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Gangs and Maras in Central America Results from selfreport surveys

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1st time (LA) 'presence' 'power' of gangs is measured. one of few ... tatoos. joining the gang. gangs & sex. joining the gang. gangs & sex (out of the gang) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Gangs and Maras in Central America Results from selfreport surveys


1
Gangs and Maras in Central AmericaResults from
self-report surveys
  • Mauricio Rubio
  • Universidad Externado de Colombia

Confronting Crime and Violence in Latin
America Crafting a Public Policy Agenda July 2 -
3 2007
2
outline
  • the data
  • overview gangs youth violence
  • gangs poverty
  • joining the gang
  • gangs girls
  • public policy issues

3
the data
Main restrictions IABD has an agenda in terms
of prevention programs. Not a globally planned
exercise. From police records to victimization
surveys to self-report Learning by doing. Trial
error vs comparability. Adapting to local
situation Main (unsolvable) limitations Rememb
er if is a risky simulation of cohort studies
Out of school sample is not random (priority to
anonymous questionnaire)
  • IADB financed
  • 5 Self report surevys in Honduras (2), Nicaragua
    (2) Panamá
  • n 8500. 61.4 students
  • 1st time (LA) presence power of gangs is
    measured
  • one of few with control group

4
overviewgang incidence
5
overviewgang incidence
6
overview feeling safe victimization
7
overview feeling safe, victimization gangs
8
overview gangs power
9
overview gangs offences
10
overview gangs share of offences
11
overview gangs crime
12
gangs poverty socioeconomic status (SES)
perception
respondents expenditure
SES index checked by
family income potential
13
gangs poverty gang membership by SES schooling
14
gangs poverty gang connections by SES
schooling
15
gangs poverty SES distribution of gang members
not so different from the general SES
distribution
16
gangs poverty high SES violence
17
gangs poverty SES arrests - gang members
18
gangs poverty young, poor out of the gang
19
gangs poverty SES, school, gangs offenders - 1
20
gangs poverty SES, school, gangs offenders - 2
21
gangs poverty SES, school, gangs offenders - 3
22
gangs poverty SES, school, gangs offenders - 4
23
gangs poverty risk factors - offenders
24
joining the gang risk factors - gang membership
25
joining the gang SES, family background gang
membership
26
joining the gang running away from home
27
joining the gang making friends in the gang
28
joining the gang dropping out of school
29
joining the gang labor or mating strategy?
30
joining the gang labor or mating strategy?
Two hints - primitive wars between gangs -
tatoos
31
joining the gang gangs sex
32
joining the gang gangs sex (out of the gang)
33
gangs girls gangs gender violence
34
gangs girls gangs gender violence
many feminicidiosseem gang related
35
gangs girls gangs prostitution
many testimonies of pimp gangs - el trencito
36
gangs girls gangs prostitution
similar incidence (students)
other similarities both boys in gangs girls in
prostitution high victimization high drug
use high self-report of offences share risk
factors (sexual abuse, running away, dropping
out) need early prevention
37
public policy issues
  • who is the relevant policy maker?
  • global phenomena (gangs, drugs, migration)
  • LA local problem national institutions
  • coordinating NGOs and agencies (with a strong
    political agenda)
  • diagnostic must be local
  • with common data gathering methodologies
  • programs should be independently evaluated
  • poverty violence is still the theory behind
    most prevention programs
  • not always fits the data
  • perverse incentives (hot barrios get more
    resources)
  • biased against girls
  • mating issues need more attention
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