Shane Walker

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Effective Visual Presentations

• Shane Walker
• Public Speaking Lite
• February 21, 2006

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Effective Presentations
Delivery
Organization
Game Day and QA
Visual Aids/ Group Cohesiveness
Persuasion
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Delivery
Delivery
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Comfortable Vs. Confident
Delivery
Stance
Gestures
Voice
Eye Contact
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Comfortable Vs. Confident
Delivery
Stance
Gestures
Voice
Eye Contact
Put hands in pocket Sway from side to
side Movement as a crutch
Good posture Feet shoulder width apart Toes
pointed to back of room Arms to the side
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Comfortable Vs. Confident
Delivery
Stance
Gestures
Voice
Eye Contact
Gesturing too much Not gesturing
enough Half-gestures Distracting mannerisms
Keep above waist Make them purposeful Spatially
representative Relax arms when not gesturing
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Comfortable Vs. Confident
Delivery
Stance
Gestures
Voice
Eye Contact
Too quietly Speaking in one continuous
run-on Monotone
Project Use pauses and slow down Use intonation
and vocal variation
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Comfortable Vs. Confident
Delivery
Stance
Gestures
Voice
Eye Contact
Avoiding it altogether Sprinkler Back of the
room or above their heads techniques
3-5 Seconds each Work the room Use it to guide
emphasis and movement
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Organization
Delivery
Organization
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What are the key the differences between
composing a speech and a paper?
Organization
In a paper, all information is visibly separated
w/ important points highlighted In a paper, the
reader can review all the information
Therefore
Speeches must be presented with a clear structure
on the first, and only, time Such distinctions
require us to develop and arrange our speeches to
be even clearer, and more repetitive than a
paper Keep in mind the 3 Ts Template,
Typology, and Technique.
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Organization
Keep in mind the 3 Ts Template, Types of
organization, and Transitions.
TEMPLATE The following template provides an
effective way to organize your speech,
highlighting important points and optimizing
audience retention.
Intro Thesis PREVIEW Points 1 ?
transition 2 ? transition 3 REVIEW Conclus
ion
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Organization
Keep in mind the 3 Ts Template, Types of
organization, and Transitions.
Different Organizational Schemes
TYPOLOGY Organization schemes follow patterns
that allow your audience to more easily follow
and interpret your message. There is no perfect
way to organize your speech. Use an organization
scheme that will not only be effective and
appropriate for your speech topic, but one that
you will enjoy delivering.
Spatial ordered by position (physical,
geographical, etc.) Acronyms ordered around a
play on words or letters Divide A Quote take
apart a quote into 2-4 sections Priority most
important to least important Reverse Priority
least important to most important
Chronological arranged in the order of
occurrence Cause ? Effect ? Solution Funnel
initial broad analysis is developed into a
specific argument Reverse Funnel specific
arguments developed into a broad analysis
Topical separate a larger subject into smaller
topics Extended Metaphor use of a metaphor or
analogy to explain a process Theory / Practice
discuss something that didnt turn out as
planned Time place the longest arguments
towards the beginning and the shortest at the end
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Organization
Keep in mind the 3 Ts Template, Types of
organization, and Transitions.
TECHNIQUE Redundancy/Consistency/Repetition
use and reuse the same words and phrase to
explain your points maintain the same order.
Sign-Posts find catchy ways to refer to your
points so that they are easy for your audience to
remember.
Transitions use the same words/sign posts in
your transitionsalso Effective transitions are
crucial to cohesive speech organization and
smooth delivery.
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Effective Presentations
Delivery
Organization
Visual Aids/ Group Cohesiveness
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Effective Visual Aid Use
Design
Define
Deliver
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THINK Does my speech need VAs?
Would I be . . . Enhancing?
Simplifying? Adding Interest?
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Organize Your Presentation
Introduction and Thesis
Preview
Body
Create the stage establish rapport
Mention what your presentation is about
Support all points with relevant arguments
Summarize your key arguments
Present your opinion
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You are the Main Feature
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Effective Visual Aid Use
Define
Design
Deliver
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Have a Consistent Format
Caps
Titles
Fonts
Layout
Make changes in slide and title masters to suit
requirements
Icons
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Presentations Need a Title Page

• Shane Walker
• Public Speaking Lite
• February 21, 2006

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Presentations Need Transitional Slides
Define
Design
Deliver
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Lots of Text Hurts the Eye
Many slides that you see probably look something
like this. They will use a lot of bullet points
that serve no real function other than to act as
a table of content for the talk, rather than an
actual visual aid to the presentation. Or worse
yet, they present the audience with a solid block
of text which diverts the attention of the
audience towards reading the contents of the text
than listening to the presenter. Your visual aid
should provide visual, rather than textual,
impact because when you have too much text it
distracts the audience and diverts their
attention from the spoken presentation. Go
49ers!! Keep text to a minimum so that the
audience's focus remains on you. By the way,
what am I saying in my lecture right now???
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Use Large Print (this is 40pt bold italic)
This sentence is written in plain text using a
size 14 font This sentence is written in plain
text using a size 24 font This sentence is
written in bold using a size 36 font And this
one is size 48 font!
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Keep it Simple

• Use the 6X6 rule
• Use large fonts (24 pt. or larger)
• Use key words instead of sentences

Use
WordArt
Sparingly
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Use Contrasting Colors
Dark background with light text
Light background with dark text
Dark Background With dark text
Light background With light text
Limit number of colors used
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Use Visual Means, not necessarily Bullet Points

• Not the best way . . . .
• A problem with speaking
• Lack of confidence breeds poor delivery.
• Poor delivery bores audiences.
• Bored audiences sap a speakers confidence.

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Use Arrows to Explain Processes
Lack of Confidence
Poor Delivery
Bored Audiences
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Raw Data Emphasizes Nothing
Early Bird Gets the Worm
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Highlight Key Data Points
Sparrows can catch worms late in the day
Early Bird Gets the Worm
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Line Graphs Delineate Trends
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Sales
20
15
10
Sales
5
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Month
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Pie Charts Display Proportions
My Quarterly Budget
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Diagrams Break Down Objects Into Their Component
Parts
flags
long hair
short, professional hair
sword strength
hands in teaching position
shirtless
line of control

• Barbarian

Governor
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Use Animation to Illustrate Processes
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Avoid Distractions

• Use builds sparingly

Minimize or eliminate clip art
Use animation carefully
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Effective Visual Aid Use
Define
Design
Deliver
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Use the P.A.S.S. Method

• P ress Button (Place Slide)
• A ll okay? (Adjust Slide)
• S tep Back while
• S peaking

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Speak from the Plane of the Projection
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Speak from the Plane of the Projection
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Use the Transitional Slide Between Speakers
Define
Design
Deliver
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Adapt to Your Time Limit.
1 slide per 2 minutes
Prepare 30 second summaries
Condense, dont speed
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Effective Visual Aid Use
Define
Design
Deliver
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Inter-group Stumbling Blocks
What do the other members do while youre
speaking? (be cognizant that were watching)
Where do the other groups members stand?
Who is the point of contact in QA?
Transitioning or Summarizing?
Dark Background With dark text
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Effective Presentations
Delivery
Organization
Visual Aids/ Group Cohesiveness
Persuasion
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Multiplicity
Persuasion
Not just a bad Michael Keaton movie, But
also Essential to a well-rounded persuasive
speech
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Multiplicity
Persuasion
Head Appeals (logos) Includes acknowledgment of
the other side
Heart Appeals (pathos) Even the driest of
presentations should aim for the ticker
Halo Appeals (ethos) Its important to base your
persuasive speech on such an indisputable higher
ideal
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DETERMINE YOUR POSITION
Persuasion
-Your next task is to determine where your
position lies relative to other possible
positions on the issue. This will help clarify
what your goals for your speech will be-
Topic Microfinance Market Exchange
PRO
Con
I--------------------X--------------------------
----------------------------------------------I
x
x
x
x
x
A market exchange system will revolutionize
microfinance
No it wont
It will introduce convenience and order in
already chaotic system, serving as solid
foundation for future innovations. (Better than
what we have)
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Effective Presentations
Delivery
Organization
Game Day and QA
Visual Aids/ Group Cohesiveness
Persuasion
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QA
Game Day and QA
Opening When transitioning from your speech to
the QA session, keep it short. Finish your
psychological closure and state that you are
ready to answer questions, or ask if there are
any questions.
Be resolute.
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QA
Game Day and QA
Delivery of QA Eye Contact, Movement, Tone
Answer the person. Address the crowd.
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QA
Game Day and QA
PAR Paraphrase, Align, Respond.
Alignment Align with their idea or their
emotion. Generally diffuses hostility and can
assist the questioner in listening to your answer
with a more open frame of mind
Paraphrase Allows you to repeat the question for
people who may have not heard it, clarify the
question, and/or reshape the question into what
you want to answer.
Respond Respond With Restatement of theme or
thesis. Say I dont know or That doesnt fall
within the scope of my research. If you know
where they can find out, try to direct them to a
source of information.
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QA
Game Day and QA
PAR Paraphrase, Align, Respond.
Alignment
Paraphrase
Respond
Conclude. Dont miss the opportunity to provide
a summation of all the helpful points and issues
brought up in QA. Providing yet another
opportunity to restate the value and/or theme of
your project.
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Be Sure to Sign up For Tutorials
Delivery
Organization
Game Day and QA
Visual Aids/ Group Cohesiveness
Persuasion