Emerald Ash Borer

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Emerald Ash Borer
Is your community ready?
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Whats at Stake

• Wisconsin Cities Villages
• stand to lose 20 or more of their public trees
• have 5.4 million public private ash trees
• would have to spend 1.5 billion to replace all
  urban ash trees (338 million just for street
  trees)

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Additional Costs
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You Should Be Concerned Because

• EAB could appear in your community at any time.
• Most municipalities will be unable to absorb
  costs workload with existing resources.
• Failure to prepare will cost more.

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Known Distribution of EAB in North America
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Known Distribution of EAB in Wisconsin
Village of Newburg Washington County
residential property Ozaukee County
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Wisconsin EAB Quarantine

• counties currently under quarantine
• Fond du Lac
• Sheboyban
• Ozaukee
• Washington

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What Trees Are at Risk?
EAB attacks all species and varieties of North
American ash trees.
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EAB Life Cycle
late MayOctober larva
MaySeptember egg
Novemberlate May prepupa and pupa
May 1September 30 adult
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Adult Insect
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Larvae Do the Damage
After hatching, larvae bore through the bark and
feed on the trees vascular tissue. Their feeding
pattern forms flat, S-shaped tunnels right under
the bark. The extensive network of tunnels blocks
movement of water and nutrients, killing the
tree.
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EAB Symptoms
thin upper crown
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sprouts on stem or at base
EAB Symptoms
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EAB Symptoms

• woodpecker activity scratching post

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cracks in the bark
EAB Symptoms
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EAB Signs
S-shaped tunnels (larval feeding galleries)
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EAB Signs
presence of larvae
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EAB Signs
D-shaped emergence holes
MI Dept. of Ag
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How EAB Spreads

• natural movement
• beetle flight generally on insect and ash tree abundance
• assisted movement
• unlimited via transportation of infested ash
  firewood, logs, wood waste, nursery stock

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• Regulation Quarantine
• USDA-APHIS WDATCP are empowered to control
  movement of plant pests.
• Quarantines prevent movement of regulated
  articles out of the quarantined area.
• Compliance agreements are available to render
  certify regulated articles safe for transport.

EAB regulated articles ash trees limbs branches
roots logs slabs lumber with bark
attached chips bark fragments all
hardwood firewood
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Preparing for EAB
Michigan Ohio communities have learned that
Staff from other departments have had to be
pulled from their normal duties and quickly
trained for tree removal. Many municipal tasks
and services go undone for several years.
Waiting to remove trees until they are
completely dead costs more (extra time, care
clean-up wood processing takes longer is
harder on equipment).

• EAB kills quickly as its population builds.
  Streets suddenly are lined with dozens to
  thousands of dead and dying trees at risk of
  causing personal injury property damage.

The sudden, urgent demand for contracted tree
removal increases price reduces availability.
Disreputable companies appear.
Rapid loss of tree canopy can cause the city
water rate to spike due to a dramatic increase in
irrigation by residents trying to keep formerly
shaded lawns green.
Major capital purchases have had to be deferred.
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Preparing for EAB

• The better you prepare for EAB, the more you can
  reduce impacts on your community!

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Municipal Readiness Planning
Planning elements

• inventory
• ash management options
• ordinance provisions
• wood handling
• planting
• public outreach education
• training
• monitoring
• budgeting

Emerald Ash Borer Toolkit available at
http//dnr.wi.gov/forestry/uf/eab/
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Readiness Planning Inventory

• How many ash trees do you have?
• Where are they? (streets, parks, downtown,
  utility corridors, etc.)
• How big are they?
• What condition are they in?

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Readiness Planning Ash Management Options

• reactive removal
• preemptive removal
• treatment (pesticide)

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Readiness Planning Ordinance Provisions

• Chapter 4
• Trees and Shrubs
• 6-4-1 Statement of Policy and Applicability of
  Chapter
• 6-4-2 Definitions
• 6-4-3 Authority of City Forester to Enter Private
  Premises
• 6-4-4 Interference with City Forester Prohibited
• 6-4-5 Abatement of Tree Nuisances
• 6-4-6 Planting of Trees and Shrubs
• 6-4-7 Trimming
• 6-4-8 Trees and Shrubbery Obstructing View at
  Intersections or View of Traffic Signs
• 6-4-9 Removal of Trees and Stumps
• 6-4-10 Prohibited Acts
• 6-4-11 Appeal from Determinations and Orders
• 6-4-12 Tree Costs Chargeable to Lands
• 6-4-13 Inspection of Trees
• 6-4-14 Adoption of State Statutes

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Readiness Planning Wood Handling

• EAB will create a lot of wood waste!
• Who, where with what equipment will you cut,
  haul, store, sort and dispose of a high volume of
  ash residue?
• Quarantines will restrict movement.
• What options exist for wood utilization?

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Readiness Planning Planting
Avoid future catastrophic loss!! No one kind of
tree (oak, maple, etc.) should make up more than
20 of your total tree population.
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Readiness Planning Public Outreach Education

• An informed public
• enhances EAB monitoring capacity
• can delay EAB arrival
• is more likely to support local readiness and
  response plans

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Readiness Planning Training

• ash tree identification
• EAB signs symptoms
• monitoring techniques
• equipment handling
• worker safety
• technical standards

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Readiness Planning Monitoring

• systematic
• checking of
• neighborhoods with high concentrations of ash
  trees
• high-risk sites for introduction (picnic areas,
  industrial parks, wood-using industries)

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Readiness Planning Budgeting

• EAB budget realities
• EAB is coming no matter how thin your budget is
  already stretched.
• Failure to prepare will cost more.
• State federal assistance is very limited
  expect to develop your own funding sources.

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Readiness Planning Budgeting

• Possible funding sources
• Community Development Block Grants
• federal or state laws (e.g., 08 Farm Bill
  Revolving Loan Fund)
• DNR Urban Forestry Grants (for inventories,
  planning, outreach education)
• utility company programs
• community foundations
• trust funds
• subdivision development impact fees (for tree
  purchase)
• reallocation of existing budgets
• raising taxes
• charging residents for firewood wood chips
• saving costs through wood utilization, efficiency
  of operations, sharing resources, partnering,
  prearranged contracts, etc.

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Information Resources

• EAB reporting hotline [phone] or
  DATCPEmeraldAshBorer_at_wisconsin.gov
• Wisconsin EAB Internet portal www.emeraldashborer
  .wi.gov
• EAB Toolkit for Wisconsin Communities
  http//dnr.wi.gov/forestry/uf/eab/