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Ancient India

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Title: Ancient India


1
Ancient India
2
The Indus and Ganges River Valley
  • The rivers start in the Himalaya mountains
    because of melting snow and rain
  • The rivers flow across the plains of and creates
    fertile farmland in the valleys.

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Indias Geographic Setting
  • Subcontinent A large land mass that juts out
    from a continent (Asia)
  • India was a very isolated country, which limited
    contact with the rest of the world
  • The Himalayan Mountains and the Hindu Kush
    separated India from Asia

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Climate of the Monsoons
  • Indias climate is dominated by the monsoon.
    (monsoon is strong winds)
  • October to May the winter Monsoon blows from
    northeast.
  • In the middle of June the summer monsoon picks up
    moisture from the ocean.
  • People depend on the summer monsoons to provide
    life giving rain.

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Barriers and Pathways
  • Although the mountains separate India from other
    lands there are openings.
  • The Hindu Kush Mountain range has passes that
    allowed people to migrate in, as well as,
    invaders.

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Life in the Indus River Valley
  • The rich soil of the Indus river valley provides
    early farmers harvest with a surplus of wheat
    and other grains.
  • With all the surplus food that population grew
    more and more, and some other villages became
    cities.
  • From 2500 BC to 1500 BC, well planned cities grew
    in the valley, one was Mohenjo-Daro

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The Worlds Earliest City Planners
  • Mohenjo-Daro was a large city and need careful
    planning because the Indus River often flooded
  • The cities rulers built Mohenjo-Daro on a high
    mountain

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The City of Mohenjo-Daro
  • To make travel easy in the city, streets were
    laid out in squares.
  • People built their homes and shops around these
    squares
  • At the center of the city there was a Citadel.

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Conquest by the Aryans
  • The invaders called themselves the Aryans, which
    in their language meant noble or highborn.
  • The Aryans migrated.
  • Aryans cross the plains of northern India, the
    people of the Indus River Valley huddled behind
    the crumbling walls of the cities.
  • The Aryans conquer the people of the Indus River
    Valley many became slaves of the invaders

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Caste System
  • Strict division of social order
  • Under the caste system, people always had to stay
    in the caste of their parents
  • The caste system still exists in present-day India

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Caste System

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Beginnings of Hinduism
  • Roots of Hindu Belief
  • Hinduism is the worlds oldest and major religion
  • Aryan culture mixed with the conquered peoples
    and some beliefs from the Vedas, formed the Hindu
    religion

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Hindus worship gods and goddess, but the only
believe in one spirit
  • Most important gods are Brahma the creator,
    Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer.
  • These gods take human and animal form.

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Shiva
  • Shiva is the most important and powerful
  • He doesnt get into human matter
  • He creates and destroys the world
  • His wife Shakti is also worshipped but she takes
    part in human life

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Vinshnu
  • Vinshnu is a kind god that is concerned about
    humans
  • Visits Earth from time to time in different forms
  • He guides and protects humans

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Brahma
  • Brahma was the creator of everything
  • Hindus believe that he was born in a golden egg
  • Created the Earth and everything on it

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Basic Hindu Beliefs
  • The beliefs are all in religious text and
    writings
  • Hindu books are written in a language called
    Sanskrit

26
Upanishads
  • Upanishads are Hindu religious text
  • Upanishad means sitting near a teacher
  • It is filled with questions from students and
    answers from teachers

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Reincarnation
  • Reincarnation is after you die your soul goes
    into another body
  • Good people with strong beliefs would be reborn
    in a higher class
  • People who were bad would come back in a lower
    class even and animal
  • If you were perfect your spirit would go straight
    to Brahman

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Hindus Duties
  • If you are perfect your spirit goes to Brahman
    and you get off of the cycle of dieing and coming
    back
  • The soul becomes on with Brahman

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Dharma
  • Dharma is the religious and moral duties of
    people
  • Duties depend on the persons, age, class, and
    occupation
  • If you obey your dharma you get closer to Brahman

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Ahimsa
  • Ahimsa means being nonviolent
  • They dont eat meat because they wont harm
    animals
  • Another belief is that there is more than one
    path to truth

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Buddhism
  • Buddhism is a religion created by a young prince
    named Siddhartha Gautama. When he was 30 he
    dropped his wealth and his family to go find the
    solution to human suffering. Guatama believed
    that you look inwardly and meditate to find the
    answers. After 49 days of meditating and fasting
    he found the answer to human suffering.

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  • His followers call him Buddha or enlightened
    one. Buddha taught that suffering was caused by
    people that have selfish desires for money,
    power, and pleasure. If you give these things up
    you can be free of suffering. To give up these
    desires you can do it by following the Middle
    Way. To get to Middle Way Guatama taught that
    you cant have too much pleasure or too much
    worry about life. Also you have to treat people
    fairly, and unselfishly. You must never kill a
    living thing, and always tell the truth.

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Following Buddhas Path
  • You will find nirvana
  • Nirvana is lasting peace
  • There are no social class boundaries in Buddhism
  • There is an eightfold path to guide people
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