Medical Informatics

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Medical Informatics

Dr.T.V.Rao MD Professor Of Microbiology
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Albert Einstein

• Imagination is more important than knowledge"

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Informatics

• The application of information technologies to
  optimize the information management function
  within an organization

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Information technology

• Any technology which processes and communicates
  data, includes
• computers, voice, data and image sensing and
  communications devices, graphics devices,
  multi-media storage, etc.
• pen, paper, telephones and fax machines

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Why bother with the future?

• "If you think that you can run an organisation in
  the next 10 years as you've run it in the past 10
  years you're out of your mind."
• CEO, Coca Cola

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Health (Medical) Informatics

• Simplistic definition
• Medical informatics is the application of
  computers, communications and information
  technology and systems to all fields of medicine
  - medical care, medical education and medical
  research. MF Collen, MEDINFO '80, Tokyo

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Health (Medical) Informatics

• Medical informatics is the rapidly developing
  scientific field that deals with resources,
  devices and formalized methods for optimizing the
  storage, retrieval and management of biomedical
  information for problem solving and decision
  making.Edward Shortliffe, M.D., Ph.D. What is
  medical informatics? Stanford University, 1995.

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Health Informatics Defined

• Information Technology
• Health care
• Research
• Education
• Fundamentals
• Communication
• Knowledge Management
• Decision support
• Clinical Information Management

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Informatics Use in Health Care

• Communication
• Telemedicine
• Tele-radiology
• Patient e-mail
• Presentations
• Knowledge management
• Journals
• Consumer Health information
• Evidence-based medical information

• Decision Support
• Reminder systems
• Diagnostic Expert Systems
• Drug Interaction
• Information Management
• Electronic Medical Records
• Billing transactions
• Ordering Systems

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Medical Informatics
Knowledge Management
Clinical InformationManagement
Communication
Decision Support
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Health Informatics - Behavior

• Health informatics is seen as to be concerned
  with the individual and group behavior of health
  care personnel in their interaction with
  information and information technologies.

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Health Informatics consists of

• Information Technology
• Health care
• Research
• Education
• Fundamentals
• Communication
• Knowledge Management
• Decision support
• Clinical Information Management

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Are we too slow adopting the change

• Medical schools have long recognized the need to
  revise their teaching methodology, but have been
  slow to change.

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Why Learn Medical Informatics?

• Computers are fast and affordable today.
• And we want computers and IT shape our future
  now!

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ICT based Leaning

• As we have to use information and communication
  technologies (ICT) in education but how to do so,
  and how to ensure equitable access for teachers
  and learners, ICT removes problems concerning
  space and time. Computers are increasingly used
  in medical education.

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The first challenge

• We have to prepare future physicians for the
  changing behaviors of patients, who are
  increasingly Internet-savvy and who sometimes
  appear to know more about their diseases than
  their own Doctors

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The second challenge

• This is closely linked to the first, is to raise
  awareness among physicians and Medical students
  in training of the many benefits of using ICT to
  Improve not only the quality of interventions and
  health care delivery but, from a broader
  perspective, the organization of the health care
  system itself

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The third challenge

• Is to motivate medical students and practitioners
  to use ICT to find information, learn and
  develop. It is proposed that information
• E-Literacy should be a mandatory skill for all
  medical students. The e-learning mode of training
  is also addressed.

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The third challenge

• Although underemployed in most medical faculties,
  it represents the future of initial and
  continuous medical training. Virtual resources
  and communities, simulations and 3D animations
  are also discussed

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The fourth challenge.

• A further challenge inherent to the use of ICT in
  medical education is how to implement this
  innovation into teaching and learning

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Objectives To train all the Medical students and
Faculty in the Medical information and Technology


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Cyber physicians the problem

• Healthcare is a knowledge based business but
  information is poorly delivered
• Doctors now suffer from the information
  paradox--drowning in information but cannot find
  the information they need
• Patient information is often neither evidence
  based nor easily accessible

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Medical Education is shifting to Problem based
learning

• There has been a philosophical shift in medical
  education in recent years. Pioneered by the
  McMaster and Newcastle medical schools, there has
  been a move from the traditional lecture-focussed
  program to a problem-based approach (Harden).

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Information fluency is the intersection of
information literacy, computer literacy and
critical thinking.
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Computers Medicine

• Computer and power of computers in the science
  and medicine

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Modern Methods of www.search

• Use of Internet, Modern methods in Internet
  search

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ICT Medicine

• Information and communication technology for
  Medical professionals

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E-learning and Resources

• Retrieval of Medical information
• e-learning in Medicine
• Podcasting and Video casting in Medicine

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Contributing on WWW

• Contributing and sharing our knowledge on World
  Wide Web

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Medical Informatics Improves Educational
Strategies

• Didactic vs problem solving
• Competencies
• Word processing
• Information retrieval
• Information management
• Data analysis
• Presentation
• Communication skills
• E-mail, file transfer, web

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Knowledge is exploding and Patients are demanding
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Orientation by teachers is the primary goal

• By making our primary goal the preparation of
  students to be medical information managers, we
  have a strong rationale for the inclusion of
  medical informatics applications into the
  curriculum.

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Easier Evaluations

• This goal also provides a criterion by which the
  appropriateness of curricular offerings can be
  judged and the outcomes of instruction can be
  evaluated.

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Computer-aided instruction

• These include computer-aided instruction,
  learning about computers and their applications,
  use of computer-based information resources, use
  of computers as a tool and as a mechanism for
  information management, decision support and
  communication.)

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Better orientation of Biomedical Information

• While medical informatics includes computer
  applications, it is not limited only to the use
  of computers, but includes the knowledge, skills
  and attitudes involved in seeking, manipulating
  and using biomedical information.

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Best strategy/practice?!
Allow users/students to do the work themselves.
Then, we should simply follow up with them to
make sure that they are successful. Socratic
questioning (i.e., reference interview) is useful
too!
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Faculty should provide electronic information

• Faculty must identify the prerequisite
  information and skills that students need to
  enable them to access electronic information
  sources, as well as the course content the
  student needs to "know" and the information the
  student needs to "know how to access"
  electronically.

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Virtual reality in teaching a priority in Medical
Education

• The use of virtual reality in simulated
  procedures is a new application of computers in
  medical education and is as yet in its infancy.
  Procedures can be standardised and trainees able
  to test and practice their skills.

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Medical Informatics to be part of Curriculum

• Medical informatics to be incorporated into
  medical school curricula in developing world. So
  Medical informatics allows physicians to access,
  analyze, and manage information so that they can
  make educated decisions in patient care .The use
  of computers and the related technology is
  essential for communication and
  information-sharing with colleagues, for public
  and patient education, and for professional
  development

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Continued efforts by Faculty will create interest

• Continued efforts must be made to teach them the
  skills necessary so that they can benefit from
  available and evolving technology. In addition,
  we recommend that students be introduced to
  computer-based testing early in their medical
  school careers to improve their comfort levels
  with this medium

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Students should develop interest in electronic
information

• Students' attitudes toward their education may
  also have to change. Students need to learn that
  they must be information seekers as well as
  information managers. They also need to acquire
  knowledge about relevant sources of information,
  and the skills to access electronic information.

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Medical Informatics makes the better Health
Managers

• Our primary goal the preparation of students to
  be medical information managers, we have a strong
  rationale for the inclusion of medical
  informatics applications into the curriculum.

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Progress of Medical Informatics

• Many Medical Informatics research centres
  developed computerized medical record systems
• Incorporating Medical Informatics design
  principles.
• With the shift to clinician-driven designs
• Many of these survived today and others are
  making a resurgence

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Patient data is most important source of
informationChange from Hard copy to Soft copies

• As medical knowledge continues to expand rapidly
  with demands for more efficient coordination of
  patient data become paramount, and the pressures
  for improved practice and application of evidence
  based medicine increases, medical informatics
  will have increasing influence in our working
  lives as clinicians.

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Information technology is not a remedy for all
ills in Medical Education

• Information technology must not be viewed as a
  potential cure to the current ailments of medical
  education. It may be part of the solution and
  should be treated as such

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Training Our Medicos a Priority

• Medical informatics certainly helps to fill the
  gaps in teaching methods. Training our Medicos in
  ICT will change the perceptions of Health care
  and Delivery system.

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e- books and e-resources

• Electronic learning (e-learning) is moving from
  textbooks in electronic format (that are
  increasingly enhanced by the use of multimedia
  adjuncts) to a truly interactive medium that can
  be delivered to meet the educational needs of
  students and postgraduate learners

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Indian Journal of Medical Informatics (IJMI)

• Indian Journal of Medical Informatics (IJMI) is
  an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal
  adopting a broad definition of "medical
  informatics" and focusing on the applied aspects
  of computers to healthcare delivery.

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An information literate individualOur Goals

• Determines the extent of information needed.
• Accesses the needed information effectively and
  efficiently.
• Evaluates information and its sources critically.
  
• Incorporates selected information into ones
  knowledge base.
• Uses information effectively to accomplish a
  specific purpose.
• Understands the economic, legal, and social
  issues surrounding the use of information, and
  access and use information ethically and legally.
  

Source ACRL Information Literacy Competency
Standards for Higher Education
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Challenges Ahead

• Patients will have the same access to knowledge
  as professionals
• Self care or rolled back care will become
  steadily more important
• Professionals and patients will become much more
  equal partners
• Evidence will become steadily more important

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Summary

• Medical Informatics discipline is not new
• Yet appears to only be in its infancy in terms of
  enhancing medical practice
• Medical Informatics has the potential to benefit
  patient care as much as a newly discovered drug /
  therapy.

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Steve Jobs on Computer

• We think basically you watch Television to turn
  your brain off and you work on Computer when you
  want to turn your brain on

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Patients are keen to know more about their
Problem Are we well Equipped
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Follow me for More Articles of Interest on
Medical Informatics
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