoa
Department of Animal Health, Vietnam

• OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health
  Programmes Their benefits for global food
  security
• Panama City, Panama 28-30 June 2011

2
Contents

• Vietnam aquaculture
• General introduction
• Government support
• Aquatic Animal Health Management
• Structure of veterinary services
• Aquatic animal health system
• Structure
• Important and emerging diseases
• Strategy for 5 years development of aquatic
  animal health (2011-2015)
• management system
• human capacities and technical authority
• national cooperation and
• international co operations and private sector
  involvements

3
1. Overview of Vietnam aquaculture
4

• South-East Asian borders to China, Laos and
  Cambodia.
• Total area 330,000 km2
• Population 85.79 million (2009)
• Agro-ecological regions.
• 63 provinces and cities.
• Warm and humid climate

5
Natural Resources of Vietnam
Land area 330,000 km2
Coastline 3,260 km
EEZ 1,000,000 km2
Climate North 9-39?C, South 20-35?C
Rainfall 2,200 mm/yr
Mekong River, Red River and many smaller rivers Mekong River, Red River and many smaller rivers
6
Natural Resources for Aquaculture
Ponds 160,000 ha.
Lakes and reservoirs 340,000 ha
Rice fields 580,000 ha.
Coastal zone mangrove, bays, lagoons, inter-tidal area 700,000 ha.
Rivers and canals Thousands km long Rivers and canals Thousands km long
7
Red River Delta

Mekong River Delta
8
Family fish pond
9

Rice fields 580,000 ha
10
Lakes and reservoirs 340,000 ha
11
Floating cages on river
12
Rivers and canals 1,000s km long
13
Coastal zone mangroves, bays, lagoons,
inter-tidal areas 700,000 ha.
14
Intensive shrimp pond
15
Model marine cage-culture
16
Aquaculture Area Distribution (2010)
9.4
Mekong River Delta Red
River Delta Remaining Area
19.2
71.4
17

• Aquatic Species Biodiversity
• 2,030 species of endemic fish
• 1,600 species of endemic crustaceans
• 2,500 species of endemic shellfish
• many seaweed species
• 165 species of commercial importance
• 71 fresh water, 49 brackish water, 45 marine
• Major export species
• Aquaculture Black tiger shrimp (P. monodon),
  white leg shrimp (L. vannamei), Mekong catfish
  (Pangasius), lobsters, tilapia.
• Capture tuna, makeral, sardin and some others

18
Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries Production

• Year Aquaculture Capture
  (tons) (tons)
• 1999 480,800 1,526,000
• 2000 589,600 1,660,900
• 2001 709,900 1,724,800
• 2002 844,800 1,802,600
• 2003 1,003,100 1,856,100
• 2004 1,202,500 1,940,000
• 2005 1,478,000 1,987,000
• 2006 1,694,000 2,001,700
• 2007 1,950,000 2,020,000
• 2008 2,280,000 2,050,000
• 2010 2,800,000 2,100,000

19
Aquaculture Fish and Shrimp Production

• Year Fish Shrimp
• (tons) (tons)
• 1999 336,000 57,500
• 2000 391,100 93,500
• 2001 421,000 154,900
• 2002 486,400 186,200
• 2003 604,400 237,900
• 2004 761,600 281,800
• 2005 971,200 327,200
• 2006 1,148,000
  354,600
• 2007 1,575,000 375,000
• 2008 1,893,000 387,000
• 2010 2,375,000 425,000

20
Shrimp and Fish Production Distribution (2010)
15
15
3

Mekong River Delta Red River Delta
Remaining Area
18
67
82
Shrimp
Fish
21
Contribution of Fisheries

• Export value (2010) US 5.02 billions
• Shrimps US 2.1 billions
• Mekong river catfish (Pangasius) US 2.02
  billions
• Others US 0.9 billions
• Contribution to GDP (2010) 4
• Job generation 4.5 millions
• Fisheries supplies 40 of animal protein in
  Vietnamese food
• Fish consumption est. 15 kg/capita (highest
  60kg/capita in coastal regions)

22
Government Support for Fisheries

• Law of Fisheries
• Aquaculture area planning
• Feed and chemicals used in aquaculture
• Rights and responsibilities of aquaculture
  individuals/groups
• Ordinal of Veterinary
• develop to animal health law (in process to
  submit to National Assembly in 2012)
• Terrestrial animals
• Aquatic Animals to be included
• National Aquaculture Development Programme 224
• for period 1999 2010
• National Fisheries Development Plan 2011 2020
• National Fisheries Biotechnology Programme 2007
  2015

23
2. Aquatic Animal Health Management
24
Structure of Veterinary Services
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTH Functional
Divisions - Personnel and Administration -
Epidemiology (Terrestrial) - Aquatic Animal
Health - Inspection Quarantine - Drug Vaccine
Management - Legislation Inspection - Plan
(Inter. Cooperation Sciences) - Finance
Veterinary Drug and Vaccine Company
National Institute of Veterinary Research
5 Professional Centers ?The National Center for
Vet. Diagnosis ? The National Centers for Quality
control of Vet. Drugs No. 1, 2 ? The National
Centers for Vet. Hygiene Inspection No.1, 2
7 Regional Animal Health Offices (RAHOs)
Provincial Sub-Departments of Animal Health
Regional Sub Departments of Animal Quarantine and
Inspection in Lang Son, Lao Cai and Quang Ninh
District Veterinary Stations
Domestic Inspection Stations
Communal Veterinary Team
25
Structure of Aquatic Animal Health
Since Jan. 2008
Before Jan. 2008
Ministry of Agriculture Rural Development
(MARD)
Ministry of Fisheries (MoFi)
NAFIQAVED
Department of Animal Health
NAFIQAD
Directorate of Fisheries
6 regional offices 57 provincial offices
7 regional offices
6 regional offices
ALL seed, feeds, drugs, chemicals and fertilizers
used in aquaculture MANAGED by NAFIQAVED
Provincial level (Setting-up)
63 provincial sub-DAH
Provincial level Under development
District Unit Commune unit or veterinarians
26
Structure of Aquatic Animal Health
Decision 1427 by MARD (JUNE 2009)
Ministry of Agriculture Rural Development
(MARD)
Department of Animal Health
NAFIQAD
Directorate of Fisheries
Quality of fish seeds, feeds and fertilizers
Quality of EXPORTED aquatic products for human
consumption

Aquatic animal epidemiology and
Surveillance Quarantine and inspection of live
aquatic animals (import-export-domestic) and
IMPORT aquatics animal products (except for human
consumption) Drugs, chemicals, probiotics Hygienic
practices in aquaculture
27
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• White Spot Disease
• Area affected accounts app. 10-20 (80,000 ha.)
• Taura Syndrome (TS)
• No outbreak reported
• Positive cases and mortality found
• Yellow Head Disease (YHD)
• No outbreak reported
• Positive cases and mortality found
• Monodon Baculovirus (MBV)
• Cause slow growth
• Positive found 10-15 in seed populations
• Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN)
• First reported in 2009, No outbreaks reported
• Recently found positive cases from imported white
  shrimp broodstocks

28
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• Milky Lobster Disease
• First found in 2007, mortality accounted 80
  100
• Species affected Spiny lobsters (Panulirus
  ornatus and P. homarus)
• Causative pathogen Rickettsia-like bacteria

29
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• Enteric Septicaemia of Vietnamese Catfish
• Species affected Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
• Causative agent Edwardsiella ictaluri

30
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• Red Spot Disease of Carps
• Species affected grass carp, black carp, common
  carp, Indian carps,
• Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophilla

31
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• Streptococosis in Tilapia
• First outbreak reported in August 2009 in
  northern provinces of Vietnam, losses up to 90
  in the affected areas

32
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• Viral nervous necrosis (VNN)
• - most serious marine disease in
  cage-culture/hatcheries, mortality up to 90 in
  fingerlings

33
Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture

• Vibriosis in Cobia and other marine species
  (grouper, red drum,)

34
Emerging diseases

• Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome
• First found in April 2011 in Mekong delta
• Mortality average 65 (90 in intensive cultured
  systems, most heavy losses in Soc Trang province)
• Affected species both P. monodon and L. vannamei
• Unknown pathogen (to date)
• Clinical signs
• Findings

35
Emerging diseases

• Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome
• Clinical signs
• In early stages of the mortality, clinical signs
  were almost not clear.
• P. monodon died at the age of 20-30 days post
  stocking (35-45 days age),
• while white leg shrimp L. vannamei died at the
  age of 30-35 days (45-50 days age).
• slow growth rate,
• loose shells,
• and discoloration,
• swelled and soften liver,
• atrophied hepatopancreas,
• occasionally black spots in the necrosis
  hepatopancreas

36
Emerging diseases

• Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome Findings
  (Prof. Dr. Don Lightner)
• Histology
• No lesions diagnostic of infection by the
  Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria G. HP-B)
  or by microsporidians, were detected.
• The main pathologies found within these
  hepatopancreas tissues are suggestive of a toxic
  syndrome.
• The toxin responsible could possibly come from
  the environment (water, feed, etc.) or from some
  type of bacteria.
• PCR
• ALL submitted samples negative with
• NHP,
• Spiroplasma penaei,
• Microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei

37
Other diseases/pathogens of importance

• Diseases of coldwater fishes due to importation
  of fertilized eggs of rainbow trout and sturgeon
  from EU countries for incubation and aquaculture.
• Diseases of mollusks less research investment
• Diseases of ornamental fish less research
  investment
• Fishborn Zoonotic Parasites Metaceacaria stages
  of liver fluke in fish
• Diseases of Amphibians Chytrid fungus?
• Diseases of wild aquatic animals no investment
  (so far)

38
3. Strategy for Development of Aquatic Animal
Health 5 years (2011 to 2015)
39
National strategy for five years development of
aquatic animal health (2011 to 2015)

• 1) to build up management system of aquatic
  animal health
• 2) to improve human capacities and technical
  authority
• 3) to strengthen national cooperation and
• 4) to strengthen international co operations and
  private sector involvements

40
National strategy

• 1) to build up management system of aquatic
  animal health
• Fully operation from central government to
  localities
• Legislations and regulations
• Sufficient man-power for management
• Sufficient infrastructures
• Investment on
• Development and application of the eradication
  programmes for important diseases of aquatic
  species
• Strengthen of aquatic animal disease surveillance
  system base on OIE guidelines
• Application of GMP in veterinary drugs production
• Strengthen quarantine and inspection of fish and
  fisheries products import/export based on OIE
  guideline on aquatic animal health code

41
National strategy

• 2) to improve human capacities and technical
  authority and capability on
• Epidemiology and surveillance,
• disease reporting
• risk analysis,
• laboratory diagnosis,
• disease control and warning
• quarantine and inspection and
• drug management.

42
National strategy

• 3) to strengthen national cooperation between DAH
  with
• National Agro Forestry Fisheries Quality
  Assurance Department (NAFIQAD)
• Directorate of Fisheries
• Research Institutes for Aquaculture No.1, 2 and 3
  (RIA.1,23)
• Can Tho University
• Nong Lam University, Nha Trang University
• Fisheries colleges
• Private sectors VASEP, VINAFIS,

43
National strategy

• 4) to strengthen international cooperation
• OIE
• Disease reporting
• Reference laboratories diagnostic assistance,
  supports and consultancies trainings and
  education calibration programmes and finding
  new diseases/problems
• FAO/NACA
• Consultancies, Trainings and education, finding
  new diseases
• Assisting for financial support to strentheng
  aquatic animal health system and application of
  OIE standards
• WCS (Wild Animal Conservation Society)
• CITES
• CODEX
• WTO/SPS
• Privates and Associations

44
Thank you very much