Mountains are the wrinkles of age and pimples of youth on Earth's crusty outer skin. They rise up as

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• Mountains are the wrinkles of age and pimples of
  youth on Earth's crusty outer skin. They rise up
  as the crust collides, cracks, crumbles, folds,
  and spews. By definition, they dominate their
  surroundings with towering height.

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The Lingo

• Mountain range group of adjacent mountains
  (with same shape and structure)
• The Himalayas
• The Cascades
• Mountain system group of range
• The Appalachian Mt. System
• Mountain belt group of systems
• Circum-Pacific
• Eurasian-Melanasian

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What is orogenesis?

• The tectonics of mountain building

How are mountains classified?

• How they were deformed and shaped

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Types of Mountains

• 1. Folded Mountains
• Mountains formed primarily from folding
• Compressional stress
• Examples Appalachian Mtn., northern Rocky Mtn.,
  and the Alps

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• 2. Fault-Block Mountains
• Formed from large blocks faulted up and down
• Examples Teton Range of Wyoming and Sierra
  Nevada of California
• Tensional stress stretches the crust

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The Grand Tetons
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They result from regional warping of the entire
continental crust.

• 3. Domes
• magma just doesn't quite have enough push to make
  it to the surface.
• Example Black Hills of South Dakota
• 4. Basins
• syncline folds where the layering dips toward the
  center of the basin.
• Example Basins of Michigan and Illinois

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Mountain Formation at convergent boundaries

• Most mountain building found here
• Colliding plates provide the compressional forces
  that fold, fault, and metamorphose the thick
  layers of sediments
• Ocean to Ocean Convergence
• Ocean to Continental Convergence
• Continent to Continent Convergence

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Mountain Formationat divergent boundaries

• Usually on ocean floor
• Fault block mountains form here
• Example Mountains along the Mid-Atlantic ridge

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Mountain Formationat non-boundary

• Some upwarped mountains, fault-block mountains,
  and volcanic mountains are not formed at a plate
  boundary
• Example Hawaiian Islands

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Mountain Formationat continental accretion

• Mechanism in which smaller crustal fragments
  collide and merge with continenal margins
• Example mountainous regions rimming the Pacific
• Terranes- any crustal fragment that has a
  geologic history distinct form that of the
  adjoining terranes

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Terranes

• Continents can grow by accumulating crustal
  material along their edges at convergent
  boundaries.
• Here, a terrane carried by a subducting plate is
  fused to the edge of a continent.
• The attachment of terranes such as this
  contributed to continental growth along the west
  coast of North America.

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Principle of Isostasy

• Isostacy the balance act between the
  crust and the mantle
• The act of balance (the changes)
• isostatic adjustment

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Examples of pressure changes

• Mountains
• Growing mountains increase in pressure
• Erosion decrease in pressure
• Glaciers
• Accumulation of ice heavy increase in
  pressure
• Melting lighter decrease in pressure
• Rivers
• Sediments accumulate at mouth of river increase
  in pressure

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http//www.geo.wvu.edu/donovan/geol101/animations
/43.swf
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