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VIII. LABELING THEORY

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b. as we have the ability to live up to expectations, ... 'The Outsiders: Studies in the. Sociology of Deviance' a. emphasized that the role of the. labeler ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: VIII. LABELING THEORY


1
VIII. LABELING THEORY
  • (because Im not sure where I really want to
    locate this)

2
A. Introduction
  • 1. basic premise
  • a. we are what people think of us
  • b. as we have the ability to live up
    to expectations, we also have
  • the ability to live down to them
  • c. modeling / learning
  • 2. legacy of the Symbolic Interactionist
    perspective
  • a. human interaction is a form of
    social control
  • b. Charles Horton Cooley (1902)
    looking glass self
  • gt we all see ourselves through the
    eyes of others
  • c. W I Thomas (1923) definition of the
    situation

3
  • 3. functionalist contribution
  • a. Robert K Merton (!949)
    self-fulfilling prophecy
  • 1) social structures are organized
    in a hierarchy that
  • establishes social status on
    certain individuals
  • 2) we act as we do based on the
    expectations of others and
  • ourselves
  • b. Frank Tannenbaum (1937)
    dramatization of evil /
  • social tagging
  • 1) first to identify a labeling
    perspective
  • 2) crime / deviance reflects an individuals
    acceptance by / of
  • a criminal / deviant group

4
4. Garfinkels (1956) Successful Degradation
Ceremonies (A Moral Indignation) model
Mentally Ill
Treatment
Physically Ill

NORMAL BEHAVIOR
5
B. The Theory
  • 1. Edwin Lemert primary and secondary
    deviance (1967)
  • a. primary deviance the initial
    behavior that causes recognition
  • gt the behavior that is
    identified as deviant that gains the
  • attention of authorities
  • b. secondary deviance, individual
    incorporation of
  • societys response (label)
  • c. Goffman (Stigma, 1963) calls this
    spoiled
  • identities, negative self-images
    (1922-1982)
  • d. premise
  • 1) individual behaves
    aberrantly
  • 2) behavior is noticed (an
    arrest) by authorities who then
  • respond

6
  • 3) label is attached
  • gt Goffmans deviancy
    amplification
  • 4) upon being labeled,
    individual will act in the manner
  • consistent with his / her
    expectations of that label
  • e. comments
  • gt is it the label or
    the response
  • 2. social order
  • a. law is the expression of moral
    certitude and control
  • b. crime is a status, an achievement,
    an abstraction
  • gt criminal is an ascribed
    social construction of which there
  • are masters, journeyers, and
    apprentices

7
  • 3. affect on criminal justice
  • a. Critics the system creates the
    offenders it wants
  • b. Supporters labeling deters
  • c. Practice, what to do knowing what we
    know?
  • 1) radical non-intervention (Schur,
    1973)
  • a) dont ask / dont tell
  • b) eventually, we all grow up
  • 2) diversion programs
  • 3) VOMP

8

  • 4. Howard Becker (1928 - )

  • The Outsiders Studies in the

  • Sociology of Deviance

  • a. emphasized that the role of the

  • labeler

  • gt the labelee must agree that the
    labeler has credibility
  • b. (controversially) human behavior is
    mostly neutral, the social
  • order is responsible for creating
    significance beyond the act

9
C. Criticisms
  • 1. What about primary deviance?
  • gt does not address original sin
  • 2. Does not address those who eschew the
    label
  • gt those with significant self-esteem /
    self concepts
  • 3. Ecological fallacy
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