Animal Health Beef Quality Assurance BQA Pork Quality Assurance PQA

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Animal HealthBeef Quality Assurance
BQAPork Quality Assurance PQA
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Herd-Health Program

• Veterinarian
• Vaccination programs
• Necropsy
• Sanitation
• Nutrition
• Recordkeeping
• Facilities Maintenance
• Sourcing Livestock
• Biosecurity

• Biologicals or Pharmaceuticals
• Stress
• Training

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Biologicals and Pharmaceuticals

• Biologicals used to prevent disease
• Immunity ----Antibodies
• Antibody is a protein that is transported in the
  circulatory system (blood) and nuetralize disease
  causing organisms
• Antibodies are disease specific
• May need to re-vaccinate to replenish antibody
  level
• Pharmaceuticals used to treat disease
• Kill or reduce disease causing organisms
• Internal
• External
• Examples
• Antibiotics, hormones, Anthelmintics, etc

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Quality Assurance

• Insure a quality product, free of abnormalities,
  is delivered to the consumer.
• USDA FSIS Food Safety Inspection Agency
• Audits slaughter animals in packing plants
• NCBA audited packing plants
• To measure and quantify problems

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Quality Assurance

• What does it all include????

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Quality Assurance

• Animal Treatments
• Injections sites (locations)
• Products use recorded
• Feeding
• Antibiotics
• Animal Derived Proteins
• Cannot feed species to species
• Cannot feed bone meal
• Records
• Animal Handling and Well Being
• Take steps to eliminate bruises

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Animal Health

• Administration of biologicals or pharmaceuticals
• Topically applied to the skin
• Orally applied in the mouth
• Injected applied directly into the animals body
  by needle or syringe
• Intranasally delivered via air

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Animal Health

• Injections can only be administered the proper
  location
• Beef Neck, SQ IM
• Sheep Neck, Underneath the front leg SQ
• Pigs Behind the ear SQ

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Injection Site
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Injection Site
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Injection Site
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Injection Site
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Injection Site Knot
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Injection Site
Proper location
Improper Site Location - over shoulder
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Injection Site Lesions

• Cost the industry millions of dollars each year
• Year Sirloin Rounds Round Trim loss oz.
• 1990 21.6 NA NA
• 1994 13.6 10.1 6.8
• 1997 6.2 4.4 15.7
• 2000 2.5 11.3 12.5
• Greater emphasis has been on reducing IM
  injections however we still have a problem

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Injection Site Lesion
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Injection Site Lesion
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Injection Site Lesion
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Injection Site Lesion
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Animal Drug Use Laws

• FDA oversees drug use in animals, EPA oversees
  pesticides, USDA looks for residues in food
• Over-the-counter animal drugs can be used by
  anyone, but only as labeled
• Monitored by the 3 government agencies above

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Extra label Drug Use

• Anytime you use a drug different than on the
  label, it is an Extra label use
• Commonly, we change
• Dose
• Disease Condition
• Effects efficacy, toxicity, and withdrawal time
• May extend withdrawal time

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Animal Drug Use Laws

• A veterinarian is required by law to be
  responsible for prescription drugs and drugs used
  extra label
• Veterinarians by law must have a Veterinary -
  Client - Patient - Relationship (VCPR) to
  prescribe
• Drugs must be properly labeled

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High Antibiotic Residue Risk

• Animal response poor (poor metabolism of drug)
• Treated an animal multiple times with different
  drugs
• Products used in extralabel manner
• Animals sold in short time frame

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Withdrawal Time

• Things that affect withdrawal time
• Drug
• Dose
• Duration of treatment
• Volume given (10 cc vs 30 cc)
• Response to Treatment

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Economic Importance of Non-Fed Slaughter Cattle

• Sale of cows and bull for slaughter account for
  15-20 of producer revenue
• When marketing cull cattle Quicker the Better
• Prolapse 6) Cancer
• Sheath Damage 7) Lump Jaw
• Disease 8) Abscesses
• Lameness 9) Incorrect Condition
• 5) Buck Shoot

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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
Bruises
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
Cancer Eye
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
Bad Joints
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
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Non-fed Slaughter Cattle
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Dystoicia

• What is Dystocia
• How much does it cost producer every year?

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Insuring Health

• Understanding normal
• Temperature, Respiration Rate, Heart Rate
• Animal Temp Respiration Rate Heart Rate
• (per min) (per min)
• Cattle 101.5 30 65
• Horses 100.5 12 25-70
• Swine 102.0 16 60-85
• Sheep 103.0 19 60-120

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Insuring Health

• Depression
• Weakness
• Gauntness
• Nasal Discharge
• Cough / Breathing
• Feces
• Appetite
• Droopy ears
• Stiff or Labored Movement
• Separation from the group

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Insuring Health
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Vital Functions

• Animal Temp Respiration Rate Heart Rate
• (per min) (per min)
• Cattle 101.5 30 65
• Horses 100.5 12 25-70
• Swine 102.0 16 60-85
• Sheep 103.0 19 60-120

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• Chapter 21 Animal Health
• What should be included in a herd-health program?
  Why?
• What is the difference between a biological and a
  pharmaceutical?
• What are the different methods a vaccine or drug
  can be applied?
• Know the importance of injection site lesions.
  Where is the proper injection site?
• What are the normal vital signs for the 4
  species discussed?
• Be able to discuss some of the major diseases
  found in the major domestic species.
• What are visual signs of an ill animal?