Title: Higher Education in Global Perspective: The U.S. Model vs. the Successful Model
1Higher Education in Global PerspectiveThe U.S.
Model vs. the Successful Model
- National Press Foundation
- New York City
- October, 2006
- Stephen P. Heyneman
- Professor, International Education Policy
- Vanderbilt University
2The American Model of Higher Education What is
it?
- Diversity in price, function and quality
- High access
- High equity
3Recent Higher Education changes outside the U.S.
- Access
- Quality
- Managerial innovation
- Transparency
- Accountability
- Equity
4Ranking of University-Based Industry Income in
China (2003)
US 1 8 Ren Min Bi
Source http//www.cer.net. Chinese Ministry of
Education Center for Education Technology
Development
5Public University Research-Based Industry Income
In China (2000-2004)
Source http//www.cer.net. Chinese Ministry of
Education Center for Education Technology
Development
6Universities in China Funding from
Non-Governmental Sources (2000)
Source http//www.cer.net. Chinese Ministry of
Education Center for Education Technology
Development
7More people are completing upper secondary and
tertiary education than ever before
- in some countries, growth has been spectacular
- but others have fallen behind.
8Growth in baseline qualificationsApproximated by
the percentage of persons with uppersecondary
qualifications in the age groups 55-64, 45-55,
45-44 and 25-34 years (2002)
9Growth in university-level qualificationsApproxim
ated by the percentage of persons with ISCED 5A/6
qualfication in the age groups 55-64, 45-55,
45-44 and 25-34 years (2002)
10In many countries, the expansion was accompanied
by massive financial investments
- while in others student numbers grew faster than
expenditure
11Expenditure on educational institutions as a
percentage of GDP (2001)All levels of education
12Expenditure on educational institutions as a
percentage of GDP (2001)Tertiary education
13Share of private expenditure on educational
institutions (1995, 2001) Tertiary education
14Annual expenditure per studenton educational
institutions, in equivalent US dollars, converted
using PPPs
15Changes in spending per student in tertiary
education(1995100, 2001 constant prices )
16Public subsidies for education in tertiary
education (2001)
Country mean
17The earnings advantage of tertiary education
(2002) Relative earnings of 25-64-year-old
tertiary graduates (upper secondary
education100)
18Current entry rates suggestthat the growth will
continueSum of net entry rates for single year
of age in University (2002)
- Todays entry rates in universities suggest that
the strive for higher qualifications will
continue - Half of an age cohort now enter university, and
in Australia, Finland, Iceland, Poland and Sweden
70 or more - University-entry in the USA is at 64 just after
this group of countries - but not everyone completes with a degree
- At 34 drop-out rate in US higher than the
average (30)
19Academic Ratings of Universities
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Universityhttp//ed.sjtu.edu.c
n/rank/2004/top500list.htm
20Top 100 World Universities
21Rankings by Country
22Asias Best Universities 2000
- Asiaweekwww.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/features/univer
sities2000/schools/multi.overall.html
23Ranking of Asian Universities by Size of Bandwidth
24WTO SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS to EDUCATION SERVICES
Legend 05.A. Primary Education Services 05.B.
Secondary Education Services 05.C. Higher
Education Services 05.D. Adult
Education 05.E.Other Education
Service Source WTO Secretariat
25Distribution of Foreign Students by Host
Country/Territory, 2002/2003
26International Students in the U.S. Place of
Origin
27International Students in U.S. Field of Study
28U.S. Study Abroad Students 1985/1986
1999/2000
SOURCE Open Doors International, 2001
29Education Cost Affordability Rankings
30Total Cost Affordability Rankings
31The Loan/Grant Mix in Sixteen Jurisdictions
32The Role of Grants, Loans Tax Expenditures in
Reducing Total Costs
33Innovations in Transparency and Accountability
- Research assessment exercise
- Exit tests from undergraduate education
34The American Model of Higher Education vs. the
Successful Model What does the future hold?
35Summary
- Only one successful model of higher education
the one which succeeds in helping finance its own
objectives - The U.S. higher education has traditionally led
the way - All nations have to respond to the same set of
dilemmas and challenges - In the future the U.S will have many higher
education rivals -