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Caring for Clients With Valvular Disorders of the Heart

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Chest pain. Waterhammer pulse (Corrigan's pulse) Widened pulse pressure. Heart murmur ... Chest pain. Differs from angina pain, does not correlate with ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Caring for Clients With Valvular Disorders of the Heart


1
Caring for Clients With Valvular Disorders of the
Heart
2
4 Cardiac Valves
  • Aortic
  • Semilunar valve-
  • Mitral
  • Bicuspid valve between the left atrium and left
    ventricle
  • Tricuspid

3
Disorders of the Aortic Valve
  • Aortic stenosis-narrowing/stiffening of the
    opening of the aortic valve
  • Pathophysiology/Etiology
  • Age related degeneration
  • Progressive calcium deposits
  • Predisposing cardiac conditions
  • Congenital defect

4
Assessment Findings
  • Dizziness, fainting, angina
  • Abmormal heart sounds
  • Split S2 heart sound
  • Diagnostic findings
  • Chest radiography
  • Ecoicarduigram
  • ECG
  • Cardiac catheterization

5
Medical Surgical Management
  • Drug therapy
  • Digoxin, antihypertensive, antidysrhythmic,
    diuretic
  • Sodium restricted diet
  • Balloon valvuloplasty
  • Valve replacement

6
Nursing Management
  • Monitor V/S
  • Administer medications assess response
  • Prep for diagnostic tests
  • Support adequate cardiac function
  • Instruct encourage diet modification
  • Discharge teaching

7
Aortic Regurgitation
  • Due to valvular incompetence blood leaks
    backwards into left ventricle
  • Pathophysiology Etiology
  • Damaged valve cusps
  • Papillary muscles
  • Results from various cardiac disorders
  • Side effect of weight loss medications

8
Regurgitation cont
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Left ventricular enlargement
  • Increased O2 demand for cardiac function
  • Ischemia/angina
  • Left ventricular failure

9
Assessment Findings
  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest pain
  • Waterhammer pulse (Corrigans pulse)
  • Widened pulse pressure
  • Heart murmur
  • Displaced point of maximum impulse (PMI)-
  • 5th intercostal space medial to the left
    midclavicular line

10
Diagnostic Findings
  • Cardiac catheterization
  • Chest radiography
  • ECG
  • Radionuclide scan
  • Esophageal echocardiography
  • CT
  • MRI

11
Medical Surgical Management
  • Medications
  • Cardiac glycosides
  • Beta blockers
  • Diuretics
  • Prophylactic antibiotics
  • Lifestyle modifications
  • Valve replacement/vascular graft

12
Nursing Management
  • Prep for diagnostic procedures
  • Monitor cardiac function V/S
  • Administer of medications monitor response
  • Monitor clients activity
  • Discharge teaching

13
Disorders of the Mitral Valve
  • Mitral stenosis
  • Valve does not open properly
  • Pathophysiology Etiology
  • Rheumatic carditis
  • Endocarditis
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Liver congestion
  • Peripheral edema

14
Assessment Findings
  • Fatigue
  • Dyspnea
  • Palpitations
  • Tachydysrhythmias
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Productive cough

15
Diagnostic Findings
  • Chest radiography
  • Esophageal echocardiogram
  • ECG

16
Medical Surgical Management
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Asprin therapy
  • Anticoagulant therapy
  • Antidysrhythmia medicatons
  • Cardioversion
  • Precutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
  • Commissurotomy

17
Nursing Management
  • Monitor V/S cardiac function
  • Prep for diagnostic procedures surgery
  • Post-treatment care
  • Discharge teaching

18
Mitral Regurgitation (Insufficiency)
  • Occurs when valve does not close completely
  • Blood flows backward into left atrium left
    ventricle

19
Pathophysiology Etiology
  • Associated with
  • Rheumatic carditis
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Results in
  • Enlarged left atria left ventricle
  • Pulmonary congestion

20
Assessment Findings
  • Chronic fatigue
  • Dyspnea
  • Palpitations
  • Hypertension
  • Murmur
  • SOB
  • Moist lung sounds

21
Diagnostic Findings
  • Transaortic/transesophogeal echocardiography
  • Chest radiography
  • Radionuclide angiography
  • ECG

22
Medical Management
  • Medication
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
  • Digitalis/antidysrhythmics
  • Anticoagulants
  • Prophylactic antibiotics
  • Intra-aortic balloon pump (emergency)
  • Surgery
  • Annuloplasty-repair of valve leaflets

23
Nursing Management
  • Cardiac Monitoring
  • Administer evaluate meds
  • Client ed.

24
Mitral Valve Prolapse
  • Valve cusps enlarge, become floppy, and bulge
    backward into the left atrium
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Considered a benign disease for most

25
Pathophysiology Etiology
  • Idiopathic
  • Inherited connective tissue disorder
  • Associated with CAD
  • Rheumatic carditis
  • Increased levels of catecholamines

26
Assessment Findings
  • Chest pain
  • Differs from angina pain, does not correlate with
    physical exertion, duration is prolonged, not
    easily relieved.
  • Palpitations
  • Fatigue
  • Diagnostic
  • Echocardiography

27
Medical Management
  • Periodic antibiotic therapy before invasive
    procedures
  • Medications
  • Digitalis,beta blockers, calcium channel
    blockers, aspirin therapy, anti anxiety meds
  • Valve replacement
  • Adequate sodium intake
  • Restrict/eliminate alcohol

28
Nursing Management
  • Pain relief
  • Instruction on pursed lip breathing, avoiding
    caffeine, OTMs, alcohol
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