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All those who believe in psychokinesis, raise my hand Steven Wright

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All those who believe in psycho-kinesis, raise my hand ... Moose. Rank dominance. Bison. Bighorn sheep. NewsBreak. Social evolution. Genetic mechanisms ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: All those who believe in psychokinesis, raise my hand Steven Wright


1
  • All those who believe in psycho-kinesis, raise
    my hand - Steven Wright

2
Social adaptation
  • Learning objectives
  • Determine the purpose of social behaviour
  • Classify social systems of ungulates
  • Trace the evolution of social behaviour

3
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4
Gregariousness
5
Group membership
  • Benefits
  • Leadership of young
  • Mutual care of young
  • Range use traditions
  • Social skills
  • Predator evasion (cover, vigilance)
  • Disbenefits
  • Interference
  • Local forage depletion
  • Greater mobility
  • Synchronization

6
Group types
  • Aggregations concentration around point
    resources
  • Survival groups anti-predator
  • Calving concentrations anti-predator
  • Familial groups related individuals
  • Mating groups territories, leks

7
Segregation
  • Different predation risks
  • Different forage needs
  • Costs of synchrony

8
Ruckstuhl Neuhaas 2000. Behaviour 137 361-277.
9
Dominance relationships
10
Local dominance
  • Individual territories
  • Duikers
  • Pair territories
  • Dik dik, klipspringer, oribi
  • Mating territories
  • Most antelope
  • Leks
  • Kob, lechwe

11
Territorial structure
12
Mobile dominance
  • Harems
  • Wapiti
  • Vicugna
  • Horses and plains zebras
  • Roving dominance
  • Kudu, eland
  • White-tailed deer
  • Moose
  • Rank dominance
  • Bison
  • Bighorn sheep

13
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14
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15
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16
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17
NewsBreak
18
Social evolution
  • Genetic mechanisms
  • Individual vs kin selection
  • Differential survival
  • Breeding success (mating enhancement)
  • Progeny quality
  • Selective forces
  • Predation
  • Weapons/fighting techniques
  • Female gregariousness, cohesiveness, seasonality

19
Evolution of male mating systems
20
Male mating enhancement
Norman Owen-SmithUniv. Witswatersrand
21
Female mating strategies
  • Criteria
  • Behaviour (dominance)
  • Territorial ownership
  • Physical appearance
  • Antlers/horns
  • Decision process (time, mobility, memory)
  • Random mating
  • Fixed threshold
  • Best-of-n-males
  • One-step decision making

22
Participation
  • LOE, LE., R. J IRVINE,C. BONENFANT, A STIEN, R
    LANGVATN, SD ALBON, A MYSTERUD, NC STENSETH.
    2006. Testing five hypotheses of sexual
    segregation in an arctic ungulate. Journal of
    Animal Ecology 75 (2), 485496.

23
Preparation
  • What are the benefits/disbenefits of group living
    and what determines optimal group size?
  • How are dominance relationships among males used
    to classify social systems of ungulates?
  • Distinguish (with examples) the 4 main social
    systems based on local dominance.
  • Distinguish (with examples) the 3 main social
    systems based on mobile dominance.
  • Detail the selective forces that shape social
    evolution.

24
Next
  • Communication and expressive behaviour
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