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Lake County Nursery IPM May 12,2009 Next Session
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Conditions Today

• Rainfall Degree days
• 12.1 276 Perry 09
• 13.7 236 Madison 09
• 10.6 287 Avon09
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----
• 306 Perry 08
• 282 Madison 08
• 311 Avon 08

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Downy Mildew

• Downy mildew is most favored at about 64.4F.
  Temperatures that are too high (80.2F and above)
  or too low (39.9F and below) stop the disease.
  If the weather becomes hot and dry, the downy
  mildew pathogen will be halted, at least for
  awhile. It is possible, however, for the downy
  mildew pathogen to lay quiet in infected rose
  tissue and wait for cooler weather.

Wet weather, high relative humidity and overcast
conditions are triggers for downy mildew disease.
Fog provides near-perfect conditions for an
outbreak.
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• Daconil WeatherStik (1 pint/100 gallons),
• Heritage WDG (4 ounces/100 gallons),
• Stature DM (12.8 ounces/100 gallons)
• Junction DF (3.5 pounds/100 gallons)
• Subdue MAXX EC that was applied as a drench every
  30 days
• Phosphonites

Insignia
FenStop SC, PentathlonLF Segway 400SC
Armicarb 100 Biorational Potassium
bicarbonate
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• Triact 70 Biorational Neem oil
• ZeroTol/ Biorational Hydrogen peroxide
• SaniDate/
• Oxidate

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The GDD of Perry is 143 Summary of Phenological
Events

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Weeds and Grasses Controlled Over 50 weeds are
listed on the Tower label, including annual
grasses, broadleaves and certain nutsedges.
Amaranthus spp. Annual sedges Barnyardgrass
Bluegrass spp. Carpetweed Crabgrass spp.
Common purslane Doveweed Goosegrass
Nightshade spp. Nodding spurge Spotted
spurge Yellow nutsedge
Use Rates Short-term (2-4 months) 21 fl. oz.
per acre or 0.5 fl. oz. per 1,000 sq.
ft. Long-term (4-6 months) 32 fl. oz. per
acre or 0.7 fl. oz. per 1,000 sq. ft. Signal
Word Warning REI 12 hours for agricultural
workers
Formulation 6.0 EC (liquid)
Active Ingredient Dimethenamid-P Chemical
Family Chloroacetamide (Group 15)
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Formulation 1.75G (Granular) Provides 0.75
dimethenamid-P and 1 pendimethalin
American burnweed Annual bluegrass Annual
kyllinga spp. Barnyardgrass Crabgrass spp.
Dogfennel Doveweed Eclipta Foxtail
Goosegrass Henbit Italian ryegrass
Lambsquarters spp. Liverwort Mayweed
chamomile Nightshade spp. Panicum spp.
Pearlwort Pepperweed Phyllanthus
Purslane Rice flatsedge Shepherdspurse
Smartweed spp. Spurge spp. Willowherb spp.
Woodsorrel (Oxalis spp.) Yellow nutsedge
Chemical Family Combines Chemical Group 15,
chloroacetamide herbicide, with Group 3,
dinitroaniline herbicide
Use Rates 100, 150 and 200 lbs./A for
commercial ornamental production 2.3-4.6
lbs./1,000 sq. ft. in ornamental landscape or
general maintenance areas
Signal Word CAUTION REI 24 hours for production
ornamentals
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JEWEL PRE-EMERGENT HERBICIDE

• Ronstar 2 plus Pendimethalin 1.25
• Annual Bluegrass) Annual Sedge (
  Barnyardgrass (Bittercress) Bristly Foxtail
  (Bristly Oxtongue) Carpetweed ()
  Cheeseweed) Common Chickweed (Common
  Groundsel) Fall Panicum () Fiddleneck (Field
  Sandbur (Fireweed ()
  Goosegrass () Green Foxtail () Lambsquarters
  (Large Crabgrass) Niruri) Oxalis ()
  Pigweed) Prostrate Knotweed (Prostrate
  Spurge) Purslane () Ripgut Brome ()
  Shepherdspurse (Smooth
  Crabgrass ( ) Sowthistle) Speedwell
  () Spiny Amaranth Spotted Catsear () Spurge
  () Wild Oat ( Yellow Foxtail ()
  Yellow Woodsorrel

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1 Aryloxyphenoxy Acclaim Extra 12 Fusilade
II 12 Cyclohexanedione DIMs Envoy Plus 12 ,
Arrow 12 Sethoxydim-E-Pro 12 2 Imidazolinone Image
12 3 Pyridine Dimension 12 Benzamide Kerb
12 Dinitroaniline Pendulum 24, Corral
24 Barricade 12 , Regalkade 12 Oryzalin Surflan
12 Trifluralin Treflan 12
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3 3 Dintiroanaline . Dintiroanaline XL 2G
12 4 Pyridine carboxylic acid Lontrel
12 5 Triazine Princep 12 6 Benzothiadiazinone Bas
agran T/O 12 9 Glycine Roundup Pro
4 Touchdown Pro 12 10 Phosphinic acid Finale
12 12 Pyridazinone Predict 12
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14 Diphenylether Goal 24 Oxadiazole Ronstar
12 N-phenylphthalimides BroadStar 12,
SureGuard 12 15 Acetamide Devrinol
12 Chloroacetamide Pennant Magnum
24 20 Nitrile Casoron 12 21 Benzamide Gallery
12 22 Bipyridylium Gramoxone Inteon
12-24 Reward 24
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27 Other Basamid Granular 24 Vapam 48 Scythe
24 14 3 Diphenylether Dinitroaniline
Ornamental Herbicide II (OH2) 24 Oxadiazole
Dinitroaniline RegalStar 12 Diphenylether
Dinitroaniline Rout 24 OxadiazoleDinitroanaline
Kansel 12 15 14 Acetamide Oxadiazole Pre
Pair 12 Diphenylether Oxadiazole Regal O-O
24 21 3 Snapshot TG 12 21 14 3 Showcase 12
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• Formulations/Adjuvant effects
• Avoid overtop applications of EC forms and
  oil-based adjuvants (crop oils), especially
  during summer
• Pennant Magnum, Pendulum EC best applied dormant
• Use granular or WDG/DF forms, as well as
  nonionic surfactants when spraying overtop,
  especially to tender growth

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Oxyfluorfen-sold by itself as Goal, Galigan
sold in combinations as Rout, OH2, Regal 0-0,
Showcase FlumioxazinBroadStar,
SureGuard OxadiazonRonstar, and in combination
as Kansel, RegalStar, PrePair, Jewel Do not
apply to tender foliage, species that trap
granules Symptoms leaf spotting/burning, stem
girdling, injury to breaking buds
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Impact of Formulation (spray vs
granule) Oxyfluorfenspray Goal,
Galigan Granule-Rout, OH2, Regal 0-0,
Showcase Flumioxazinspray SureGuard, granule
-BroadStar Oxadiazonspray Ronstar50 WSP granule
Kansel, RegalStar, PrePair, Ronstar2G Sprays
only on conifers, directed spray shade
trees Granules on shrubs
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Simazine(Princep, others)Do not apply to
bedding plants or perennialsTolerance may be
rate dependentUse lower rates, combine with a
grass herbicideUse lower rates on sandy or
gravelly soilsCan injure dwarf burning bush,
hydrangea, forsythia, lilac, and mock orange
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Isoxaben(Gallery, Snapshot, Showcase) Injures
Danes rocket, oxeye daisy, the mustard family,
sedum, ajuga, lambsear, Veronica Injures dwarf
burning bush (Euonymus alatacompacta), hydrangea,
and lilac
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Dinitroaniline herbicides Yellowish-orange
chemicals Preemergence weed control wide range of
ornamentals (woody and herbaceous) Injury
symptoms root inhibition, stem
brittleness/breakage Oryzalin(Surflan,
XL) Pendimethalin(Pendulum, Corral,
others) Prodiamine(Barricade, Regalkade) Triflur
alin(Treflan, Preen, others)
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Halosulfuron (Manage, Sedgehammer) SedgeHammer
replaces Manage herbicide by Monsanto, which
Gowan Company acquired the rights for last year.
Use -directed spray around established woody
ornamentals in landscapes Do not use in bedding
plants or herbaceous perennials Injures
cotoneaster, crape myrtle, English ivy, liriope,
hosta, butterfly bush, privet, viburnumwith
overtop applications
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Glyphosate (Roundup Pro, others) Glufosinate
(Finale) Keep off desired foliage Keep off
the bark of young trees Keep glyphosate off
suckers Use caution with glufosinate around
conifers
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What Happens to Herbicides Granules as They are
Spread Over Containers
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Cygnus

• Formulation 50 WG (Wettable Granule)
• Use Rates 1.0 to 6.4 oz. per 100 gals.
• Active Ingredient Kresoxim-methyl
• Chemical Family
• REI 12 hours Strobilurin
• Group 11 fungicide
• Signal Word CAUTION
• control of powdery mildew, rusts, scab
• diseases and leaf spot diseases

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Iprodione Pro

• foliar and soil-borne diseases
• Formulation 2SE (Suspoemulsion).
• Use Rates 1 to 2.5 qts. per 100 gals. drench
  applications 13 oz. per 100 gals.
• Active Ingredient Iprodione
• Chemical Family Dicarboxamide
• Group 2 fungicide
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours

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Insignia

• broad range of foliar and soil-borne
  ornamental diseases
• Formulation 20 WG (Water Dispersible Granule)
• Use Rates 2 to 16 oz. per 100 gals.
• Active Ingredient Pyraclostrobin
• Chemical Family Strobilurin
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours
• Group 11 fungicide

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Pageant

• broad-spectrum fungicide
• Formulation 38 WG
• Active Ingredient Boscalid and pyraclostrobin
• Chemical Family Group 11 (strobilurin or QoI)
  and Group 7 (carboximide)
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours

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Stature SC

• Phytophthora and downy mildew diseases
• Formulation 4.8 lb./gallon SC (soluble
  concentrate liquid)
• Active Ingredient Dimethomorph
• Chemical Family Cinnamic Acid Derivative (Group
  40 fungicide
• Group 15 fungicide
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours

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Segway Fungicide

• Active Ingredient
• Cyazofamid
• GROUP 21 FUNGICIDE
• Pythium crown and root rots and damping-off
• Phytophthora crown and root rots and
• foliar blights.
• Downy mildews
• Contains 3.33 pounds Cyazofamid Per Gallon (400
  grams per liter flow able suspension

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Compass

• Strobilurin ,Rates of14 oz. in 100 gallons of
  water drench or foliar spray,
• With a 12 hour REI.
• Powdery mildew, Botrytis, Anthractnose, Septoria
  Leaf Spot, Myrothecium, Rust, Scab, Blackspot,
  Downy Mildew, Rhizoctonia Root Rot.
• Group 5

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Dimethylation Inhibitors(DMI Fungicides) MOA1

• Banner MAXX Bayleton 50 (Rubigan
• Eagle 20EW
• Funginex
• Immunox  
• Fertilome Liquid  
• Systhane  
• Decree 50WDG

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Methyl Benzimi- dazole Carbamates MOA 2

• Clearys 3336
• Fungo Flo

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Dicarboximides MOA 3

• Chipco 26019

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Phenylamides MOA 4

• Subdue Maxx

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Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoI MOA 5

• Compass
• Heritage

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Inorganics (Metals) Dithiocarbamates MOA 6

• Alliette
• Phyton 27    

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DISCUS

• Common Name Imidacloprid plus Cyfluthrin
• Class Neonicotinoid plus Pyrethroid
• REI 12 hours
• Signal Word CAUTION
• Foliar Rate 25 - 50 oz. per 100 gallons of water
• Soil Rate 1.14 - 1.91 gallons per acre

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• Active Ingredient Bifenthrin
• Contains petroleum distillates.
• Onyx Insecticide contains 2 pounds active
  ingredient per gallon
• Group 3

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Judo

• Group 23 insecticide/mitecide
• insecticide/miticide is a compound for
  controlling mites and whiteflies on nursery and
  greenhouse ornamentals.
• Rates 2 - 4 fluid ounces per 100 gallons as a
  foliar spray
• 12 hours REI,
• Translaminar activity, providing 21 to 30 days
  control.
• Soft on many beneficials, particularly parasitic
  wasps and predatory bugs. Predatory mite numbers
  are reduced, but populations recover, and mites
  can be reintroduced after about 7 days.
• Rain-fast formulation.

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Insecticide Resistance Action Committee
InformationChemical Group PyridinecarboxamideCo
de Group 9CWSSA Group Target Site Compounds
of unknown or non-specific mode of action
(selective feeding blockers)
Aphids such as Acyrthosiphon species Aphis
species Dactynotus species Green Peach
Myzus Macrosiphon species Rhopalosiphum
species Thrips2 such as Western Flower
Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Thrips
species Whiteflies3 such as Greenhouse Whitefly
Aria Insecticide is a water dispersible granular
formulation containing 8 ounces of flonicamid per
pound
Do not apply more than 0.267 lbs a.i. per acre
per season. Resistance Management Strategy
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Acelepryn

• GROUP 28 insecticide ,
• foliar or soil application, broad spectrum
  control of grubs caterpillars other sucking
  insects, clear wing borers,
• 4 hour REI
• Chlorantraniliprole

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Plant bugs
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Cool Season Mites
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AMBROSIA Beetle
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Aphids viburnums ,roses ,sediums
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Spiny Witch Hazel Aphid- Birch
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Boxwood Psyllid
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Lacebugs- azaleas, pieris, rhododendrons
,blueberries ,hawthorns
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Birchleaf miner
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Holly Leaf miner
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Black Vine Weevil
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Beech Aphid
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Droplets Affect on Pesticide Application
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13 . What would you use these fine particle size
for?
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14. What would you use this medium size droplet
for ?
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15. What would you use this course size droplet
for?
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Ways To Determine Spray Coverage
1.U-V Dyes 2. Water
Sensitive
Paper
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Droplet number if divided
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Applicator Exposure
Spraying 10
90 Filling And Cleaning
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What Nozzle to Choose
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Wind Chart
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Air Assisted Sprayers
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Type of Nozzles
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Atomization
Low Drift
Standard
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Ways To Reduce Drift

• Reduce Pressure
• Change Nozzles (air inducted , low drift)
• Avoid Wind
• Buffers Strips
• Live Barriers
• Air Assisted Sprayers
• Ground Speed
• Boom Height

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The holy triangle of spraying
How do we control the triangle ?
Time and Money Efficiency
Volume rate
Forward speed
Drift Control
Chemical Efficacy
Droplet size
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The holy triangle of spraying
Time and Money Efficiency
Things we control Volume rate Ground
speed Concentration of chemical Boom
height Droplet size
Drift Control
Chemical Efficacy
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How to reduce wind drift

• Early morning spraying
• Often there is no or very low wind speeds early
  in the mornings (Note that in still air
  conditions, the spray cloud may appear to float
  behind the sprayer not a favorable condition)
  Spraying early mornings at low wind speeds
  usually will allow good efficacy with low volumes
  and fine atomization.

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How to reduce wind drift

• Nozzle type
• Either use or be ready to change to low drift or
  INJET. The choice depends on wind speed and
  spray job

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How to reduce wind drift

• Nozzle size
• Choose a bigger size nozzle. This will increase
  the water volume rate and apply larger/faster
  drops. The increased volume rate can compensate
  for the reduced coverage from bigger droplets.

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How to reduce wind drift

• Spray pressure
• Use a lower pressure since this produces
  larger drops

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How to reduce wind drift

• Driving speed
• Slower speed means less disturbance of the
  spray pattern and also less turbulence around the
  boom and thus less drift

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Systemic Herbicides
Number of Droplets
Dmv
Spray Volume
Droplet Size (Micron)
Fines
Effective
Big
200
600
400
Pattern Droplet Distribution
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Contact Herbicides
Number of Droplets
Dmv
Spray Volume
Droplet Size (Micron)
Fines
Effective
Big
500
300
Pattern Droplet Distribution
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Insecticides, fungicides
Number of Droplets
Dmv
Spray Volume
Droplet Size (Micron)
Fines
Big
Effective
300
150
Pattern Droplet Distribution
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Choosing Nozzles
Timing
Dropsize Dropspeed
Biological effect
Volume
Dose
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Droplet impact
Retention Reflection Explosion
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Matching the spray and the target

• Coarse Fine

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Spray Accountability
Evaporation
Airborne Drift
Spray Target
Loss on Ground
Sedimentation Drift
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Big Droplets
Airborne Drift
Spray Target
Loss on Ground
Sedimentation Drift
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Droplet size

• Herbicide efficacy in response to droplet size

Knoche, M 1994
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Recommended drop sizes
CibaGeicy
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