Coherency and Area Identification

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Summary of NSF/EPRI Workshop on  Urgent
Opportunities for Transmission System Enhancement
Prof. Chen-Ching Liu University of Washington
October 11-12 Palo Alto, CA
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Enhance system planning process construction
Inadequate planning process
Adequate capital investment incentives
Capital investment needs
Access to system information
Openness / Security
Expand training/education programs
Training needs system under
stress
Reliability centered maintenance other
maintenance needs
Transmission maintenance
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Reliability needs
Mandatory reliability standards
Market structure problems Design of rules
Power engineering/economics Gradual implementation
Policy making process
Involvement/study/education
Balkanization of planning process
Regional planning Congestion,
common model
Reliability investment return justification
Lack of transmission upgrade, investment
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Probabilistic planning
Deterministic planning
Common definition Outages,
failure rates, component ratings
Reliability study needs
Information security, Physical
security, Cyber attack
invulnerability
Security scope
Ability to handle major outages
System restoration analysis tools
Western seams agreement One stop shopping
Needs for transmission
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Transmission expansion Enhancement projects,
Seek conservation, renewables,
Generation projects
System constrained aging
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Training programs, power
engineering education, Industry/University
partnership consortium
Needs for power engineers/education
FACTS for damping low frequency oscillations
System instability
Optimal strategy robust
Breakdown into econo.,
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Adv. Remedial action scheme non disruptive load
reduction
Emergency Conditions
FACTS devices controllers. Hierarchical control
Separating circuits FACTS ?
controllability FACTS ? point-of-collapse
Trans. enhancements
Additional and faster controls Voltage source
converter Hybrid switched, fixed
compensation ON-OFF/ continuous control actions
Closed loop, open loop Centralized/
de-centralized Hardware, Faster
algorithms Ease of deployment /
testing
Control needs
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Recruitment, placement etc. PES activities
Power program and education
High surge impedance Line design/
experience
Trans. enhancement
Gen. Additions
Wind turbine issues
Major trans. projects
Gen/ Trans. Needs Trans. Congestion load growth
IPP additions
New planning paradigm
Planning coordination
Role of regulation
Data availability/ security
Investment incentives
New tech. SMES, FACTS HVDC, cost/
benefit
Vertical thinking
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Integrated trans. Control coordinated FACTS
Inter-area mode control Intelligent
control
System enhancements
Economic signals Monte Carlo
simulation
Weak signal for Trans. expansion
Confidence building Magnetically controlled
reactors
Reactive load losses
Inconsistent signals for tech assessment
Closer communication coordination
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Modeling for communication/ computer network
Model needs
Vulnerability indicators Defense system
technologies Special protection S.
Security criteria
Remedial action Islanding
schemes Probabilistic planning
Grid vulnerability
Lack of prob. Measures for rare events
Reserve/ restoration Rare
events handling
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Rapid response to unfolding events
Control room decision
making support (prob. risk)
Integrated maintenance, scheduling Oil/ Gas/
Coal/ Electricity infra. Multi-agent systems
Safety nets (last line of defense)
Dynamic decision event tree
System vulnerability
Economic issues Decision
making problems involving
Players outside
electricity
(negotiation/expectation/rationalization)
Multiple decisions
(linked) Dynamic optimizations
Gas/oil/ electricity/ coal infrastructures
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New special protection scheme System
reinforcement Security zones
controlled islanding
PLC control substations communications btw
security zones and Nat. Control Center Network
security matrix security controllers
Major outage in Brazil 1999 sequences of events
(vulnerability)
Modal analysis, Harmonics, Filter
transients, S-domain modeling, Transient
overvoltage suppressing devices
Dynamic analysis (System enhancement)
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FACTS TCSC damping control TCSCSVC? UPFC
System Oscillations Voltage control Power
scheduling
Robust to attacks/ invulnerability Gaming
analysis simulation Security in/ around control
center Security info/ comm. control system access
Security check
personnel from inside
Security/ vulnerability (confidentiality issue)
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Problems
Recommendations
Who are the enemies, threats, Human,
financial technologies,
Vulnerability understanding
Off-line tools for on-line applications
Strategy needs to be in place for crisis
operations
Attacks Vulnerability. disturbances
Real-time controls
DSP, FACTS, sensors ...
more sophisticated controls,
Design,
autonomous areas interconnected lines used for
inter-change Reduce
dependence on trans. lines
Self- healing
features communication needs in emergencies
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Problems
Recommendations
System restoration tools Building
actions to mitigate damage
System restoration procedures/ drills/
simulations International impact
Underground lines are more secure Highly
reliable system Fault-tolerant design sensor
networks Distributed generation reduces long
transmission
More invulnerable
Vulnerability