NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY PERSPECTIVE ON VEHICLE EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT ISSUES

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NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY PERSPECTIVE ON
VEHICLE EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT ISSUES

• by
• Tanwir Y. Mukawi
• Deputy Minister for Environmental Impact
  Management
• from Non Institutional Sources
• MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
• REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
• 2002

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I. INTRODUCTION

• Currently air pollution is an issue of great
  concern in Indonesia
• Emission from motor vehicles are the major source
  of air pollution in Indonesia especially in the
  larger cities.
• Upholding appropriate emission standards will be
  essential to control the increasing rate of air
  pollution monitor caused by motor vehicle owners
  and manufacturers.
• The option to adopt standards and test procedures
  already widely used internationally would be less
  costly in developing the national emission
  standards.
• We encourage harmonization of standards within
  the Asia Pacific region (JASIC G/I Meeting
  Manila, 2002)

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II. CURRENT STATUS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IMPACT ON
AIR POLLUTION

• Motor vehicles contribution to air pollution
  emission of NOx in the Greater Jakarta area
  accounted to 70 whereas emissions of CO and HC
  accounted for more than 90.
• Based on vehicle type, the passenger cars group
  such as taxis, van and passenger cars accounts to
  CO emissions amounting to 58. CO emissions from
  motorcycle, bus, and trucks accounts for 21, 14
  and 7 respectively.
• Passenger car group and motor vehicles are also
  major contributors of HC emissions. Both
  passenger car group and motorcycles produced
  approximately 40 HC emissions respectively.

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II. CURRENT STATUS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IMPACT ON
AIR POLLUTION

• Passenger car group emitted more than 50 of NOx
  and buses emitted around 30.
• The emission of SOx and particulate are almost
  equally shared by passenger car group, buses and
  trucks.
• Motorcycles emission for both parameters
  accounted for about 1.
• The number of motor vehicles in Indonesia
  increased significantly at an average of 13
  growth per year during the period 1997 to 1998
  (see next slide).

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• Table 1. Motor vehicles in Jakarta and Indonesia
• (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001)

Table 2. Emission load estimation from motor
vehicles in greater Jakarta, ton/year (JICA,
1996)
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II. CURRENT STATUS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IMPACT ON
AIR POLLUTION

• The State Minister for Environment established
  standards for motor vehicle exhaust emission in
  1993 in accordance with The Traffic and Road
  Transport Act (1992) and The Environment
  Management Act (1997).
• The decree stipulates the permissible limits of
  CO and HC using idling test modes and black smoke
  by free acceleration as key parameters and were
  applied to conduct periodical inspection and
  maintenance testing for license renewal, namely
  to commercial vehicles.

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III. FUTURE GOVERNMENT POLICY AND STRATEGY

• The main institutions involved in determining
  exhaust emission standard at present is The
  Ministry of Environment, Dept. of Communication,
  Dept. of Energy and Mining Resources as well as
  the city local government.
• As ECE regulations are widely used within the
  region, GOI plans to use ECE emission standards
  and methods to regulate emissions for new
  vehicles in Indonesia.
• The new type approval emission standards are
  phased in the following steps as follows
• Step I, 2003 2005 approaching Euro I
  standards
• Step II, 2006 2008 within Euro I
  standards
• Step III, beyond 2009 within Euro II
  standards.

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Table 3 Emission Standards for New
Vehicles (Light Duty Vehicles)
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FUEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

• Stringent standards requires emission control
  equipment and improvement in fuel quality. This
  requires unleaded gasoline and low sulfur content
  in diesel fuel.
• Promotion of alternative fuel (CNG and LPG) in
  Greater Jakarta
• Initially introduce in the 90s for taxis, but
  faced many constraint (i.e. pricing policy,
  limited infrastructure).
• Renewed commitment by Minister of Energy and
  Mineral Resources, Minister of Industry and
  Trade, Minister of Communication and State
  Minister of Environment.
• Ministry of Environment assigned to chair
  Committee on Gas Fuel for Transportation
  involving sector agencies, local government,
  state oil agency and private sectors.
• Unleaded gasoline introduced in steps
• Greater Jakarta July 2001
• Cirebon, West Java October 2001
• Bali January 2003
• Batam June 2003
• Semarang August 2003
• Surabaya August 2003
• All Indonesia 31 December 2004

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LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES
1. TOKYO, JAPAN

• Indonesia also has high issue with particulates
  with a majority emitted from diesel vehicles
  mainly used by commercial vehicles such as large
  and medium buses.
• The sulfur content in diesel fuel is still high
  at 5000 ppm (0.5).
• Tokyo in its New Ordinance on Environmental
  Preservation is developing an environmental
  information disclosure. Car dealers are required
  to explain the environmental information on new
  vehicle to the buyers.
• MoE is initiating a mandatory disclosure for
  vehicle emissions program (market mechanism
  tool).
• Has receive support from Singapore and the
  Philippines
• National regulation is being formulated and
  expected to be decreed by end of 2002.

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..TOKYO

• Indonesia is seeking for partnership in this
  activity with other Asia Pacific countries.
• Program will enable to set performance criteria
  to different types of motor vehicles labeled as
  environmental friendly.

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2. BUSAN, KOREA

• Indonesia has established an air quality network
  monitoring capability in 10 cities in Indonesia
  comprising 33 integrated continuous air
  monitoring network (PM10, SOx, NOx, O3, CO)
  linked to the MoE network.
• Busan already has harmonized their air quality
  management plans and air quality monitoring data
  within the national and municipal government.
• Indonesia is eager to learn on the experience of
  Busan in developing their air quality management
  plans.
• Increasing the use of CNG buses
• Public transportation modes
• Public awareness efforts (the Ozone Alert
  System).
• GOI interested in enforcement issues focusing on
  smoke emitting commercial vehicles.

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3. KATHMANDU, NEPAL

• MoE is targeting its vehicle emission control
  program is in small cities
• Garut, a scenic mountain town having a population
  of 133,390 (census 2001) and comprising 38,010
  vehicles for entire district.
• Total population of Garut Regency is 2,042,386
  (2000).
• Since air quality is still adequate the program
  is directed at prevention of air pollution in
  anticipating future growth of the area.
• Another larger city within the mountain areas is
  Bandung
• Population of is around 1,868,833
• Number of motor vehicles is 890,885 units.

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KATHMANDU

• Another location of interest to MoE is Bali
  Province
• Well known international tourist haven
• Population approximately 2,998,770 Denpasar City
  is 532,441
• Motor vehicle population is 724,343
• Number of motor vehicles in Denpasar City is
  568,326 (includes Badung Regency).
• Foster cooperation and exchange of information
  between relevant Indonesian cities with Kathmandu
  City.

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Thank You very much