Title: End of the Great War and the Treaty of Versailles
1End of the Great War and the Treaty of Versailles
2American Intervention, 1917-1918
- May 1915 Lusitania (128 US citizens)
- February 1917 Germany declared unconditional
submarine warfare - Zimmermann Telegram
- Sent and deciphered in Jan. 1917
- Brits gave it to Wilson Feb. 24, 1917
- Wilson had it published March 1, 1917
- 6 April 1917 US Congress approved resolution
declaring war on Germany
3President Woodrow Wilson
- 1916 He kept us out of war.
- By 1917 wanted to help end the war
- Jan. 1918 Fourteen Points
- Idealistic
- National self-determination
4American Intervention was decisive
- Money and supplies (1917-1918 7,000,000,000
worth of food and guns) - Navy (second largest)
- Men
- March 1918 85,000 US troops
- Sept. 1918 1.2 million US troops
- Morale
5(No Transcript)
6November 11, 1918 Armistice!
7The Stab in the Back MythAdolf HitlerMatthias
Erzberger
8Spanish Influenza Pandemic
9Spanish Influenza Pandemic
- First appeared in Kansas
- Killed 8 million in Spain
- Most deadly to 20-40 year-olds
- Quick death
- 43,000 US soldiers died
- 20 million died in India
- Up to 40 million world-wide
10Paris Peace Conference, 1919
11Paris Peace Conference (cont.)
- The Big Four
- David Lloyd George of Britain (mediator)
- Georges Clemenceau of France (wanted revenge,
compensation, to contain Germany) - Woodrow Wilson of the United States (idealist
national self-determination lasting peace) - Vittorio Orlando of Italy (played a minor role)
12John Maynard Keynes (1883-1940)
- Economic advisor to Lloyd George
- Quit the conference
- The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920)
13Treaty of Versailles
- Between Allies and Germany
- Signed in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles,
June 28, 1919
14Treaty of Versailles
- Crucial Terms
- Clause 231 War guilt clause
- The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and
Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and
her allies for causing all the loss and damage to
which the Allied and Associated Governments and
their nationals have been subjected as a
consequence of the war imposed upon them by the
aggression of Germany and her allies. - Clause 232 reparations, eventually calculated at
33,000,000,000 (1921) - Covenant of the League of Nations
15Things soon begin to fall apart
- US Congress rejected Versailles Treaty
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- Sept. 1919 Wilson's 8000 mile tour, 40 speeches
29 cities (22 days) - Wilson collapsed
- Nov. 2, 1920 Warren Harding elected US President
- Aug. 1921 US signed a separate Treaty with
Germany