testis, orchis singular testes, orchises plural

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Male reproductive anatomy

• testis, orchis (singular) testes, orchises
  (plural)
• ducts (reproductive tract)
• accessory glands provide nutrients for sperm,
  buffers, fluid
• external genitalia
• --scrotum musculocutaneous sac containing the
  testes
• --penis

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spermatic cord runs from deep inguinal ring,
through inguinal canal, exits at superficial
inguinal ring to scrotum descends to testes
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• Hernia protrusion of an organ through an
  abnormal opening
• inguinal most common
• usually portion of intestine protrudes
• orchiectomy may be necessary

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spermatic cord
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scrotum
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Testes

• from the Latin "to swear on" (testify)
• compound tubular glands serving both exocrine and
  endocrine functions

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Dartos muscle is smooth muscle within the wall of
the scrotum inserts into the skin and raphe of
the scrotum regulates the temperature of the
scrotum by wrinkling the scrotal skin
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Cremaster muscle covers the spermatic cord and
testes acts to retract the testes innervated by
the genital branch (L2) of the genitofemoral
nerve (L1,2)
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tunica albuginea thick, very tough fibrous
tissue thickest capsule in human biology very
pain-and-pressure sensitive forms septae
creating 250-300 lobules
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• Seminiferous tubules contain two cell types
• spermatocytes
• sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells)

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tubules are lined by a stratified epithelium that
consists of the developing spermatozoa
spermatogenesis
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straight tubules
efferent ductules
rete testis
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epididymis motility and fertilizing ability
enhanced

• tubule 23 ft. long lined with stereocilia
• head, body, tail
• tail becomes the ductus deferens
• 2 weeks to pass through

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ductus deferens (vas deferens)
passes through inguinal canal
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Ductus deferens (ampulla) join the ducts of the
seminal vesicles

• glands, secrete about 60-70 of semen volume
• fructose
• prostaglandins
• fibrinogen

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ejaculatory ducts are surrounded by the prostate
and empty into the prostatic urethra
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• Male
• prostatic urethra
• membranous urethra
• penile or spongy urethra

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prostate gland

• composition
• --fibrous connective tissue
• --smooth muscle
• --glands (20-30 of semen)
• alkaline fluid
• clotting enzymes
• antibiotic (seminalplasmin)

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prostatic urethra a. prostatic ducts b.
ejaculatory ducts
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bulbourethral glands (Cowpers)
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Penis three cylinders of erectile tissue plus
their support structures

• two corpora cavernosa (cavernosum, sing.)
• one corpus spongiosum
• distal extremity of corpus spongiosum becomes
  glans penis
• covered by prepuce (foreskin)
• external urethral meatus

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• Root
• bulb of corpus spongiosum
• crura (crus) of corpora cavernosa diverge
  laterally and adhere to the ischial and pubic
  rami

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Each column of erectile tissue is individually
enclosed by tunica albuginea. layer of deep
connective tissue (Buck's fascia), overlies the
tunica albuginea to enclose all 3 erectile columns
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Dorsal arteries of the penis The corpora
cavernosa are supplied by the deep arteries of
the penis (central aa.) branches of the
internal pudendal artery
One superficial dorsal vein and one deep dorsal
vein.