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Higher Education in Global Perspective: The U.S. Model vs. the Successful Model

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Title: Higher Education in Global Perspective: The U.S. Model vs. the Successful Model


1
Higher Education in Global PerspectiveThe U.S.
Model vs. the Successful Model
  • National Press Foundation
  • New York City
  • October, 2006
  • Stephen P. Heyneman
  • Professor, International Education Policy
  • Vanderbilt University

2
The American Model of Higher Education What is
it?
  • Diversity in price, function and quality
  • High access
  • High equity

3
Recent Higher Education changes outside the U.S.
  • Access
  • Quality
  • Managerial innovation
  • Transparency
  • Accountability
  • Equity

4
Ranking of University-Based Industry Income in
China (2003)
US 1 8 Ren Min Bi
Source http//www.cer.net. Chinese Ministry of
Education Center for Education Technology
Development
5
Public University Research-Based Industry Income
In China (2000-2004)
Source http//www.cer.net. Chinese Ministry of
Education Center for Education Technology
Development
6
Universities in China Funding from
Non-Governmental Sources (2000)
Source http//www.cer.net. Chinese Ministry of
Education Center for Education Technology
Development
7
More people are completing upper secondary and
tertiary education than ever before
  • in some countries, growth has been spectacular
  • but others have fallen behind.

8
Growth in baseline qualificationsApproximated by
the percentage of persons with uppersecondary
qualifications in the age groups 55-64, 45-55,
45-44 and 25-34 years (2002)
9
Growth in university-level qualificationsApproxim
ated by the percentage of persons with ISCED 5A/6
qualfication in the age groups 55-64, 45-55,
45-44 and 25-34 years (2002)
10
In many countries, the expansion was accompanied
by massive financial investments
  • while in others student numbers grew faster than
    expenditure

11
Expenditure on educational institutions as a
percentage of GDP (2001)All levels of education
12
Expenditure on educational institutions as a
percentage of GDP (2001)Tertiary education
13
Share of private expenditure on educational
institutions (1995, 2001) Tertiary education
14
Annual expenditure per studenton educational
institutions, in equivalent US dollars, converted
using PPPs
15
Changes in spending per student in tertiary
education(1995100, 2001 constant prices )
16
Public subsidies for education in tertiary
education (2001)
Country mean
17
The earnings advantage of tertiary education
(2002) Relative earnings of 25-64-year-old
tertiary graduates (upper secondary
education100)
18
Current entry rates suggestthat the growth will
continueSum of net entry rates for single year
of age in University (2002)
  • Todays entry rates in universities suggest that
    the strive for higher qualifications will
    continue
  • Half of an age cohort now enter university, and
    in Australia, Finland, Iceland, Poland and Sweden
    70 or more
  • University-entry in the USA is at 64 just after
    this group of countries
  • but not everyone completes with a degree
  • At 34 drop-out rate in US higher than the
    average (30)

19
Academic Ratings of Universities
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong Universityhttp//ed.sjtu.edu.c
    n/rank/2004/top500list.htm

20
Top 100 World Universities
21
Rankings by Country
22
Asias Best Universities 2000
  • Asiaweekwww.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/features/univer
    sities2000/schools/multi.overall.html

23
Ranking of Asian Universities by Size of Bandwidth
24
WTO SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS to EDUCATION SERVICES
Legend 05.A. Primary Education Services 05.B.
Secondary Education Services 05.C. Higher
Education Services 05.D. Adult
Education 05.E.Other Education
Service Source WTO Secretariat
25
Distribution of Foreign Students by Host
Country/Territory, 2002/2003
26
International Students in the U.S. Place of
Origin
27
International Students in U.S. Field of Study
28
U.S. Study Abroad Students 1985/1986
1999/2000
SOURCE Open Doors International, 2001
29
Education Cost Affordability Rankings
30
Total Cost Affordability Rankings
31
The Loan/Grant Mix in Sixteen Jurisdictions
32
The Role of Grants, Loans Tax Expenditures in
Reducing Total Costs
33
Innovations in Transparency and Accountability
  • Research assessment exercise
  • Exit tests from undergraduate education

34
The American Model of Higher Education vs. the
Successful Model What does the future hold?
35
Summary
  • Only one successful model of higher education
    the one which succeeds in helping finance its own
    objectives
  • The U.S. higher education has traditionally led
    the way
  • All nations have to respond to the same set of
    dilemmas and challenges
  • In the future the U.S will have many higher
    education rivals
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