- Abnormal Psychology - - Eating Disorders -

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- Abnormal Psychology -- Eating Disorders -

• - Thomas Fast-Sittler - -
• HSP - 3MI

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Before we begin

• Key terms
• Binge eating To eat uncontrollably a (seemingly)
  large amount of food
• Purge To remove recently eaten food, either
  through vomiting or laxatives
• To cleanse or remove
• Nervosa

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Stats

• According to a 2002 survey, 1.5 of Canadian
  women aged 15 24 years had an eating disorder
• FemaleMale 81
• Children learn (unhealthy) mainstream attitudes
  towards food and weight at a very young age. In a
  study of five-year-old girls, a significant
  proportion of girls associated a diet with food
  restriction, weight-loss and thinness.
• Thirty-seven percent of girls in grade nine and
  40 in grade ten perceived themselves as too fat.
  Even among students of normal-weight (based on
  BMI), 19 believed that they were too fat, and
  12 of students reported attempting to lose
  weight.

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Definitions

• General Eating Disorder A problem with food in
  some way
• Anorexia Nervosa (Anorexia, or AN)
• an eating disorder where a person does not have a
  healthy body weight because they are scared of
  becoming overweight.
• They will refuse to eat enough and always see
  themselves as fat
• Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
• out of control eating, followed by a desire to
  get rid of the calories eaten, and will purge or
  use laxatives to remove it.
• Eating Disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)

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Other eating disorders

• Purging Disorder Frequent purging (no binging)
• Binge eating disorder Frequent binging
  escapades (no purging)
• Diabulimia Manipulation of Insulin to control
  weight
• Rumination Syndrome involves regurgitation of
  food and re-eating or discarding it

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Causes

• General Eating Disorder
• Genetic predisposition
• Environment
• Society
• Fashions and expectations for looks
• Low self-Esteem
• Feel bad about yourself
• Feel guilty about eating
• Eating Disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)

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What causes Anorexia?

• Usually caused by a diet or starvation too
  little food.
• Genetic predisposition is thought to run in
  families
• Dysfunctional Family
• Traumatic Experiences, such as rape
• People with Anorexia are often overachievers and
  focus on pleasing people, and view themselves
  more harshly.
• Control

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Brad I felt very empowered by being able to do
it. I felt like my personal hero for being able
to control my body in that way and deny myself
food and the enjoyment of eating.
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Development of Bulimia Nervosa

• Culture what society thinks is beautiful
• Hereditary genetic predisposition
• Stress from life and can trigger it
• Personality low self-worth
• Changes in hormones

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Marya The first time I ever threw up, I had been
hating my body, hating my body and hating my
body-for years... I stopped watching TV, put down
my bag of Fritos and just sort of, in this
drugged stupor, walked downstairs and pulled back
my braids and threw up.
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Psychologists theories

• Freud considered eating disorders to be some form
  of oral fixation, but didnt elaborate on it very
  much
• Maslow thought that eating disorders occurred in
  people who had low self-esteem (level 4)

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Anorexia

• Anorexia
• Anorexia can cause menstruation to stop, it often
  leads to bone loss, and loss of skin health. The
  disorder stresses the heart and increases the
  risk of death
• This is caused by malnutrition
• AN has the highest mortality rate of any
  psychiatric illness it is estimated that 10 of
  individuals with AN will die within 10 years of
  the onset of the disorder.

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AN symptoms continued .

• Russells signs from purging

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileRussell27s_Sign
.png
Heart rate problems Slow heart rate (bradicardia)
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Symptoms

• Bulimia Nervosa
• Out of control eating
• Purging follows
• People are afraid they will gain weight and this
  leads to
• Holding off on food
• Then the need to gorge because of the great
  hunger
• Now all the calories taken in lead to the need to
  get rid of them by purging.
• Eating becomes very irregular and it feels out of
  control for the person

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Bulimia Symptoms

• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue
• Energy Loss
• Loss of menstrual cycle in women
• Plus health problems like
• Teeth decay and gum disease, voice damage, face
  swelling
• Dehydration, muscle loss, brittle skin, hair
  loss, ? BP, anemia - malnutrition
• Old
• Bulimia also causes great health problems, which
  include dehydration, hyponatremia, laxative
  dependence,

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Anorexia

• Treatment involves
• A person has to want to do it
• Getting the anorexic to a healthy weight through
  proper eating that meets dietary needs
• Treating the psychological issues related to
  eating
• Getting rid of the behaviors that could cause the
  person to become anorexic again.
• A stay in a hospital can take upwards of a month
  for full treatment

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Treatments

• Treatments for bulimia involve
• Counseling and support
• Anti-depressant and anti-psychotic drugs
• Usually must be in rehab for at least a month
• This could be expensive in the U.S.

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Virginia Part of the journey of getting better
for the child or the spouse, or whomever has the
eating disorder... that person is going to have
to find herself or himself. And that's the
journey to recovery.
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Prevention

• It is important to support people who might have
  a tendency to develop an eating disorder.
• People who are at risk of developing eating
  disorders need encouragement and positive
  reinforcement from family and friends
• If there is less pressure to look a certain way,
  then I believe that people would feel less
  pressured to look a certain way

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Conclusion

• Both bulimia and anorexia are the misuse of food
  to resolve emotional problems.
• Bulimia Nervosa, just like Anorexia Nervosa,
  takes peoples lives. We need to be very
  observing of our family members and our friends,
  especially because these conditions are easy to
  hide and patients never admit to anything.

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Sources

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorder
• http//www.eatingdisordershelpguide.com/types.html
  
• http//www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/nedaDir/fil
  es/documents/handouts/WhatCaus.pdf
• This is something I havent used yet,
• http//www.pbs.org/perfectillusions/index.html -
  personal stories
• http//www.state.sc.us/dmh/anorexia/statistics.htm
  - US stats
• http//www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/how_serious_
  anorexia_nervosa_000049_5.htm - QRS
• http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0887/is_8_1
  9/ai_64714672/ - study
• http//www.nedic.ca/knowthefacts/statistics.shtml
  - Canadian stats and thoughts
• http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/711212
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa
  -self explanatory
• http//helpguide.org/mental/anorexia_signs_symptom
  s_causes_treatment.htm
• http//jubave.com/2007/08/15/what-is-bulimia/
• http//www.indianwomenshealth.com/Eating-Disorders
  -166.aspx
• http//www.zimbio.com/pictures/Jvx1LwENJop/2009Mi
  lanFashionWeekEtroFashionShow/VMo845UIO_L/Mag
  dalenaFrackowiak
•  http//www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_cause
  s_eating_disorders_000049_3.htm