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Establishing Instructor Presence and Building an Online Learning Community

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Title: Establishing Instructor Presence and Building an Online Learning Community


1
Establishing Instructor Presence and Building an
Online Learning Community
Presented by Rena M Palloff, PhD And Keith
Pratt, PhD
2
Social Presence
The Ability to portray oneself as a real person
in the online environment
  • Short, Williams, and Christie (1976) defined
    social presence as the degree to whicha person
    is perceived as real in communication that is
    conducted via some formof media
  • More recent studies have noted that the medium
    has little to do with developing a sense of
    presence
  • It is participant behavior online that appears
    to have a greater impact onthe development of
    presence
  • When there is a high degree of interaction
    between the participants, the degree of social
    presence is also high and vice versa (Stein and
    Wanstreet, 2003)

3
Social Presence Online Correlates with
  • Increased learner satisfaction
  • Greater depth of Learning
  • Increased perception of Learning
  • The sense of belonging to a Learning
    Community

4
Social Presence
  • Is not just about the use of
    discussion/interaction although the use of
    discussion helps to create presence
  • It is about finding ways to create human to
    human contact

5
The Presence of Presence
Polhemus, et al (2001) note that some of the
indicators that social presencehas emerged in an
online class include
  • The use of personal forms of address
  • Acknowledgement of others
  • Expression of feeling
  • The use of humor and social sharing
  • The use of textual symbols such as emoticons,
    font colors, different fonts,
    capitalization, and the use of symbols or
    characters for expression

6
Evidence of the Presence of Community
  • Active interaction involving both course
    content and personal communication
  • Collaborative learning evidenced by comments
    directed primarily student to student rather
    than student to instructor
  • Socially constructed meaning evidenced by
    agreement or questioning, with the intent to
    achieve agreement on issues of meaning
  • Sharing of resources among students
  • Expressions of support and encouragement
    exchanged between students, as well as
    willingness to critically evaluate the work of
    others

7
For Presence to Exist, Instructors and Students
should have
  • The ability to carry on an internal dialogue in
    order to formulate responses
  • The creation of a semblance of privacy both in
    terms of the space from which the person
    communicates and the ability to create an
    internal sense of privacy
  • The ability to deal with emotional issues in
    textual form
  • The ability to create a mental picture of the
    partner in the communications process
  • The ability to create a sense of presence
    online through personalization of
    communications

8
Forms of Presence
Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2000) propose 3
forms of presence inonline classes
  • Social Presence
  • Teaching Presence the role and function of
    the instructor may be shared among the
    participants further divided into two major
    functions first, the selection,
    organization, and design of content, activities,
    and assessment and second, the facilitation
    of the course.
  • Cognitive Presence the extent to which the
    participants are able to construct meaning
    through sustained communication/critical thinking

Garrison, et al stress teaching presence. We feel
social presence is the most critical.
9
Three Models of Instructor Functions
10
Three Models of Instructor Functions
11
Week Zero
  • Occurs During the First Week of the Term
  • Sets the Foundation for Community Building
  • Can Occur Along with Initial Exploration
    into Content

12
Some Week Zero Activities
  • Intros/Bios
  • Review of and Buy-in on Guidelines
  • Ice Breaker Activities
  • Web Quests (can be related to the course
    content)
  • Syllabus Quiz
  • Hopes and Fears (Expectations)

13
More Ice Breaker Ideas
  • View from My Window
  • Last Experience with Law Enforcement
  • Classmates Quiz
  • Snowball
  • Flavor of Ice Cream
  • Others?

14
Intros and Bios
  • Give Students Credit for Doing Them
  • Even if Students have Met F2F, have them
    post an Intro they are likely to reveal
    more!
  • If the Course Management System has a Function
    to Create Profiles, encourage students to use
    it
  • Intros can be Linked to Course Content have
    students talk about their experience with
    the area of study or what they hope to gain
    from the course

15
Naming Conventions
  • Think up unusual or catchy names for
    elements of the course, particularly those
    that relate to Community Building
  • Provide some context for the name to draw
    students in and encourage them to use the forum
  • Examples Renas Roadhouse, Keiths Kafe,
    Questions for Dr. P

16
Sample Naming Conventions
Renas Roadhouse Picture a country inn along a
beautiful rural road just outsidea small town
where the entire community gathers from timeto
time throughout the day. The food is good and the
coffeeis great and always flowing. There are
also weekly specials totempt you! This is the
place we can go to partake of some
casualconversation about any number of things
personal news, group problems or frustrations,
or even tangents of interest startedin the
formal course discussion left behind as the
course movedon. This is also the place that
well use to inform each other ofspecial events,
travel, and absences from the course and , of
course, tell a joke or two. Hope to see you here
and, by the way, the coffeeis on me!
17
Dr. Ps Blog
I will be posting some reflections about
ourdiscussions on a weekly basis. Because
thisis a blog, some of my thoughts may be
somewhat controversial. So, feel free to
comment and to get into some discussion with me!
18
Use of Multimedia for Establishing Presence
  • You Tube Videos
  • Short Video Clips
  • Short Audio Clips with Photo
  • My Space/Facebook
  • Animated Graphic File
  • Others??

19
Helping Students to Establish Their Own Sense of
Presence
  • The Obvious Ways
  • Posting Photos or an image they think
    represents them
  • Ice Breakers
  • Intros/Bios

20
Helping Students to Establish Their Own Sense of
Presence
  • The Not-So-Obvious Ways
  • Having students choose topics of particular
    interest and facilitating a discussion on
    them
  • Encouraging ongoing use of the social space
    (i.e., weekly specials, extra discussions
    introduced by them around their interests)
  • Chat Sessions
  • Blogging
  • Others??
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