Case Study of the ArcGIS Marine Data Model: Examining Habitat Utilization Patterns of Reef Fish Along the West Coast of Hawaii - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Case Study of the ArcGIS Marine Data Model: Examining Habitat Utilization Patterns of Reef Fish Along the West Coast of Hawaii

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Title: Case Study of the ArcGIS Marine Data Model: Examining Habitat Utilization Patterns of Reef Fish Along the West Coast of Hawaii


1
Case Study of the ArcGIS Marine Data Model
Examining Habitat Utilization Patterns of Reef
Fish Along the West Coast of Hawaii
Alyssa Aaby, OSU Dawn Wright, OSU Brian Tissot,
WSU ESRI UC 2004
Photos from www.fishbase.org
2
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The ArcGIS Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

3
Marine Resource Management
  • Marine resources are at risk (eg. Leslie et al.,
    2003, Mumby et al., 2001, Puniwai et al., 2003)
  • Growing interest in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
  • Management tool
  • Effective both ecologically and economically (eg.
    Carr et al., 2003, Friedlander and Brown, 2003,
    Tissot et al., 2004)

4
Marine Resource Management
  • How can we make MPAs as effective as possible?
  • Identify areas with patterns of high habitat
    utilization

5
Two Main Questions
  • Question 1 What is the habitat utilization of
    specific fish species at a coarse-scale?

6
Two Main Questions
  • Question 1 What is the habitat utilization of
    specific fish species at a coarse-scale?
  • To answer question, use ArcGIS MDM

7
Two Main Questions
  • Question 1 What is the habitat utilization of
    specific fish species at a coarse-scale?
  • To answer question, use ArcGIS MDM
  • Use real data to test model itself

8
Two Main Questions
  • Question 1 What is the habitat utilization of
    specific fish species at a coarse-scale?
  • To answer question, use ArcGIS MDM
  • Use real data to test model itself
  • Question 2 How well does the MDM meet the needs
    of the marine GIS community?

9
Conceptualizing the MDM
  • Building industry-specific data models for ArcGIS
  • In 2001, researchers decided to create a model
    specifically for the marine community
  • The ArcGIS Marine Data Model

10
What is the MDM?
  • A geodatabase template
  • A new way to spatially model marine data
  • A database used to assemble, store and query data
  • Model that captures the behavior of real-world
    objects

11
Why use the MDM?
  • Standardized template
  • Implement project
  • Organize data
  • GIS and data management
  • Easy to share
  • Build upon
  • Querying ability
  • Object orientation

12
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

13
Testing the ArcGIS Marine Data Model 3 Goals
  • Case study tested 3 goals (Wright et al, 2002)
  • Goal 1 Assembling, managing, and querying in
    ArcGIS
  • Goal 2 Provide a template
  • Goal 3 Improve the understanding of geodatabase
    models

14
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

15
Methodology
  • Goals 1 and 2
  • Data Gathered
  • Formatting
  • Importing
  • Querying
  • Goal 3
  • Tutorial created

16
Data Gathered
  • West Hawaii Aquarium Project (WHAP) (Tissot et
    al., 2004)
  • Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program
    (CRAMP) (Brown et al., 2004)
  • State of Hawaiis Division of Aquatic Resources
    (DAR) (DAR, 2004)
  • Saving Mauis Reefs project (Brown, 1998)
  • Individual peer-reviewed journal articles
  • Date, sites, method, frequency, info

17
Formatting Getting Data into the MDM
Formatting data to fit MDM template
Portion of MDM
MS Access
http//dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/diag.html
18
Importing Personalizing the MDM
  • Adding fields to the feature classes, tables
  • Adding new tables and relationships
  • Attention to detail required
  • Worth it in the end!

19
Database Set Up
Table Names Survey Location (Survey Point) Divemaster RunDetail Species Information (Integrated Species)
Information stored in each table SurveyID Reference location Latitude Longitude Island Site Area_Desc Depth Comments Reference location Transect_Co TransectRunID Transect Date Time Observer Source Transect_Co TaxonID Count Size Comments TaxonID EBrownID TaxonName Alpha Type Family FamCode Quest DAR Synomyn HawaiiName CommonName Trophic Status
20
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21
Querying
22
Goal 3 Improve Understanding of Geodatabase Model
  • Benefits of MDM
  • The MDM Tutorial
  • Response

23
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

24
Results Goals
Goals Results
Goal 1 Common structure for assembling, managing, and querying in ArcGIS Met
Goal 2 Provide a template Met
Goal 3 Improve the understanding of the Geodatabase model Met
25
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

26
Habitat Utilization
  • What is the habitat utilization pattern of
    selected fish species at a coarse-scale?
  • Can fine-scale substrate info be correlated to
    coarse-scale habitat info?
  • Does depth play a role in the location of
    coarse-scale habitat types?

27
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

28
Done with the MDM
29
Fish Analysis done with MDM
  • Select WHAP data
  • Determined site location in each habitat type and
    zone

30
Sites classified by Habitat and Zone
Habitat Type Reef/Aggregate Coral (RA) Reef/Colonized Volcanic Rock/Boulder (RCB) No data
Location Anaehoomalu Kalahiki Beach Honokohau
  Keawaiki Kamilo Gultch Hookena (Auau)
  Keei Kaupulehu Makalawena
  N. Keauhou Kealakekua Bay Manuka
  S. Oneo Bay Keopuka Omakaa
  Red Hill Kualanui Pt Wawaloli
  Waiakailio Bay Lapakahi Wawaloli Beach
  Papawai
    Puako  
Zone All sites with data were located in the
shelf zone, with the exception of Puako which
was located in the fore-reef zone.
31
Querying to Determine Fish Location
32
Logistic Regression Analysis
Fish Species Percentage of species found in RA habitat type Percentage of species found in RA habitat type Percentage of species found in RCB habitat type Percentage of species found in RCB habitat type
N (absent) Y (present) N (absent) Y (present)
Acanthurus triostegus 57.1 42.8 55.5 44.4
Ctenochaetus strigosus 14.2 85.7 0 100
Scarus dubius 14.2 85.7 0 100
Scarus psittacus 0 100 11.1 88.8
Zebrasoma flavescens 0 100 0 100
Chaetodon ornatissimus 0 100 0 100
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus 57.1 42.8 0 100
Forcipiger spp. 0 100 0 100
Acanthurus achilles 0 100 0 100
Naso lituratus 0 100 0 100
Paracirrhites arcatus 0 100 0 100
Paracirrhites foresteri 0 100 0 100
Acanthurus nigrofuscus 0 100 0 100
33
Can fine-scale substrate info be correlated to
coarse-scale habitat info?
34
Substrate Results
Substrate type RA Mean Cover (SD) RCB Mean Cover (SD) P
Boulder 0.29 (0.59) 2.26 (3.92) 0.153
Porites compressa 34.9 (13.6) 12.2 (11.1) 0.004
Porites lobata 23.26 (9.97) 33.1 (8.96) 0.059
Pocillopora meandrina 0.167 (0.44) 0.88 (1.87) 0.277
Rubble 6.73 (6.23) 7.14 (6.68) 0.897
Sand 0.92 (1.77) 7.00 (10.9) 0.117
Dead Coral 28.6 (10.1) 32.3 (17.6) 0.601
35
Does depth play a role in the location of
coarse-scale habitat types?
Study Site Habitat Type Depth (ft)
Anaehoomalu RA 32.00
Kealakekua Bay RCB 32.00
Puako Bay RCB 32.00
Papawai RCB 34.00
Keopuka RCB 35.00
Kualanui Pt. RCB 36.00
S. Oneo Bay RA 37.00
Ke'ei RA 39.00
Hookena (Kalahiki) RCB 39.00
Kamilo Gultch RCB 40.00
Lapakahi RCB 40.00
Ka'upulehu RCB 42.00
Waiakailio Bay RA 45.00
Keawaiki RA 46.00
N. Keauhou RA 46.00
Red Hill RA 47.00
  • Mean depth for RCB habitat type is 37 /- 3.65ft
  • Mean depth for RA habitat type is 41.71 /- 5.77ft

36
Does depth play a role in the location of
coarse-scale habitat types?
  • P0.088
  • Trend indicates that RA habitat occur deeper than
    RCB

37
Outline
  • Background
  • Part 1 The Marine Data Model (MDM)
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Part 2 Habitat Analysis
  • Research Questions
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion and Conclusion

38
Discussion Habitat Analysis
Future research Tie fine-scale substrate info
be tied to specific fish?
1. How do specific fish utilize coarse-scale
habitats? A Inconclusive
A. WHAP Fish Info
B. Coarse-scale NOAA habitat info
Regional Habitat Utilization Patterns?
C. Fine-scale WHAP substrate info
3. Does depth play a role in the location of RA
and RCB habitat types? A Strong trend, p.088
2. Can fine-scale substrate info be correlated to
coarse-scale habitat types? A Yes, PC (plt.05) in
RA and a strong trend with PL (p.059) in RBC
39
Conclusions Management
  • Use information from this study to evaluate
    current protected areas
  • For example
  • RA habitat shows trends toward being located
    deeper
  • P. compressa is found significantly more often in
    RA habitat
  • P. compressa provides and important habitat for
    yellow tang (Tissot et al., 2003, Dollar, 1982)
  • Thus, to protect the yellow tang, must have
    protected areas that extend into deeper waters
  • Consistent with study that MPA encompassing range
    to depth values shown to be more efficient for
    yellow tang (Tissot et al, 2004)

40
Discussion
  • Through habitat analysis
  • Goal 1 Met
  • Goal 2 Met
  • Goal 3 Met

41
Discussion Ideal User?
  • MDM is tailored to a specific user
  • Data
  • Amount
  • Variety
  • Time
  • Cost
  • Experience of user
  • Experienced GISuse object-orientation
  • Inexperienceduse template

42
Conclusions
  • The MDM is a powerful tool
  • Information to aid managers evaluate the West
    Coast MPAs
  • Future research
  • Data to HNHP

43
Thanks to
  • All the Rogues in Davy Jones
  • The Hawaii Natural Heritage Program
  • DAR, WHAP, CRAMP, and Saving Mauis Reefs for
    letting me use their data

44
Questions?
  • For more information on the marine data model go
    to
  • http//dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/

45
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46
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47
Habitat Utilization Analysis
  1. What is the habitat utilization pattern of
    selected fish species at a coarse-scale?

(A) WHAP Fish Info
Regional Habitat Utilization Patterns?
(C) fine-scale WHAP substrate info
(B) coarse-scale NOAA habitat info
2. Can fine-scale substrate information be
correlated to coarse-scale habitat types?
3. Does depth play a role in the classification
of RA and RCB habitat types?
48
The 13 reef fish analyzed
Aquarium Fish
Acanthurus achilles (Achilles Tang)
Chaetodon ornatissimus (Ornate Butterflyfish)
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus (Foursport Butterflyfish)
Forcipiger spp (eg., Longnose Butterflyfish)
Naso lituratus (Orangespine Unicornfish)
Zebrasoma flavescens (Yellow Tang)
Non-aquarium fish
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Brown surgeonfish)
Acanthurus triostegus (Convict surgeonfish)
Ctenochaetus strigosus (Striated surgeonfish)
Paracirrhites arcatus (Arc-eye hawkfish)
Paracirrhites foresteri (Blackside hawkfish)
Scarus dubius (Regal parrot)
Scarus psittacus (Common parrotfish)
All photos from www.fishbase.org
49
Statistical Analysis
  • Porites compressa (finger coral) P.004
  • Significantly more abundant in RA relative to RCB
  • Porites lobata (lobe coral) p.059
  • Shows strong trends toward being found in RCB
    relative to RA

50
What is the habitat utilization pattern of
selected fish species at a coarse-scale?
?
www.fishbase.org
  • fine vs. coarse-scale habitat information
  • Importance
  • Habitat utilization
  • Management

51
Can fine-Scale Substrate Info be Correlated to
coarse-Scale Habitat Info?
  • fine-scale WHAP substrate information
  • Importance
  • Cost
  • Time
  • Information

?
52
Does depth play a role in the classification of
coarse-scale habitat types?
Study Site Habitat Type Depth (ft)
Anaehoomalu RA 32.00
Kealakekua Bay RCB 32.00
Puako Bay RCB 32.00
Papawai RCB 34.00
Keopuka RCB 35.00
Kualanui Pt. RCB 36.00
S. Oneo Bay RA 37.00
Ke'ei RA 39.00
Hookena (Kalahiki) RCB 39.00
Kamilo Gultch RCB 40.00
Lapakahi RCB 40.00
Ka'upulehu RCB 42.00
Waiakailio Bay RA 45.00
Keawaiki RA 46.00
N. Keauhou RA 46.00
Red Hill RA 47.00
  • Importance
  • Management

53
Why use the MDM Model?
  • Why a data model?
  • Standardized template
  • Implement project
  • Organize data
  • GIS and data management
  • Easy to share
  • Build upon
  • Querying ability
  • Object orientation

54
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