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SCIENCE POLICY AND ENVIRONMENT
Energy Sustainability Group Presented by
Group members

• Claire
• Momoyo
• Herry
• Sok Khom
• Long

Energy Efficiency Experts
Renewable Energy Experts
4 July 2002 Room 224,Engineering Building 2, The
University of Tokyo, Hongo
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IS ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN JAPAN SUSTAINABLE?

• A PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE SUSTAINIBILITY OF THE
  COUNTRY

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Contents

• Introduction - Energy Balance
• What are the Problems?
• An Example of the Problem - Nabemono
• Proposal
• Proposal 1
• Improving Energy Efficiency
• Strategy for Change
• Proposal 2
• Renewable Resources
• Strategy for Change
• Comparison Analysis
• 1. Environmental Aspects
• 2. Socio - Economic aspects
• 3. Social aspects
• Conclusion

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Introduction Energy Balance

• Worlds 4th largest energy consumer
• 2nd largest energy importer

Future attempts to secure energy supplies are
essential!
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Introduction - Quiz
Whats the present Energy situation in Japan?
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Introduction - Quiz

• Q What percentage of Japans total energy supply
  you think comes from Fossil fuels?
• 42
• 62
• D) More than 90
• E) I have no idea

C) 82
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Introduction - Quiz
Q What percentage of Japans total energy supply
you think comes from nuclear power? A) 3 C)
23 D) More than 30 E) I have no idea
B) 13
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Introduction - Quiz

• Fossil fuels account for 82 of Japans total
  energy supply
• Nuclear power accounts for 13

Table 1Primary Energy Supply in Japan
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Introduction - Quiz

• Q1 What percentage of Japans energy do you think
  is imported?
• 40
• 60
• D) More than 90
• E) I have no idea

C) 80
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Introduction - Quiz
Japan depends on imports for more than 80 of
its energy needs and Japan imports 99.8 of its
oil.
Table 1 Comparison of Energy Supply Structures
of Major Developed Countries
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Introduction - Quiz

• Q1 What percentage of Japans energy do you think
  is consumed by households?
• 4
• C) 24
• D) More than 40
• E) I have no idea

B) 14
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Introduction - Quiz
Households consume 14 of Japans energy supply
Final Energy Consumption in Japan
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Introduction - Quiz

• Q1 What percentage of energy used at home do you
  think is supplied by new energy?
• 0
• B) 1
• D) 5
• E) I have no idea

C) 2
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Introduction - Quiz
Only 2 of energy used at home comes from new
energy
Final Energy Consumption in Japans Home Sector
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Introduction - Quiz

• Q1 What percentage of energy is lost between
  production to consumption?
• 14.5
• B) 24.5
• D) 44.5
• E) I have no idea

C) 34.5
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Introduction - Quiz

• Q1 How long are the worlds reserves of oil
  predicted to last?
• 23 years
• C) 103 years
• D) 253 years
• E) I have no idea

B) 43 years
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Introduction - Quiz
Prediction - The worlds reserves of oil will
last for another 43 years
Japan has a commitment to reduce CO2 emissions
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What are the Problems?

• 1. Japan depends on imported energy for 80 of
  its energy needs. As a country the energy
  resources are unsustainable.
• 2. 95 of Japans energy supply depends on
  unsustainable nuclear energy and fossil fuels.
• 3. 34.5 of Japans energy supply is lost before
  consumption.
• The nations use of vital energy resources is
  unsustainable.
• 4. Energy supply controlled by the government or
  big companies. Little choice for energy consumers

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A familiar example of energy consumption
???COOKING
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A hearty Japanese wintertime specialty
???NABE
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Many aspects of NABE cookingare sustainable.
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BUT!!
What makes NABE unsustainable is
ENERGY CONSUMPTION!!
?Fossil fuel Finite Carbon Dioxide Emission
?Imported energy The parentage of LPG import
is 80
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas )
CO2
CO2
IMPORT
?Inefficient energy use About 50 Heat loss
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SOLUTIONS FOR NABE PROBLEM
1.Change the stove into another one to improve
the energy efficiency
2.Introduce alternative energy for LPG
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1.Alternative stove

• Heat Efficiency
• Gas Stove
• ?50
• B) Electric Stove
• ?56
• C) Induction Heater
• ?83

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2, Alternative Energy
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Alternative gas DME
Alternative energy (For power generation) Solar
Wind Biomass micropower etc
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Proposal

• Increase Japanese energy sustainability by
  increasing self-sufficient at the local level.
• Focus will be on what can be done in the home
  sector.
• Increase the efficiency of both energy supply
  and demand
• Introduce clean energy sources into Japanese
  infrastructure at local levels.

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SCENARIO
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PROPOSAL
INCREASE EFFICIENCY
INTRODUCE NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY
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Proposal 1
INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SUPPLY
34.5 Loss Before Consume
Ineffective Energy Consumption
DEMAND
STRATEGY ?
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Energy Supply
Primary Source
35 Loss
Stock
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Energy consumption in household
Measure Meter
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End use Energy Consumption in Residential Sector
28.6
34.0
2.8
6.4
28.3
1999
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Standby Energy Used in Household
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24.3
3.3
3.4
4.2
12.4
4.3
4.4
5.3
12.4
5.9
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Top runner target Items
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Improvement of Energy Efficiency
Supply Source
Demand Source
Transmission Consumtion
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Benefit
Save consumer money. Increase energy supply (
Ex. 1 , in Kawagoe city) Decrease CO2
emission.
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Conclusion
This proposal could be successful if the public
participants strongly participate. Moreover, the
supply companies should control the energy
supply every year.
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Investigation into the Current Situation in
Electric Stores in Tokyo

• BIC CAMERA
• SAKURA YA
• YODOBASHI CAMERA

July 3rd Momoyo Claire Shinjuku Electric
Appliance Stores
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JIS s Energy Efficiency Symbol
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Tokyo Metropolitan Governmental Campaign to Stop
Global Warming
Energy Conservation Appliances Awareness Campaign
Energy Conservation Rank
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• BIC CAMERA

REFRIDGERATORS Information about Flurons but
not about energy conservation as its regarded as
too normal to be appealingly to customers.
AIR CONDITIONER Tokyo Prefectures Labels about
energy conservation is attached to the product if
the achievement rate of energy efficiency is 120
Customers dont care about environmental issues
when making purchases
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Investigation into the Current Situation in
Electric Stores in Tokyo (Part 2)
2. SAKURA YA
Interviewing the salesman
Checking out the products
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SAKURA YAs In House Energy Efficiency Label
JIS s Energy Efficiency Symbol
Achievement rate of energy efficiency standards
Compare, choose, energy conservation lifestyle
Annual power consumption
Annual electricity bill
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2. SAKURA YA
AIR CONDITIONERS REFRIDGERATORS In house
green orange energy conservation labels on all
products but difficult to understand. No Tokyo
Metropolitan Government Labels Green
Achievement of energy efficiency standards
above 100 Orange Achievement of energy
efficiency standards below 100
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Investigation into the Current Situation in
Electric Stores in Tokyo (Part 3)
3. YODOBASHI CAMERA
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3. YODOBASHI CAMERA
REFRIDGERATORS Tokyo Metropolitan Government
labels very clearly on all products
AIR CONDITIONER Tokyo Metropolitan Government
labels very clearly on all products
Standby Energy Poster Awareness Campaign
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Relaxing after a hard days work!
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Strategy for Change

• COLLECTIVE ACTION
• Limited use of appliances (e.g. Kawagoe City in
  Saitama Pref.)
• Introduction of fuel cell
• co-generation system
• Introduction of a national label in Electric
  Appliance Stores throughout Japan

• INDIVIDUAL
• Join the National Label introduction support
  group
• Buy Energy efficient appliances
• Buy an energy saving extension lead

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Collective Action

• Introduction of a national label in Electric
  Appliance Stores throughout Japan

• An awareness support group will be set up to
  campaign for the introduction of an easy to
  understand label when consumers purchase
  electrical appliances

• This label will be made compulsory to attach to
  all big appliances in all electrical appliance
  shops throughout Japan.

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Individual Action

• Buy an energy saving extension lead

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Proposal 2
INTRODUCE NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY

• ENERGY SOURCE CRITERIA
• Clean
• Renewable
• Environmental Friendly
• Relative Low Cost
• Have Experience

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New and Renewable Energy
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Wind

• Japan Experience
• 200s windmills in Osaka in 1960s for agriculture
• Yamada Windmill used propellers spruce wood
  for electric generation
• Cost saving due to reduce cost construction.
• Total output (1998) 38 MW (2010) 300 MW
• At capacity 1000kW, cost per kWh \ 12
• Estimated potential 35 GW (farmland, forest and
  coastal areas)

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PROPOSED ENERGY
Micro Hydro power
Wind
Solar
Biomass

• Less environmental
• degradation

• Waste generated energy

• Emits no CO2
• Produce no waste

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Wind Turbine
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Distribution of Wind Power Generators in Japan
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Effort by People
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S lar

• Abundant on the Pacific Ocean side of Japan
• Governments effort associated with oil crisis
  (1973)
• Delay due to transmit approaches and existing
  regulation
• Electrical output (1995) 39 MW, (1998) 130 MW,
  (2010) 5000MW
• Solar thermal was popular since oil crisis.

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Solar Energy
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Micro hydro power

• Japan has a lot of hydro resources
• watermills was additional power to human and
• domestic animal since the past
• large scale hydropower causes environmental
  damage
• small (lower than 10 MW) hydro power uses the
  run of riverand stores small quantity water,
  result in minimal damages

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Micro Hydropower Plant
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Biomass (1)
Agricultural/animal waste Heat generated by
methane gas obtained from feces of domesticated
animals such as cattle and pigs is being utilized
in the stockbreeding industry. Use of
agricultural waste or products In some parts of
the country, they are being commercialized.
 Landfill gas utilization CMG, produced in
coal mining, is collected and utilized as town
gas. RD is conducted on how to exploit it as
liquid propellant (e.g. Dimethyl Ether).
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Biomass (2)
Gasification Gasification is a major and unique
element in the development of improved BioPower
systems. It is a thermochemical process that
converts solid biomass raw materials to a clean
fuel gas form. The fuel gas form allows biomass
to use a wide range of energy conversion devices
to produce power gas turbines, fuel cells,
reciprocating engines.
Direct-fired CombustionWith more than 7,000 MW
of installed capacity, biomass is the second-most
utilized renewable power generation resource in
the U.S. Most of today's BioPower plants are
direct-fired systems that are similar in concept
to most existing fossil-fuel fired power plants.
Small Modular BioPower Working with industry,
the U.S. Department of Energy's Small, Modular
Systems Project is developing small, efficient,
and clean BioPower systems. Modular BioPower
systems have the potential to help supply
electric power to the more than 2.5 billion
people in the world who currently live without
it.
Co-firingCofiring involves replacing a portion
of the coal with biomass at an existing power
plant boiler. For utilities and power generating
companies with coal-fired power plants, cofiring
with biomass may represent one of the least-cost
renewable energy options.
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Strategy 1 Collective Action

• Hokkaido Green Fund
• Green electric payment system
• Members charge an additional 5 of the bills
• The fund was used to construct power plant owned
  by citizen

• Tachikawa Town (Yamagata)
• Revitalizing local economy by focusing on wind
  energy
• Suffering by kiyokawa dashi
• Started 20 years ago
• In 1993, constructed 3 x 100 kW windmills

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Strategy 2 Individual Action

• Install renewable energy system
• household on the Pacific Ocean of Japan install
  photovoltaic high cost, 4 kW but meet electrical
  need 4MWh. Subsidies help increase popularity.
• Solar thermal power more popular because cheaper,
  but is affected by oil price
• Micro power plant in Iwata exist with utilize
  water flow of water purification plant. Produce
  150kW enough for 500 household.
• Gunma pref. A 540 kW plant constructed in a rice
  field, use flow of water channel.

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COMPARISON ANALYSIS

• Environmental Aspects
• Fossil fuel release high CO2 GHG
• Nuclear power has low CO2 but has more potential
  dangers waste
• Thermal power emits CO2 and air pollution, lower
  efficiency

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Economic Aspects
More cost for production of renewable energy,
but Increase self-reliance
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Social Aspect

• Benefit
• More people participate in decision making
  process
• Shift of power to control energy to local people
• Good opportunity to reconstruct society through
  local collective action
• Dependence on local source increase convivial of
  society

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Conclusion

• Energy consumption in Japan is unsustainable
• Increased energy self-sufficiency and efficiency
  will a step toward sustainability of energy
  consumption.
• Past experience and technology may help Japan to
  achieve its sustainability, but changing of
  government policy will advantageous

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Jorgen Stig Norgard
(The Japan Times June 13, 2002 )

a professor at the Technical University of
Denmark a expert on energy saving who created
the philosophy of energy in Denmark
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Jorgen Stig Norgard
(The Japan Times June 13, 2002 )

• "We can live with very low energy consumption,"
  Norgard said. "From the environmental viewpoint,
  it is very necessary to reduce our energy demand
  dramatically."
• Norgard describes a "high energy society"
  lifestyle, in which an increasing amount of
  energy is consumed in accordance with economic
  growth.
• He then outlines a "low energy society," in which
  energy consumption is greatly reduced by altering
  living habits, such as utilizing improved
  insulation and more efficient use of household
  electric appliances.
• He advocates a simple, enjoyable lifestyle that
  places greater value on leisure and work quality
  than high income and economic growth.

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Jorgen Stig Norgard
(The Japan Times June 13, 2002 )

• He said his country has managed to maintain
  energy consumption at the same level as that of
  30 years ago by adopting a drastic energy-saving
  policy, but energy consumption in Japan has
  meanwhile been growing over the past decades.
• "I think Japan has the technological capability
  to make efficient products (to save energy),"
• Norgard said in an interview with The Japan Times
  during a recent visit to Tokyo

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Jorgen Stig Norgard

• "We have a choice (for a better future).
• We should not just try to estimate or guess what
  the future will be, but we should decide which
  future we want."

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And that interview was done beside me.



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